The role of grid management in community risk governance: a case study in Yuelu, China.

Objective: In this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the risk prevention and control mechanism within the grid management model for community risk prevention. We emphasize the importance of thoroughly examining the risk prevention and control mechanism to enhance risk management efforts in urban communities, particularly in response to unforeseen outbreaks such as COVID-19. Methods: Case studies are widely acknowledged as one of the most effective approaches to examine governance in China. In this study, the "Yuelu Model" serves as an illustrative example to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of grid management in community risk governance. To ensure the validity of the case study, it is imperative to adhere to the principle of representativeness. The collection of case data involves a combination of primary and secondary sources, and supplementary information is obtained through follow-up investigations conducted via WeChat, telephone, and other means, thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. Results: Our analysis reveals significant findings regarding the impact of the grid management model, fulfilling a triple role as a "Social Safety Valve" in the management process: (1) Community stress reduction function, (2) Community alarm function, and (3) Community integration function. Furthermore, we explore the adaptability of the grid management mechanism in addressing community risks, highlighting its effectiveness and potential for broader application. Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that: Firstly, it is crucial to establish a shared information repository among different departments on a big data platform. Secondly, a dynamic government public information internal network should be established through collaborative efforts among multiple departments. Thirdly, implementing a regular (or periodic) early warning mechanism is essential. Lastly, the establishment of a high-quality talent team for power grid management is highly recommended. Our research provides valuable insights to enhance community risk governance.

Distributed Renewable Energy Management: A Gap Analysis and Proposed Blockchain-Based Architecture.

The heterogeneous and decentralized nature of renewable energy sources is too much to handle for traditional and centralized IT grid infrastructure. Blockchain technology can address many of the associated challenges. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art technology layers of grid system infrastructure, a proposed future state using blockchain technology, and gap analysis. The paper also contributes a set of architectural requirements for a blockchain-enabled future state and a proposed hybrid architecture using blockchain technology, verifiable credentials, and smart contracts. This architecture can uniquely support the technology layers critical to renewable energies, including system architecture, registries, grid management, billing, privacy, and interoperability.

[Epidemic Characteristics of the Novel Coronavirus Delta Variant in Guangzhou and Grid Crowd Management Based on Public Security Forensic Perspective].

ABSTRACT: Abstract： Objective To analyze the first epidemic spread of the novel coronavirus Delta variant in China based on public security forensic perspective, investigate its transmission characteristics, contributing factors, and epidemiologic research experience, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus variant. Methods Based on the information that public security forensic experts obtained from front-line epidemiologic research, the gender, age, place of residence, transmission route and infectivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and their close contacts in Guangzhou caused by the novel coronavirus Delta variant were analyzed. The basic reproduction number （R0） during this epidemic in Guangzhou was calculated. Results Among the 153 cases infected with novel coronavirus Delta variant in the epidemic, 63 cases were male and 90 cases were female, their age ranging from 1 to 92 years, with a median age of 49 years. The main route of transmission was close contact, including dining together, co-living, and close contact in the same residential building. There were 31 cases of family clusters, 25 of which were in Liwan District. The epidemic lasted from May 26 to May 29, and the R0 remained above 4.0. After May 30, R0 began to decline and remained below 1.0 from June 7. Conclusion The novel coronavirus Delta variant is highly infectious, the crowd is generally susceptible to infection and family cluster cases are easy to occur. So, it is necessary to precisely prevent and control this strain. Public security forensic experts have both medical literacy and criminal investigation capabilities, they can play a more professional role in epidemic prevention and control.

A novel marine spatial management tool for multiple conflicts recognition and optimization of marine functional zoning in the East China sea.

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is to manage incompatible functional use for achieving spatial homogeneity in sea. However most MSP strategies focus on single-target sea use demand ignoring multiple-conflicts of different demands. Thus, this study develops a spatial management model and quantitatively recognizes two types of spatial conflicts among eight sea use functions in the Zhejiang coasts, China. Under the simulation of three different management scenarios including independent, joint and overall-value managements respectively, we further propose a conflict optimization scheme in the scenarios of sea uses with different intensities, different types of sea use combinations, and different site selection. Most importantly, this study demonstrates the spatial management model is a powerful and efficient tool for spatial multiple-conflicts trade-off and matching sea use demands under the practical approach of marine functional zoning (MFC) in China.

FLEXGRID - A novel smart grid architecture that facilitates high-RES penetration through innovative flexibility markets towards efficient stakeholder interaction.

The FLEXGRID 2 project develops a digital platform designed to offer Digital Energy Services (DESs) that facilitate energy sector stakeholders (i.e. DSOs, TSOs, market operators, RES producers, retailers, flexibility aggregators) towards: i) automating and optimizing their investments and operation/management of their systems/assets, and ii) interacting in a dynamic and efficient way with their environment (electricity system) and the rest of the stakeholders. In this way, FLEXGRID envisages secure, sustainable, competitive, and affordable smart grids. A key objective is the incentivization of large-scale bottom-up investments in Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) through innovative smart grid management. Towards this goal, FLEXGRID develops innovative data models and energy market architectures (with high liquidity and efficiency) that effectively manage smart grids through an advanced TSO-DSO interaction as well as interaction between Transmission Network and Distribution Network level energy markets. Consequently, and through intelligence that exploits the innovation of the proposed market architecture, FLEXGRID develops investment tools able to examine in depth the emerging energy ecosystem and allow in this way: i) the financial sustainability of DER investors, and ii) the market liquidity/efficiency through advanced exploitation of DERs and intelligent network upgrades.

Impacts of COVID-19 related stay-at-home restrictions on residential electricity use and implications for future grid stability.

"Stay-at-home" orders and other health precautions enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to substantial changes in residential electricity usage. We conduct a case study to analyze data from 390 apartments in New York City (NYC) to examine the impacts of two key drivers of residential electricity usage: COVID-19 case-loads and the outdoor temperature. We develop a series of regression models to predict two characteristics of residential electricity usage on weekdays: The average occupied apartment's consumption (kWh) over a 9am-5pm window and the hourly peak demand (Watt) over a 12pm-5pm window. Via a Monte Carlo simulation, we forecast the two usage characteristics under a possible scenario in which stay-at-home orders in NYC, or a similar metropolitan region, coincide with warm summer weather. Under the scenario, the 9am-5pm residential electricity usage on weekdays is predicted to be 15% - 24% higher than under prior, pre-pandemic conditions. This could lead to substantially higher utility costs for residents. Additionally, we predict that the residential hourly peak demand between 12pm and 5pm on weekdays could be 35% - 53% higher than that under pre-pandemic conditions. We conclude that the projected increase in peak demand - which might arise if stay-at-home guidelines coincided with hot weather conditions - could pose grid management challenges, especially for residential feeders. We also note that, if there is a longer lasting shift towards work and study-from-home, utilities will have to rethink load profile considerations. The applications of our predictive models to managing future smart-grid technology are also highlighted.

Analysis of key issues and implementation strategies for grid management policy of the medical alliances / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the grid management strategy of medical alliances in Rizhao city, Shandong province, and to provide references for improvement of this policy.Methods:In August 2020, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 managers of three medical alliances in Rizhao city, regarding the objectives, specific measures, problems and influencing factors of the grid layout of the medical alliances. The grounded theory was used to sort out the interview data, along with the Mazmanian-Sabatier model for further analysis.Results:The analysis resulted in 8 main categories and 19 sub-categories, including theoretical and technical support, target group characteristics, policy causality theory, current status of policy directives, inter-agency relations, socioeconomic conditions and technology, public attitudes, and media campaigns. On this basis, a theoretical framework for the implementation of the grid layout of medical alliance was formed based on the Mazmanian-Sabatier model.Conclusions:The socio-economic conditions and technologies for implementing the grid-based management of medical alliances in Rizhao city were relatively mature, enjoying strong public support and good social response. But on the other hand, there were still such problems as unclear policies, imperfect mechanisms for synergy of interests among different subjects, and incomplete supporting policies. In the future, it is expected to form a policy implementation synergy, introduce supporting policies and strengthen primary teams building, in order to ensure the orderly promotion and long-term implementation of the policy.

Epidemic Characteristics of the Novel Coronavirus Delta Variant in Guangzhou and Grid Crowd Management Based on Public Security Forensic Perspective / 法医学杂志

Abstract： Objective To analyze the first epidemic spread of the novel coronavirus Delta variant in China based on public security forensic perspective, investigate its transmission characteristics, contributing factors, and epidemiologic research experience, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus variant. Methods Based on the information that public security forensic experts obtained from front-line epidemiologic research, the gender, age, place of residence, transmission route and infectivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and their close contacts in Guangzhou caused by the novel coronavirus Delta variant were analyzed. The basic reproduction number （R0） during this epidemic in Guangzhou was calculated. Results Among the 153 cases infected with novel coronavirus Delta variant in the epidemic, 63 cases were male and 90 cases were female, their age ranging from 1 to 92 years, with a median age of 49 years. The main route of transmission was close contact, including dining together, co-living, and close contact in the same residential building. There were 31 cases of family clusters, 25 of which were in Liwan District. The epidemic lasted from May 26 to May 29, and the R0 remained above 4.0. After May 30, R0 began to decline and remained below 1.0 from June 7. Conclusion The novel coronavirus Delta variant is highly infectious, the crowd is generally susceptible to infection and family cluster cases are easy to occur. So, it is necessary to precisely prevent and control this strain. Public security forensic experts have both medical literacy and criminal investigation capabilities, they can play a more professional role in epidemic prevention and control.

[Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Fugitive Dust Emission of Building Sites in Beijing].

Because of the continuous expansion of the city and the evacuation of non-core functions, the city pattern of Beijing has gradually changed in recent years. Based on many construction projects, building sites are widely distributed within the city. Therefore, fugitive dust emission is an important factor affecting the air quality in Beijing. This article focuses on the plain area in Beijing. Remote sensing was used to extract building sites from 2013 to 2017, analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the building sites, estimate the fugitive dust emission, and propose a grid-based emission classification management program. Research shows that the building sites form a belt surrounding the central urban area, mainly distributed in the urban-rural integration area. From 2013 to 2017, the area of the building sites first decreased and then increased. After 2015, the center of the building sites in Beijing shifted to the southeast and started to show an uneven distribution. The area of the building sites is positively correlated with the PM10 concentration. The correlation coefficients of 23 automatic ground monitoring stations are all above 0.80. Combined with the building site activity levels and emission factors, the estimated air pollutant emissions of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 from building sites in 2017 were 39.5×104, 19.4×104, and 4.0×104 t, respectively. The emission intensity of the pollution in the grid has developed towards polarization, which further increased the emission intensity of high-strength pollution grids. Based on standardized PM10 grid emissions of building suites, the plain area of Beijing can be divided into five categories:lower pollution, low pollution, medium pollution, high pollution, and higher pollution.