Ginseng Saponin Rb1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Exposure-Induced Inflammation, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Objective: Cigarette smoke exposure is one of the major risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ginseng saponin Rb1 (Rb1) is a natural extract from ginseng root with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the underlying mechanism of the Rb1 in COPD remains unknown. Therefore, we sought to explore the role of Rb1 in cigarette smoke-induced damage and to reveal the potential mechanism. Methods: The cell viability and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and LDH release assays. We further investigated the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress markers and analyzed the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in BEAS-2B cells and COPD rat model following cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. Results: Our results showed that CSE promoted inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. Rb1 suppressed the inflammatory response by inhibiting expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1ß and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rb1 possessed the ability to hinder cell apoptosis induced by CSE. In addition, Rb1 concurrently reduced CSE-induced oxidative reactions and promoted Nrf2 translocation to nucleus. For in vivo study, Rb1 treatment alleviated CSE-induced lung injury, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and inflammatory reactions. Also, Rb1 treatment activated Nrf2 signaling and inactivated NF-κB signaling in COPD rats. Conclusion: Rb1 attenuates CSE-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress by suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signaling pathways, which provides novel insights into the mechanism underlying CSE-induced COPD.

Determination of Ginseng Saponin Rg_1,Rb_1,Re and Notoginseng Saponin R_1 in Tangzhiqing Capsule by HPLC / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish a method of determining effective components in Tangzhiqing Capsule.Methods Gin- seng saponin Rg_1,Rb_1,Re and notoginseng saponin R_1 in the capsule were separated and purified by D_(101)macroporous absorption resin,and then determined by HPLC.Results The linearity arrange of ginseng saponin Rg_1,Re,Rb_1 and no- toginseng saponin R_1 were 1.88～11.28?g,1.76～10.56?g,0.294～1.764?g,0.752～2.256?g and the recov- eries were 101.51%(RSD=0.75%),100.58%(RSD=0.46%),100.29%(RSD=1.01%),98.64% (RSD = 0.73%)respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,feasible and reproducible,and can be used for the determination of effective components in Tangzhiqing Capsule.

Determination of ginseng saponin Rg_1,Rb_1 and notoginseng saponin R_1 in Qianjin Shenanning Pills by HPLC / 中成药

AIM:To establish a method of determining effective components in Qianjin Shenanning Pills(Flemingia Philippinensis Merr.et Rolfe,Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng rubra,Radix et Rhizowa Notoginseng,etc). METHODS: The contents of ginseng saponin Rg_1,Rb_1 and notoginseng saponin R_1 were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The four effective components could be separated and purified by macroporous adsorptive resins of D_(101) and n-butanol,and their contents could be determined. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,feasible and reproducibility is good,it can be used as quality control in medicinal preparation.