NMR-based metabolomics analysis reveals the effect of environmental contamination exposure on fishermen living around the Mundaú Lagoon in Maceió (Alagoas, Brazil).

The Mundaú lagoon in Maceió (Alagoas, Brazil) is a crucial resource for the local population, particularly fishing communities. Recent studies have revealed potential toxic metal contamination in the lagoon, particularly with mercury (Hg) levels exceeding the maximum regulated values. This inorganic contaminant may be impacting the health of fishermen and the local population. In this context, metabolomics, a study of small-molecule metabolites, can offer insights into the physiological impact of environmental contamination on humans. Thus, volunteers from the control and exposed groups were selected, considering the main exposure criteria primarily defined by their proximity and interaction with the lagoon. Blood and urine samples were collected from the volunteers and subjected to analysis using NMR spectroscopy. The data underwent Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) based on metabolic patterns to establish group discrimination or identification. Metabolic pathways were assessed through enrichment analysis. The study revealed several metabolic disturbances in the exposed group's urine and plasma samples compared to control group. Noteworthy findings included arginine and proline metabolism disruptions, indicative of ammonia recycling and urea cycle impairment. These changes suggest compromised ammonia detoxification in the exposed group. Disturbances in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria suggested systemic metabolic stress in energy metabolism. Furthermore, elevated carnitine and ketone levels may indicate compensatory responses to low TCA cycle activity. Alterations in glutamate and glutathione metabolism and imbalances in glutathione levels indicate oxidative stress and impaired detoxification. This study highlights significant metabolic changes in fishermen exposed to contaminated environments, which can affect various metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism and antioxidant processes, potentially making individuals more vulnerable to the adverse effects of environmental contaminants. Finally, this work highlights insights into the relationship between environmental contamination and metabolic pathways, particularly in regions with limited studies.

Afro-Colombian way of life and fishing territorialities in Chocó (Colombia) / Modo de vida afrocolombiano y territorialidades pesqueras en el chocó (colombia)

RESUMEN El Pacífico colombiano es un territorio-región ocupado en su mayoría por comunidades negras que tienen un modo de vida tradicional basado en la pesca, la agricultura y el extractivismo tradicional. Sin embargo, con la llegada de las lógicas desarrollistas, este modo de vida comienza a sufrir transformaciones que colocan las territorialidades tradicionales en confrontación con otras lógicas externas a la comunidad. Aquí se pretende (1) caracterizar el modo de vida tradicional afrocolombiano, especialmente en su relación simbólica con la pesca artesanal, (2) identificar territorialidades pesqueras y (3) analizar los conflictos territoriales presentes en Bahía Solano. Para eso, se hizo trabajo de campo con observación participante, reportes etnográficos, fotodocumentación, entrevistas con guión semiestructurado y cartografía social participativa, con el objetivo de brindar este aporte, desde una perspectiva geográfica e interdisciplinaria que aún está ausente en las investigaciones acerca de esta región. Se observa que con la inserción de las comunidades en lógicas de producción conectadas con el "afuera", más rentables como el turismo, el narcotráfico y la pesca industrial, se superponen nuevas territorialidades. En las territorialidades nuevas y en las tradicionales el elemento "mar" es necesario para la reproducción de los modos de vida, especialmente en lo material, a través del trabajo y la alimentación.

ABSTRACT The Colombian Pacific is a territory-region occupied mostly by black communities that have a traditional way of life based on fishing, agriculture and traditional extractivism. However, with the arrival of developmental logics, this way of life begins to undergo transformations that place traditional territorialities in confrontation with other logics external to the community. Therefore, the objective here is (1) to characterize the traditional Afro-Colombian way of life, especially in its symbolic relationship with artisanal fishing, (2) to identify fishing territorialities and (3) to analyze the territorial conflicts present in Bahía Solano. For this, fieldwork was carried out with participant observation, ethnographic reports, photodocumentation and interviews with a semi-structured script, with the aim of providing a contribution from an interdisciplinary perspective, still absent in research in this region. It was observed that with the insertion of communities into "external" and more profitable productive logics, such as tourism, drug trafficking and industrial fishing, new territorialities are superimposed. In these new territorialities, as in the more traditional ones, the sea is a necessary element for the reproduction of the Afro-Colombian way of life, especially through work and food.

Evidence of plastics contamination and sewage-derived residues in a Brazilian Hope Spot for conservation of marine biodiversity - Cagarras Islands and surrounding waters.

Cagarras Islands Archipelago, a no-take MPA in Southeast Brazil, was designated as Natural Monument (MONA Cagarras) and, more recently, recognized as Hope Spot for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to assess plastic contamination by analyzing marine litter and microplastics in MONA Cagarras and surrounding waters. Marine litter (34.12 kg) was caught by artisanal fishermen in MONA Cagarras proximities, and plastics represented ∼79 %. Personal hygiene items and strains of hair were found, suggesting sewage-derived contamination from Ipanema SSO. Microplastics were detected in MONA Cagarras surface waters. Fragments and black particle were the most frequently found microplastic shape and color, respectively. µ-FTIR analysis identified, in descending order of occurrence, polystyrene-PS, polyethylene-PE, polyvinyl chloride-PVC, polypropylene-P, and polyamide-PA. Our integrated results of macro and microplastic contamination highlight an issue of effective conservation and health of marine biodiversity in MONA Cagarras and surrounding waters and a concern for better management of Brazilian MPAs.

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Self-Reported Pain in Artisanal Fishermen from a Traditional Community in Todos-os-Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) can be characterized from their occupational etiology and their occurrence; their chronicity generates negative repercussions for the health of workers, especially of artisanal fishing. To investigate the prevalence of generalized musculoskeletal disorders by body region and self-reported pain in a fishing population of northeastern Brazil, an epidemiological cross-sectional study was carried out in Santiago do Iguape, Bahia-Brazil, in 2017. The Brazilian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), in addition to a questionnaire containing the socio-demographic and labor conditions were applied to a random stratified sample of 248 artisanal fisheries. There were 170 female shellfish gatherers and 78 fishermen, with a mean age of 36.7 years (SD = 10.5 years) and 43.3 years (SD = 11.8 years), respectively. The beginning of the labor activity was initiated at approximately 11 years of age. The average weekly income varied from 17.64 USD to 29.10 USD. The prevalence of MSD independent of occupation occurred in at least one body region in 93.5% and the presence of musculoskeletal pain/discomfort over the last seven days in 95.2% of the fishing workers. The highest prevalence of MSD was found in shellfish gatherers in: lower back (86.4%), wrist and hand (73.5%), and upper back (66.8%). In relation to the presence of pain in the last year, the frequency of pain was greater in the fishermen compared to the shellfish gatherers. The generalized severity of the MSD in 93.5% of this community of fishermen is evident, with emphasis in the following regions: lower back, wrist and hand and upper back in both groups, with occurrence of pain in more than one body region at the same time.

Marine artificial reef (MAR) interference in artisanalfisheries in Brazil: use of traditional knowledge / Interferência do recife artificial marinho (RAM) na pescaartesanal do Brasil: uso de conhecimentos tradicionais

The aim of this study was to describe the traditional knowledge from artisanal fishermen related to marine artificial reef (MAR) ship Victory 8B and to identify possible changes in the fishery area after its installation. We performed single ethnographic interviews (n = 80) through a semistructured questionnaire, using participant observation, visual ethnography, and field diary recordings. All the interviewees were men from 27 to 77 years old, with low education levels and up to 60 years of experience in the fishery artisanal. Most of the interviewees (n = 71; 88.7%) recognize the presence of this MAR in the region and its role as a shelter for marine fauna and an attractor for species with commercial value. Even with fishery prohibition in the vicinity of MAR Victory 8B, most of the interviewees (n = 75; 93.7%) reported the practice in that area. According to the fishermen, the ship installation did not alter area the fishery, but the structure positively changed the activity by attracting more fish, increasing capture and profits. With that, from the perspective of the fishermen perception, MAR Vi-tory 8B fulfilled its role in the enrichment of the fish stock and the conservation of marine biodiversity in the region.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os conhecimentos tradicionais dos pescadores artesanais relacionados ao recife artificial marinho (RAM) navio Victory 8B e identificar possíveis alterações na área de pesca após a sua instalação. Foram realizadas entrevistas etnográficas (n = 80) por meio de ques-tionário semi-estruturado, sendo aplicado o método de observação participante e uso do diário de campo. Todos os entrevistados eram homens com idades entre 27 e 77 anos, com baixa escolaridade e até 60 anos de experiência na pesca artesanal. A maioria dos entrevistados (n = 71; 88,7%) reconhece a presença deste RAM na região, seu papel como abrigo para a fauna marinha e como atrator de espécies com valor comercial. Mesmo com a proibição da pesca nas proximidades do RAM Victory 8B, a maioria dos entrevistados (n = 75; 93,7%) relatou a prática naquela área. Segundo os pescadores, a instalação do navio não alterou a área de pesca, mas a estrutura mudou positivamente a atividade, atraindo mais peixes, aumentando a captura e os lucros. Com isso, na percepção dos pescadores, o RAM Victory 8B cumpriu seu papel no enriquecimento do estoque pesqueiro e na conservação da biodiversidade marinha da região.

Experiences of citizenship in precarization: An ethnography from northern Colombia in the time of COVID-19.

This article is the result of qualitative research on current ways of being a citizen in northern Colombia during the era of COVID-19. In a region characterized by impoverished communities, the study area becomes a privileged place in which to understand how communities in so-called "developing countries" face a pandemic with their local resources. To place the reader, we discuss the history of this place, the town of Taganga, located in the city of Santa Marta in northern Colombia. Likewise, its culture and social structure are described, as well as the current situation related to access to electricity, water, garbage collection, and food. The article shows how, through local means, today's communities seek to establish settlements with essential services, such as water and electricity, without any relationship with the state.

Ornamental fishing in the region of Barcelos, Amazonas: socioeconomic description and scenario of activity in the view of piabeiros / A pesca ornamental na região de Barcelos, Amazonas: descrição socieconômica e cenário da atividade na visão dos piabeiros

Abstract The Negro river basin is considered the largest area of extractive of ornamental fish in Brazil. This area has fundamental importance for the populations from the Amazon. The present study aimed to describe socioeconomic profile of ornamental fishermen known as "piabeiros" in the Municipality of Barcelos, as well as the ornamental fishery, fisheries area, target species, environments, fishing techniques, equipment, capture techniques and main difficulties faced by the current activity. This study was carried out in municipality of Barcelos, through semi - structured interviews, with artisanal ornamental fishermen (N= 89). The main families of ornamental fish caught and traded were: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae and Gymnotidae. The main catchment areas were igarapés, lakes, flooded fields, beaches, river banks and igapó forest. Rapiché was the most used equipment in the fisheries both by the fishermen of the urban areas (43.81%) and rural (41.89%). Most of the fishermen are associated with the colony of fishermen of Barcelos (Z33). The data showed that the dynamics of ornamental fishing have changed in a short time and directly affected fishermen, in addition to the low age renewal with the participation of younger fishermen, threatening the transmission of ecological knowledge to future generations. As a result, the increase of the problems related to the productive chain and absence of public power to the activity, since ornamental fishing has already been treated as one of the main economic activities more important for the local communities and for the State of Amazonas.

Resumo A bacia do rio Negro é considerada a maior área de extrativismo de peixes ornamentais do Brasil. Esta área possui importância fundamental para as populações da Amazônia. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil socioeconômico de pescadores conhecidos como "piabeiros" no município de Barcelos, bem como a pesca ornamental, área de pesca, espécies-alvo, ambientes, técnicas de pesca, equipamentos, técnicas de captura e dificuldades enfrentadas nesta atividade. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi - estruturadas, com pescadores artesanais ornamentais (N= 89). Os dados mostram que as famílias de peixes ornamentais capturados e comercializados foram: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae e Gymnotidae. As áreas de captura descritas foram igarapés, lagos, alagados, praias, margens de rios e floresta de igapó. O Rapiché foi o equipamento mais utilizado nas pescarias tanto pelos pescadores das áreas urbanas (43,81%) como rurais (41,89%). A maioria dos pescadores está associada à colônia de pescadores de Barcelos (Z33). Os dados coletados mostraram que a dinâmica da pesca ornamental mudou em pouco tempo e afetou diretamente os pescadores. Além da baixa taxa de renovação, com a participação de pescadores mais jovens, ameaçando a transmissão de conhecimento ecológico para as gerações futuras. Como resultado, notamos o aumento dos problemas relacionados à cadeia produtiva e a ausência de poder público na atividade. A pesca ornamental já foi tratada como uma das principais atividades econômicas para as comunidades locais e para o Estado do Amazonas.

Determinants of credit constraint of artisanal fishermen in Ghana / Determinantes da restrição de crédito a pescadores artesanais em Gana

Due to the high risk associated with fishing, access to credit becomes very difficult for fishermen. The study was conducted to investigate the determinants of credit constraint on artisanal fishermen with survey data collected from artisanal fishermen in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of descriptive and IV-Probit model. Most of the fishermen were in their youthful stage. From the study, while boat ownership and off-fishing activity reduce the probability being credit constrained, complex procedure, and disbursement time lag increase fishermen probability of being credit constrained. The findings of the study also indicated that there is a significant difference between constrained and unconstrained fishermen fishing activity and financial status. Therefore, fishermen in need of additional credit should be catered for to increase their production, hence, livelihood.(AU)

Due to the high risk associated with fishing, access to credit becomes very difficult for fishermen. The study was conducted to investigate the determinants of credit constraint on artisanal fishermen with survey data collected from artisanal fishermen in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of descriptive and IV-Probit model. Most of the fishermen were in their youthful stage. From the study, while boat ownership and off-fishing activity reduce the probability being credit constrained, complex procedure, and disbursement time lag increase fishermen probability of being credit constrained. The findings of the study also indicated that there is a significant difference between constrained and unconstrained fishermen fishing activity and financial status. Therefore, fishermen in need of additional credit should be catered for to increase their production, hence, livelihood.(AU)

Hand perforation caused by a Gafftopsail catfish (bagre marinus) in a fisherman from Northeastern Brazil / Perfuração da mão por bagre branco (bagre marinus) em pescador do nordeste do Brasil

A 39-year-old male fisherman from Ceará State in Northeastern Brazil presented to the emergency room complaining of intense pain, edema, and bleeding in his left hand (Figure 1A-1B), He had a recent history of traumatism with hand perforation caused by the stinger of a gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus) (Figure 2A-2C). The injury occurred 4 hours prior when pulling his fishnet in the ocean. Right after the injury, the patient presented local pain and classified as eight in a visual analogue scale of pain. He denied systemic symptoms such as fever. On physical examination, he presented with two perforations separated by about 2 cm with slight bleeding (Figure 1A), local edema, and pain in his left hand (Figure 1B). Local cleansing of the lesion was performed. He was advised to apply warm compresses and used analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs with the improvement of the inflammation. Systemic antibiotics were not necessary.

Um pescador de 39 anos, natural do Ceará, na região Nordeste do Brasil, deu entrada na emergência com queixa de dor intensa, edema e sangramento no dorso da mão esquerda (figura 1A-1B). Ele apresentava história recente de trauma na mão por ferrão de bagre branco (bagre marinus). A lesão ocorreu durante o ato de puxar a rede do oceano, quatro horas antes do atendimento. Logo após a lesão, apresentou dor intensa, nota 8 na escala visual analógica de dor. Ele negou sintomas sistêmicos, como febre. No exame físico, apresentava duas perfurações separadas por cerca de 2 cm com leve sangramento (figura 1A), edema e dor na mão esquerda (figura 1B). Foi realizada limpeza da lesão. Alem disso, foi orientado a aplicar compressas mornas e fazer uso de analgésicos /anti-inflamatórios para a melhora da inflamação. Antibióticos sistêmicos não foram necessários.

Ornamental fishing in the region of Barcelos, Amazonas: socioeconomic description and scenario of activity in the view of piabeiros / A pesca ornamental na região de Barcelos, Amazonas: descrição socieconômica e cenário da atividade na visão dos piabeiros

The Negro river basin is considered the largest area of extractive of ornamental fish in Brazil. This area has fundamental importance for the populations from the Amazon. The present study aimed to describe socioeconomic profile of ornamental fishermen known as piabeiros in the Municipality of Barcelos, as well as the ornamental fishery, fisheries area, target species, environments, fishing techniques, equipment, capture techniques and main difficulties faced by the current activity. This study was carried out in municipality of Barcelos, through semi - structured interviews, with artisanal ornamental fishermen (N= 89). The main families of ornamental fish caught and traded were: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae and Gymnotidae. The main catchment areas were igarapés, lakes, flooded fields, beaches, river banks and igapó forest. Rapiché was the most used equipment in the fisheries both by the fishermen of the urban areas (43.81%) and rural (41.89%). Most of the fishermen are associated with the colony of fishermen of Barcelos (Z33). The data showed that the dynamics of ornamental fishing have changed in a short time and directly affected fishermen, in addition to the low age renewal with the participation of younger fishermen, threatening the transmission of ecological knowledge to future generations. As a result, the increase of the problems related to the productive chain and absence of public power to the activity, since ornamental fishing has already been treated as one of the main economic activities more important for the local communities and for the State of Amazonas.(AU)

Resumo A bacia do rio Negro é considerada a maior área de extrativismo de peixes ornamentais do Brasil. Esta área possui importância fundamental para as populações da Amazônia. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil socioeconômico de pescadores conhecidos como piabeiros no município de Barcelos, bem como a pesca ornamental, área de pesca, espécies-alvo, ambientes, técnicas de pesca, equipamentos, técnicas de captura e dificuldades enfrentadas nesta atividade. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi - estruturadas, com pescadores artesanais ornamentais (N= 89). Os dados mostram que as famílias de peixes ornamentais capturados e comercializados foram: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae e Gymnotidae. As áreas de captura descritas foram igarapés, lagos, alagados, praias, margens de rios e floresta de igapó. O Rapiché foi o equipamento mais utilizado nas pescarias tanto pelos pescadores das áreas urbanas (43,81%) como rurais (41,89%). A maioria dos pescadores está associada à colônia de pescadores de Barcelos (Z33). Os dados coletados mostraram que a dinâmica da pesca ornamental mudou em pouco tempo e afetou diretamente os pescadores. Além da baixa taxa de renovação, com a participação de pescadores mais jovens, ameaçando a transmissão de conhecimento ecológico para as gerações futuras. Como resultado, notamos o aumento dos problemas relacionados à cadeia produtiva e a ausência de poder público na atividade. A pesca ornamental já foi tratada como uma das principais atividades econômicas para as comunidades locais e para o Estado do Amazonas.(AU)

Conocimiento y conductas de protección solar de pescadores en Chile / Knowledge and sun protection behaviors of fishermen in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sobreexposición a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de cáncer de piel (CP). Aquellos trabajadores que realizan labores al aire libre, como los pescadores, son un grupo de riesgo, por lo que es importante saber si tienen los conocimientos y realizan las conductas que les permitan protegerse de la RUV. OBJETIVO: Evaluar en un grupo de pescadores el conocimiento respecto a los riesgos de la exposición solar y sus conductas respecto a medidas de protección solar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos fueron obtenidos por encuestas a 133 pescadores. Se obtuvieron antecedentes sociodemográficos y se aplicó un cuestionario de 11 preguntas para evaluar conocimiento sobre riesgos de la RUV y conductas de fotoprotección. RESULTADOS: La cohorte incluyó a 133 pescadores, todos fueron hombres con edad promedio de 48 +/- 11,2 años. Un 86% de los pescadores conocía la relación entre exposición solar/CP. En cuanto al uso de filtro solar (FS), un 54,8% de los trabajadores reportó nunca haberlo utilizado y un 41% lo hacía solo una vez al día. Los pescadores con escolaridad incompleta presentan 2,6 veces menor probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 2.6; p<0.05). Además, aquellos con conocimiento de la relación RUV y fotoenvejecimiento, presentaban 3,75 veces más probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 3.75) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Este primer estudio sobre protección solar en pescadores muestra que la mayoría están en conocimiento de los riesgos a la salud. Sin embargo, no utilizan las medidas de protección recomendadas y aquellos que las utilizan, no lo hacen de la manera adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer (SC). Outdoor workers, such as fishermen are a risk group. Therefore, it is important to study if they have the knowledge towards sun exposure and also to know their solar protection behaviors. OBJETIVE: To evaluate in a group of fishermen if they have the knowledge about the risks of solar exposure and their behavior regarding sun protection measures. MATERIALS y METHODS: Data was obtained from a survey applied to 133 fishermen. Collected information included sociodemographic characteristics and 11 questions about knowledge and their sun protection measures. RESULTS: The cohort included 133 fishermen, all were male with an age average of 48 +/- 11,2 years. 86% knew about the relation between solar exposure and skin cancer. When asked about sunscreen use, 54.8% declared they never used it and 41,0% did only once a day. The fishermen who had incomplete secondary school studies were less likely to use sunscreen (OR 2.6) (p<0.05). Those who had knowledge of the relation between UVR and aging were 3,75 times more likely to use sunscreen. CONCLUSION: This is the first study about solar protection knowledge and photoprotection measures upon fishermen, performed in Chile. Most fishermen were aware of the health risks. However, they do not use the recommended protection measures, and those who use them, do not do it properly

Injuries caused by fish to fishermen in the Vale do Alto Juruá, Western Brazilian Amazon

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to document injuries caused by fish among professional fishermen in the Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We undertook a descriptive, retrospective study, involving 51 professional fishermen, to determine clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of their injuries. RESULTS: Among 51 fishermen interviewed, most injuries were due to mandi (Pimelodus spp.), and the hands were the most injured region, resulting in pain and bleeding in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings confirm the morbidity of fish-related injuries, and reaffirm the need for relevant information regarding prevention and injury management.

Determinants of credit constraint of artisanal fishermen in Ghana / Determinantes da restrição de crédito a pescadores artesanais em Gana

ABSTRACT: Due to the high risk associated with fishing, access to credit becomes very difficult for fishermen. The study was conducted to investigate the determinants of credit constraint on artisanal fishermen with survey data collected from artisanal fishermen in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of descriptive and IV-Probit model. Most of the fishermen were in their youthful stage. From the study, while boat ownership and off-fishing activity reduce the probability being credit constrained, complex procedure, and disbursement time lag increase fishermen probability of being credit constrained. The findings of the study also indicated that there is a significant difference between constrained and unconstrained fishermen fishing activity and financial status. Therefore, fishermen in need of additional credit should be catered for to increase their production, hence, livelihood.

RESUMO: Devido ao alto risco associado à pesca, o acesso ao crédito se torna muito difícil para os pescadores. O estudo foi conduzido para investigar os determinantes da restrição de crédito em pescadores artesanais com dados de pesquisa coletados nas regiões oeste e central de Gana. Um procedimento de amostragem em vários estágios foi usado para selecionar os entrevistados para o estudo. Os dados coletados foram analisados com o auxílio do modelo descritivo e IV-Probit. A maioria dos pescadores estava em sua fase juvenil. A partir do estudo, enquanto a propriedade do barco e a atividade fora da pesca reduzem a probabilidade de restrição de crédito, procedimentos complexos e atraso no desembolso aumentam a probabilidade dos pescadores sofrerem restrição de crédito. Os resultados do estudo também indicaram que há uma diferença significativa entre a atividade pesqueira e a situação financeira dos pescadores com e sem restrição. Portanto, os pescadores que precisam de crédito adicional devem ser atendidos para aumentar sua produção e, portanto, meios de subsistência.

Factors associated with perceived quality of life in artisanal fishermen: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a combination of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, chronotype, stress perception and level of physical activity with the perception of quality of life in artisanal fishermen. RESULTS: Several variables were associated with lower scores of quality of life domains: workload (P = 0.047), age (P = 0.01), economic class D-E (P = 0.04) and perceived stress scores (P = 0.01) for scores physical domain; workload (P = 0.03) and perceived stress (P < 0.001) for scores psychological domain; Perceived stress (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.01) for social domain scores; economic class D-E (P = 0.03) and perceived stress (P = 0.01) for environment domain scores; perceived stress (P = 0.01) and age (P = 0.01) for general quality of life scores and; female sex (P = 0.04) and age (P = 0.02) for the score of satisfaction with quality of life.

Ornamental fishing in the region of Barcelos, Amazonas: socioeconomic description and scenario of activity in the view of piabeiros

Abstract The Negro river basin is considered the largest area of extractive of ornamental fish in Brazil. This area has fundamental importance for the populations from the Amazon. The present study aimed to describe socioeconomic profile of ornamental fishermen known as piabeiros in the Municipality of Barcelos, as well as the ornamental fishery, fisheries area, target species, environments, fishing techniques, equipment, capture techniques and main difficulties faced by the current activity. This study was carried out in municipality of Barcelos, through semi - structured interviews, with artisanal ornamental fishermen (N= 89). The main families of ornamental fish caught and traded were: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae and Gymnotidae. The main catchment areas were igarapés, lakes, flooded fields, beaches, river banks and igapó forest. Rapiché was the most used equipment in the fisheries both by the fishermen of the urban areas (43.81%) and rural (41.89%). Most of the fishermen are associated with the colony of fishermen of Barcelos (Z33). The data showed that the dynamics of ornamental fishing have changed in a short time and directly affected fishermen, in addition to the low age renewal with the participation of younger fishermen, threatening the transmission of ecological knowledge to future generations. As a result, the increase of the problems related to the productive chain and absence of public power to the activity, since ornamental fishing has already been treated as one of the main economic activities more important for the local communities and for the State of Amazonas.

Resumo A bacia do rio Negro é considerada a maior área de extrativismo de peixes ornamentais do Brasil. Esta área possui importância fundamental para as populações da Amazônia. O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil socioeconômico de pescadores conhecidos como piabeiros no município de Barcelos, bem como a pesca ornamental, área de pesca, espécies-alvo, ambientes, técnicas de pesca, equipamentos, técnicas de captura e dificuldades enfrentadas nesta atividade. O estudo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi - estruturadas, com pescadores artesanais ornamentais (N= 89). Os dados mostram que as famílias de peixes ornamentais capturados e comercializados foram: Characidae, Lebiasinidae, Gasteropelecidae, Cichilidae, Anostomidae, Loricaridae, Potamotrygonidae e Gymnotidae. As áreas de captura descritas foram igarapés, lagos, alagados, praias, margens de rios e floresta de igapó. O Rapiché foi o equipamento mais utilizado nas pescarias tanto pelos pescadores das áreas urbanas (43,81%) como rurais (41,89%). A maioria dos pescadores está associada à colônia de pescadores de Barcelos (Z33). Os dados coletados mostraram que a dinâmica da pesca ornamental mudou em pouco tempo e afetou diretamente os pescadores. Além da baixa taxa de renovação, com a participação de pescadores mais jovens, ameaçando a transmissão de conhecimento ecológico para as gerações futuras. Como resultado, notamos o aumento dos problemas relacionados à cadeia produtiva e a ausência de poder público na atividade. A pesca ornamental já foi tratada como uma das principais atividades econômicas para as comunidades locais e para o Estado do Amazonas.

Injuries caused by fish in a community of Pantanal fishermen: detection, treatment, and prevention of envenomations and trauma

Abstract INTRODUCTION Injuries caused by fish are common in the Pantanal, a flooded area in Midwestern Brazil. METHODS A survey was conducted to identify venomous and trauma-inducing fish and the incidence of such injuries in a local fishing community. RESULTS The injuries were caused by catfish, freshwater stingrays, and piranhas. All fishermen had suffered injuries, and nearly 30% had recent injuries. CONCLUSIONS A leaflet and discussions decreased the injuries (only two were recorded in the next year). The campaign educated fishermen about prevention of and first aid for injuries. Similar campaigns will be performed in other communities of the Pantanal.

Body mass index in association with decompression sickness events: cross-sectional study among small-scale fishermen-divers in southeast Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Decompression sickness is endemic to small-scale fishermen-divers from coastal communities in southeast Mexico; overweight and obesity are also highly prevalent in the region. Existing literature suggests it is possible that fat tissue could play a role in decompression sickness pathophysiology. Our aim in this study is to describe the association between the number and severity of DCS events treated at the hyperbaric program and fishermen-diver body mass index. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained anthropometric measurements of 105 fishermen-divers and reviewed clinical records of each participant at a hyperbaric program. RESULTS: Average BMI among participants was 34.5 ± 4.7, while 9.5% (n=10) were healthy-weighted, 28.6% (n=30) were overweight and 42.8% (n=65) were obese. Number of DCS events per diver was associated with BMI and severity of DCS in linear regression models. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are highly preventable health problems; our results suggest that an association between these conditions and the frequency and the severity of DCS are an important topic to be further considered in longitudinal prospective studies.

Captura incidental en nasas del pez león Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) en el Caribe colombiano / Incidental catch in traps of the lionfish Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) in the Colombian Caribbean

Resumen Desde el 2011, los pescadores artesanales de Taganga (Caribe colombiano) capturaron al pez león en nasas para el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona. Este hecho generó la percepción de que el pez león causó la disminución de la pesca. Para determinar los cambios en las especies capturadas y conocer la abundancia del pez león en este arte, se analizó el desembarco histórico en nasas entre 1993 y 2014, así como, el desembarque a tres unidades económicas de pesca entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014. El análisis histórico mostró que la disminución de las especies y los kilogramos desembarcados ocurrió desde el 2000. Un total de 4 913 individuos fueron desembarcados entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014, de los cuales el 85 % fueron especies de interés comercial y el resto fueron utilizadas por los pescadores para su consumo. Los desembarcos entre marzo 2012 y julio 2014 estuvieron condicionados a factores climáticos, donde la co-ocurrencia de Pterois volitans y las principales especies comerciales y de autoconsumo no mostró evidencia de que el pez león afecte sus abundancias. Se confirma así la presencia del pez león como un nuevo integrante en los desembarcos en nasas en la Bahía de Taganga.

Abstract Incidental catch in traps of the lionfish Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) in the Colombian Caribbean. Since 2011, small-scale fishermen from Taganga Bay (Colombian Caribbean) have been catching lionfish in traps in the Tayrona National Natural Park, which had caused them to believe that the lionfish is the cause of the decrease in overall fishing. In order to determine the changes in the species captured and to know the abundance of the lionfish in this fishing method, we analyzed the historical landings in traps between 1993 and 2014, as well as the landing of three fishing units between March 2012 and July 2014. The historical analysis showed that the decline in species and kilograms landed has been occurring since 2000. A total of 4 913 specimens were landed between March 2012 and July 2014, of which 85 % were species of commercial interest, and the rest were used by fishermen for consumption. Landings between 2012 and 2014 were conditioned by climatic conditions, where the co-occurrence between Pterois volitans and the main commercial species and self-consumption did not provide evidence of the lionfish affecting its abundance. This confirms the presence of the lionfish as a new member in the landings in traps the Taganga Bay. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1197-1207. Epub 2018 September 01.

A classe pesqueira tem dois sexos: trabalho e relações de gênero na cadeia produtiva da pesca artesanal na Bacia de Campos / RJ / The fish class has two sex: work and gender relations in the production chain of crafts in the Campos / RJ / La clase pesquera tiene dos sexos: trabajo y relaciones de género en la cadena productiva de la pesca artesanal en la Bacia de Campos / RJ

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa desenvolvidos junto às pescadoras artesanais realizada entre 2015 e 2017 contíguos às comunidades pesqueiras residentes na Bacia de Campos mais vulneráveis aos impactos da exploração do petróleo nas regiões Norte, Noroeste e Lagos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo sedimenta-se na necessidade de se compreender os processos de incorporação da mulher na cadeia produtiva da pesca ao mesmo tempo em que desnudamos os processos sociais (in)visibilizadores no campo da sociabilidade e da divisão social do trabalho. Pretendeu-se a aplicação de uma pesquisa de natureza censitária do tipo Survey e os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do SPSS, como ferramenta estatística para a obtenção das informações desejadas.(AU)

This article presents the research results developed by artisanal fisherfolk between 2015 and 2017, contiguous to fishing communities living in the Campos Basin, most vulnerable to the impacts of oil exploration in the North, Northwest and Lagos regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The objective is based on the need to understand the processes of incorporation of women in the fishing chain of production while denuding the social processes (in)visibilizadores in the field of sociability and social division of labor. We attempted to apply a survey of a census type of Survey and the data obtained were analyzed through SPSS, as a statistical tool to obtain the desired information.(AU)

Este artículo presenta los resultados de investigación desarrollados junto a las pescadoras artesanales realizada entre 2015 y 2017 contiguos a las comunidades pesqueras residentes en la Cuenca de Campos más vulnerables a los impactos de la explotación del petróleo en las regiones Norte, Noroeste y Lagos del Estado de Río de Janeiro. El objetivo se sedimenta en la necesidad de comprender los procesos de incorporación de la mujer en la cadena productiva de la pesca al mismo tiempo que desnudamos los procesos sociales (in) visibilizadores en el campo de la sociabilidad y de la división social del trabajo. Se pretendió la aplicación de una investigación de naturaleza censal del tipo Survey y los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por medio del SPSS, como herramienta estadística para la obtención de la información deseada.(AU)

Biodiversity of Holocene marine fish of the southeast coast of Brazil / Biodiversidade de peixes marinhos do Holoceno da costa Sudeste brasileira

Abstract Middens are archaeological sites dating between 8,000 and 1,000 years before present and are commonly found on the Brazilian coast. Data were collected from 68 middens allowing an inventory of 142 fish species, most of them recorded in no more than five sites. Conversely, Micropogonias furnieri and Pogonias cromis had the highest frequencies of occurrence. The biogeographic, ecological and economic data showed that most of the identified fish are widely distributed in the Western Atlantic (59.72%) and inhabit estuarine environments (53.99%), while most species have a demersal habit (35.92%) and exhibit oceanic migratory behaviour (28.87%). Lastly, the surveyed fish are predominantly carnivorous (72.54%) with some commercial value (96.48%). Chi-squared tests comparing midden inventory and current ichthyofauna checklists failed to show significant differences between them (p > 0.99). Thus, the results indicate that zoo-archaeological fish remains are key evidence of Holocene biodiversity and may help the establishment of more complete baselines.

Resumo Sambaquis são sítios arqueológicos, datando entre 8,000 e 1,000 anos antes do presente, encontrados na costa brasileira. Neste trabalho, dados ictiológicos referentes a 68 sambaquis da costa Sudeste do Brasil foram compilados e construído um inventário de referência no qual constam 142 espécies, a maioria das quais com registro em não mais que cinco sítios. Por outro lado, as espécies Micropogonias furnieri e Pogonias cromis apresentaram alta frequência de ocorrência nos sambaquis. Os dados biogeográficos, ecológicos e econômicos mostraram que a maioria das espécies registradas nos sambaquis são de ampla distribuição no Atlântico Ocidental (59.72%), habitam ambientes estuarinos (53.99%), tem um hábito demersal (35.92%) e comportamento oceânico migratório (28.87%). A maioria dos registros diz respeito a peixes carnívoros (72.54%) e com algum valor comercial (96.48%). A comparação da lista de ictiofauna registrada para os sambaquis com uma lista construída com base em inventários atuais de peixes para mesma região não mostrou diferenças significativas (teste de qui-quadrado, p> 0.99). Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados indicam que os vestígios de ictiofauna encontrados em sambaquis constituem uma amostra relevante da biodiversidade do Holoceno podendo ser muito úteis na construção de inventários de referências mais completos da fauna ictiológica da costa brasileira.