Assessment of Vitamin D Status in the Drâa-Tafilalet Population (Morocco) Based on Sociodemographic, Health, and Nutritional Factors.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and determine the factors influencing it in the Drâa-Tafilalet community (southeastern Morocco). Sociodemographic factors, health, cognitive status, sun exposure, and nutritional conditions were examined to help us understand their association with vitamin D status. Vitamin D data were gathered through laboratory testing, while demographic and health information was collected through interviews with participants in 2023. The study involved 100 participants aged 60 and above, most of whom were women (85%) rather than men (15%). The majority of participants were Arabs (90%), with a minority being Amazigh (10%). The average vitamin D level was 31.83 ± 10.55 ng/mL, varying based on participants' age, education, and gender. Sun-exposed individuals exhibited significantly higher mean vitamin D levels (33.56 ± 11.99 ng/mL) compared to those with limited sun exposure (28.97 ± 9.28 ng/mL). Moreover, the time spent outdoors, seasonal changes, and the duration of sun exposure affected the levels of vitamin D. These findings depict the vitamin D status of the elderly population of Drâa-Tafilalet, recognized as one of Morocco's poorest regions, shedding light on the significant influencers. Nonetheless, additional research is necessary to explore the correlation between dietary habits, sunlight exposure, and vitamin D levels in both young and elderly populations.

Evaluation of health factors on artificial intelligence and the internet of things-based older adults healthcare programmes.

Objective: This study evaluates Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things-based older adults' healthcare programmes (AI·IoT-OAHPs), which offer non-face-to-face and face-to-face health management to older adults for health promotion. Methods: The study involved 146 participants, adults over 60 who had registered in AI·IoT-OAHPs. This study assessed the health factors as the outcome of pre- and post-health screening and health management through AI·IoT-OAHPs for six months. Results: Preand post-health screening and management through AI·IoT-OAHPs were evaluated as significant outcomes in 14 health factors. Notably, the benefits of post-cognitive function showed a twofold increase in older female adults through AI·IoT-OAHPs. Adults over 70 showed a fourfold increase in post-walking days, a threefold in post-dietary practice, and a twofold in post-cognitive function in the post-effects compared with pre via AI·IoT-OAHPs. Conclusions: AI·IoT-OAHPs seem to be an effective program in the realm of face-to-face and non-face-to-face AI·IoT-based older adults' healthcare initiatives in the era of COVID-19. Consequently, the study suggests that AI·IoT-OAHPs contribute to the upgrade in health promotion of older adults. In future studies, the effectiveness of AI·IoT-OAHPs can be evaluated as a continuous project every year in the short term and every two years in the long term.

Association Between `Life's Essential 8` and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study From the NHANES Database.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the persistent inflammatory state it confers may lead to cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that `Life's Essential 8 (LE8)`, an indicator of cardiovascular health, was associated with the risk of several inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between LE8 and its subsets and the risk of periodontitis. METHODS: Data of participants who consented to periodontitis examinations were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) database (2009-2014). LE8 contains 4 health behaviours (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health) and 4 health factors (body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure) and was categorised into low (0-49), moderate (50-79), and high (80-100) levels. Covariates included demographic information, laboratory values, disease history, and medication history. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between LE8 and periodontitis, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) history were further assessed the association. RESULTS: A total of 5106 adults were included, of whom 2606 (51.04%) had periodontitis. After adjustment for age, gender, race, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, marital status, drinking, CVD, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, waist circumference (WC), vitamin D, and dental floss using, a high LE8 score (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.73), a higher health behaviours score (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.73), and a higher health factors score (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99) were associated with a lower occurrence of periodontitis, especially in adults who were male, younger than 60 years, and without a history of CVD. Moreover, the occurrence of periodontitis decreased when scores of total LE8, health factors, and health behaviours increased every 10 scores. CONCLUSIONS: LE8 score and its subscale scores were associated with lower odds of periodontitis. Promoting improved cardiovascular health may be beneficial to reduce the burden of periodontitis.

A cross-sectional study on quality of life of survivors of sexual assault.

Sexual assault is a grave violation of an individual's fundamental rights and has a profound impact on their physical and mental health. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the quality of life (QOL) experienced by survivors after such incidents. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the QOL of survivors of sexual assault and determine the factors that affect their physical and psychological domains. The study included 32 survivors, and data were collected using the WHO-QOL questionnaire and the modified Kuppuswamy scale. The results showed that survivors experienced poor QOL in both physical and psychological domains. Factors such as physical injuries, pregnancy following the assault, education, and psychiatric counseling significantly influenced survivors' QOL. The findings underscore the importance of routine psychiatric counseling, follow-up care for physical illnesses, rehabilitation, continuation of education and employment, and early detection of pregnancies to improve the QOL for survivors of sexual assault.

Associations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and Pain Interference in Post-9/11 Veterans: Exploring Sleep Impairment and Physical Activity as Underlying Mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and pain are highly prevalent and comorbid, particularly in veterans, but mechanisms explaining their linkage remain unclear. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) whether sleep impairment and physical activity (PA) mediate relations between PTSD symptoms and pain interference (assessed both longitudinally and as residual change) and (2) the unique roles of each PTSD symptom cluster in those relationships. METHODS: The present study is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal observational investigation of 673 post-9/11 veterans (45.8% women). Surveys were administered at baseline and 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS: PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with pain interference longitudinally and worsening pain interference over time. Sleep impairment, but not PA, significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and subsequent pain interference. Hyperarousal symptoms were found to be the primary driver of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and pain interference and re-experiencing symptoms were associated with change in pain interference via sleep impairment. Men and women did not differ on any of the study variables with the exception of PA. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore the importance of targeting sleep as a key modifiable health factor linking PTSD symptoms to pain interference in post-9/11 veterans.

The sex difference in self-rated health among older Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands: an exploratory study of contributing determinants.

BACKGROUND: Although being a woman and having a migration background are strong predictors of poor self-rated health among (older) adults, research on the sex difference in self-rated health among (older) migrants remains limited. This study therefore aims to investigate this topic and explore the contributing role of determinants of self-rated health. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 360 Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch adults aged 55-65 as part of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were used. Self-rated health (good versus poor) was measured by a single item question. Univariate age-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the sex difference in self-rated health and the contribution of sex differences in sensitivity (strength of the association) and/or exposure (prevalence) to socio-demographic, social, lifestyle or health-related determinants of self-rated health. RESULTS: Women had a 0.53 times lower odds (95%CI:0.40-0.82, p = 0.004) on good self-rated health compared to men. Women more often having a lower education level, living alone and having a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, chronic diseases and especially functional limitations contributed to the lower self-rated health among women. In contrast, men were more sensitive to the impact of memory complaints, depressive symptoms, visual difficulties and functional limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Older Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch women have a significant lower self-rated health compared to men. Women having a higher exposure to both socio-demographic and health-related determinants of self-rated health, which contributed to the sex difference. Future research should take these differences in self-rated health and determinants between women and men into account when investigating health among older migrants.

Life's Essential 8 and risk of incident heart failure in community population without cardiovascular disease: Results of the sub-cohort of China PEACE Million Persons Project.

OBJECTIVE: The American Heart Association has introduced the Life's Essential 8 metrics to evaluate and promote cardiovascular health (CVH) and we aimed to evaluate the association of CVH and incident heart failure (HF). METHODS: The China PEACE Million Persons Project is a population-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening study. This was a sub-cohort of the project that included individuals free of CVD at baseline. Components and classifications of CVH, including diet, physical activity, smoking status, sleep status, body mass index (BMI), non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL), blood glucose and blood pressure, were determined based on the Life's Essential 8. CVH status was categorized as poor, intermediate and ideal status. HF cases were identified by linking hospital records. RESULTS: Among the cohort (n = 38,571, median age 54 years and women 60.5%), proportion of individuals with poor, intermediate and ideal CVH was 30.7%, 56.9% and 12.4%. After a median follow-up of 3.56 years, the incidence of HF in individuals with poor, intermediate and ideal CVH was 2.5%, 1.1% and 0.5% respectively. Compared to poor CVH, intermediate (adjusted HR: 0.52 [95% CI: 0.43-0.61]) and ideal CVH (adjusted HR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.26-0.57]) were associated with a lower HF risk. A gradient of association between CVH and HF risk was observed (P-trend<0.001). Ideal physical activity, ideal smoking status, and intermediate and ideal status of BMI, blood glucose and blood pressure were associated with a lower HF risk. CONCLUSION: Poor CVH was associated with an increased risk of HF, and promotion of CVH may help prevent HF development.

Depressive and Anxious Symptoms Increase with Problematic Technologies Use Among Adults: The Effects of Personal Factors Related to Health Behavior.

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are a significant and growing health problem that has a significant impact on psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The onset and severity of mental health problems have been related to various biological, psychosocial, and behavioral variables. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the association among the severity of depression and anxiety, problematic information and communications technology (ICT) use, and some related personal factors with health behavior among adults. It also analyzes the moderating role of personal factors in the relationship between the problematic use of ICT and anxiety and depression. Patients and Methods: Descriptive, bivariate, multivariate and moderation analyzes of data from 391 participants of 35-74 years old in primary health care centers located in Aragón (Spain) were performed between July 2021 and July 2022. The primary outcome was the severity of depressive and anxious symptoms as continuous variable. Results: Low sense of coherence (ß = -0.058; p = 0.043), low self-esteem (ß = -0.171; p=0.002), and low self-efficacy (ß = -0.122; p= 0.001), are predictors of having more severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, low self-esteem (ß = -0.120; p= 0.012), low self-efficacy (ß = -0.092; p=0.004), and high problematic use of ICT (ß = 0.169; p = 0.001), are predictors of having more severe anxiety symptoms. Moderation analyzes were significant in the effect of self-efficacy (b = -0.040, p=0.001) and resilience (b = -0.024, p=0.033) on the relationship between problematic ICT use and anxiety. Conclusion: The problematic use of ICT and personal factors are related to depressive and anxiety symptoms. The interrelationship between problematic ICT use, personal factors, and depression needs to be further explored.

Sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive health factors associated with maternal knowledge and practice of infection prevention in neonates in North Dayi District, Ghana.

Background: Neonates are at a greater risk of infection, but data on the maternal knowledge and practice of infection prevention in neonates (IPNs) are scarce. This study aimed to assess sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive health factors associated with maternal knowledge and practice of IPNs in North Dayi District, Ghana. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted among 612 mothers. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection adapted from previous studies and the IPN guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Bivariable analyses were performed to determine the association between maternal knowledge and practice of IPNs and sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive health factors. Results: Analysis showed that less than one-fifth of the mothers (12.9%) had poor knowledge of IPNs, while 21.6% incorrectly practiced it. Mothers who had poor knowledge of IPNs [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 13.33 (95% CI: 7.69-23.26), p < 0.001] were more likely to have a poor practice of IPNs. Conclusion: About one-fifth of the mothers in this study had poor knowledge or poor practice of IPNs according to the WHO's guidelines. The Health Directorate of North Dayi District should explore the risk factors associated with poor IPNs and increase successful guideline adherence with intensified educational outreach and campaigns.

Mental health service use and associated predisposing, enabling and need factors in community living adults and older adults across Canada.

OBJECTIVES: Using Andersen's model of health care seeking behavior, we examined the predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with mental health service use (MHSU) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic across Canada. METHODS: The sample included n = 45,542 participants in the 5 established regional cohorts of the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (CanPath) and who responded to the CanPath COVID-19 health survey (May-December 2020), with complete data on MHSU. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to study MHSU as a function of predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Analyses were stratified by regional cohort. RESULTS: Among the need factors, individuals reporting moderate/severe symptoms of depression and anxiety and poorer self-rated mental health were more likely to report MHSU. Among the enabling factors, receipt of informational/financial/practical support was associated with increased MHSU. While income was not consistently associated with MHSU, reported decrease in income was marginally associated with reduced MHSU. Among the predisposing factors, identifying as female or other gender minority was associated with increased MHSU, as was the presence of past-year cannabis use. In contrast, older age and alcohol consumption were associated with reduced MHSU. CONCLUSION: Need factors were consistently associated with MHSU. Although income inequities in MHSU were not observed, changes such as reduced income during the pandemic may lead to barriers in accessing mental health services. Future research should focus on better identifying contextual enabling factors and policies that overcome financial barriers to MHSU.

Identification of Health Characteristics of People with Physical Disability by Applying the PRECEDE Model.

This study aimed to diagnose the health characteristics of people with grade 1-4 physical disability (but without intellectual disability) by analyzing factors affecting their health through social, epidemiological, behavioral, and ecological diagnoses by partially applying the PRECEDE model. Those registered with physical disability in 2022 and attending a welfare center were selected, with samples extracted from Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gyeongsang-do. A total of 1200 people were selected, and the data of 1000 people were finally analyzed. A frequency analysis was performed to identify the participants' characteristics. An independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed to verify the hypotheses. To clarify the relationship between each variable, normality verification, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis were performed. First, the differences in factors influencing health promotion according to personal background variables (gender, age, and income level), including quality of life, showed partial differences according to age and income level. Second, according to disability-related variables (time of onset and disability grade), quality of life and health status showed partial differences. These results can be used as basic data or indicators to build a health promotion system that considers the health characteristics of individuals with a physical disability.

An Investigation of Risk Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Transmission in South Africa Using Logistic Regression Model.

Background: South Africa has a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease and is currently not meeting the national and international reduction outcome targets. The TB prevalence rate of South Africa in 2015 was estimated at approximately 690 per 100,000 population per year, with an incidence rate of about 834 per 100,000 population. This study examines risk factors associated with development of TB in South Africa. Materials and Methods: This study utilised readily available open access secondary data of 2019 South African Health and Demographic Survey from Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) website, which was collected from self-reported information relating to TB in the household questionnaire. The factors analysed were of demographic, socio-economic and health nature. Bivariate and binary logistics analyses were carried out from which appropriate inferences were drawn on the association of TB with demographic, socio-economic and health factors. Results: In multivariate analysis the study revealed that age, personal weight, smoke, alcohol, asthma, province of residence, race and usually coughing were significantly associated with an increased risk of having TB. Conclusions and Recommendations: The results strongly suggest that young and older people coming from black and coloured ethic groups, who are asthmatic and cough frequently, and/or smoking and consuming alcohol are at high risk of developing TB. In addition, those who are overweight appear to have an increased risk of TB transmission, with the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, North West and Gauteng being the hardest hit provinces. Hence, the study recommends that these factors must be taken into account in the planning and development of TB policies in order to work successfully towards the achievement of sustainable development goal of reducing TB by 80% before 2030.

[The female health: status, causes of deterioration, measures of improvement].

The deterioration of health status of female population is recognized as one of the important medical social problems. On its resolution depends reproduction of population and improvement of social demographic indices in the Russian Federation. The female health can be considered as one of the indices of physical, spiritual and social well-being of family. One of significant aspects of considering importance of female health status is her attitude to issues of her own health. The situation is aggravated by increase of asocial behavior in young women, accompanied by decreasing of quality of life and significant loss of moral values. Besides, organization of treatment and prevention measures for early detection and reduction of gynecological morbidity does not meet modern requirements. The economic conditions and ecological situation negatively contribute to deterioration of female health. Such social factors as lack of work or threat of losing it, low per capita income, inadequate housing and poor-quality nutrition, harmful habits deteriorate health status of female population. The status of one's own health and disease prevention are in last place in female population. In modern conditions, due to employment overload, women pay no due attention to their own health, do not undergo medical examinations, rarely visit physicians as study results confirm. The female health protection is facilitated not only by medical and diagnostic measures, but also by wide range of preventive activities, formation of healthy lifestyle, favorable conditions for education, work and life, legal and social support of women during child-bearing and child-rearing. The female health protection goes far beyond scope of medical problem and requires corresponding management decision-making and inter-departmental measures on legal and financial support of motherhood and childhood. Therefore, protection and promotion of female health, including reproductive health, are necessary conditions of achieving national security and improving demographic indices of the Russian Federation.

Modeling of occupational safety and health factors in production organizations and the formation of measuring scales of occupational safety climate.

This article explores the impact of the main occupational safety and health (OSH) factors in the overall OSH climate of production organizations in the territory of the Republic of Serbia, South Serbia, as an important segment of their strategic development. The article aims to validate and test the proposed conceptual model of OSH. Hence, the SmartPLS methodology was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. The hypothesized model was developed and tested on a sample of 871 participants employed in production companies. The results indicate that the development of an OSH climate in production organizations primarily depends on the commitment of the management to the OSH system. The results obtained indicate that the methods used in this research can be successfully used in order to identify the OSH factors in the work process, and thus to manage the quality of the work environment.

Applying the NIA Health Disparities Research Framework to Identify Needs and Opportunities in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Research.

Disparities in the experience of chronic musculoskeletal pain in the United States stem from a confluence of a broad array of factors. Organized within the National Institute on Aging Health Disparity Research Framework, a literature review was completed to evaluate what is known and what is needed to move chronic musculoskeletal pain research forward specific to disproportionately affected populations. Peer-reviewed studies published in English, on human adults, from 2000 to 2019, and conducted in the United States were extracted from PubMed and Web of Science. Articles were reviewed for key words that focused on underrepresented ethnic/race groups with chronic musculoskeletal pain applying health factor terms identified in the NIAHealth Disparity Research Framework four levels of analysis: 1) environmental, 2) sociocultural, 3) behavioral, and 4) biological. A total of 52 articles met inclusion criteria. There were limited publications specific to underrepresented ethnic/race groups with chronic musculoskeletal pain across all levels with particular research gaps under sociocultural and biological categories. Current limitations in evidence may be supplemented by a foundation of findings specific to the broader topic of "chronic pain" which provides guidance for future investigations. Study designs including a focus on protective factors and multiple levels of analyses would be particularly meritorious. PERSPECTIVE: Chronic musculoskeletal pain unequally burdens underrepresented ethnic/race groups. In order to move research forward and to systematically investigate the complex array of factors contributing toward health disparities, an organized approach is necessary. Applying the NIA Health Disparities Research Framework, an overview of the current state of evidence specific to chronic musculoskeletal pain and underrepresented ethnic/race groups is provided with future directions identified.

Is Living in an Ethnic Enclave Associated With Cognitive Function? Results From the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in Chicago.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ethnic enclaves provide pivotal coping resources for immigrants, having important implications for cognitive health. This study examined the association between living in an ethnic enclave (i.e., Chinatown) and cognition, and potential moderating effect of education on such an association among Chinese older immigrants in the United States. We further examined subgroup differences based on preferred language (Mandarin, Cantonese, and Taishanese). RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3,105, mean age = 73). Global cognition, assessed by a battery including Mini-Mental State Examination, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function, was compared between those who lived in Chinatown (n = 1,870) and those who did not (n = 1,235). Linear regressions with interaction terms were performed in the entire sample and subsamples with different language preferences. RESULTS: Chinatown residents had significantly poorer cognition than non-Chinatown residents. Regression results identified both protective and risk factors for cognition associated with living in Chinatown. Among them, education (ß = 0.072, p < .001) played a salient role in explaining the cognitive disadvantage of Chinatown residents. Education also moderated the influence of Chinatown residence on cognition, but only among Mandarin speakers (ß = -0.027, p = .04). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Living in an ethnic enclave may be a risk factor for poor cognition for Chinese immigrants. Neighborhood-specific health assessment may facilitate early identification and prevention of cognitive impairment in this population. Studies need to examine divergent aging experiences of immigrants within single ethnic groups.

The Association Between Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: The study aimed to explore the association between Ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L) among rural population. Methods: This study included 20,683 participants aged 18-79 years from "the Henan Rural Cohort study". Generalized linear and Tobit regression models were employed to explore the associations of ICH with EQ-5D-5L utility scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, respectively. Results: The mean EQ-5D-5L utility scores and VAS scores were 0.962 ± 0.095 and 79.52 ± 14.02, respectively. Comparing with poor CVH participants (EQ-5D-5L utility scores and VAS scores: 0.954 ± 0.111 and 78.44 ± 14.29), people with intermediate and ideal CVH had higher EQ-5D-5L utility scores (0.969 ± 0.079 and 0.959 ± 0.099) and VAS scores (80.43 ± 13.65 and 79.28 ± 14.14). ICH scores were positively correlated with EQ-5D-5L utility scores (0.007 (0.004, 0.009)) and VAS scores (0.295 (0.143, 0.446)), respectively. Conclusions: Higher ICH scores is positive associated with better HRQoL in rural population, which suggests that improvement of cardiovascular health may help to enhance HRQoL among rural population.

Effects of different exercise interventions on heart rate variability and cardiovascular health factors in older adults: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Aging impairs physiological processes in the autonomic nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart rate variability (HRV), the beat-to-beat variations of successive heartbeats, is an indicator of cardiac autonomic control and cardiovascular health. Physical activity has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. However, no review has been conducted to summarize the effects of different exercise modalities on HRV in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of endurance, resistance, coordinative, and multimodal exercise interventions on resting HRV and secondary health factors in healthy older adults aged 60 years in average and over. METHODS: Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Ovid, and Cochrane Library) were searched for eligible studies published between 2005 and September 8th, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for potential inclusion. Outcome measures were changes in resting HRV indices, baroreflex sensitivity, blood pressure, body fat, body mass, body mass index, cardiac output, distance in the six-minute walking test, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and VO2 max or VO2 peak from pre to post intervention. The methodological quality of the final data set was assessed using two scales (TESTEX and STARDHRV). This review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020206606. RESULTS: The literature search retrieved 3991 articles, of which 13 were included in the review. Five studies used multimodal, three studies endurance, two studies resistance, two studies coordinative, and one study used an endurance and a resistance training intervention. The majority of the studies revealed significant positive effects on cardiac autonomic control, except for the resistance training interventions. All exercise modalities improved secondary health factors. The methodological quality assessment revealed a few criteria to improve the quality of and comparability between studies. CONCLUSION: This systematic review revealed beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic control in healthy older adults through endurance, coordinative, and multimodal training but not through resistance training. Secondary health factors improved after all types of physical interventions. Future investigations should more thoroughly adhere to methodological standards of exercise interventions and ECG recording for the assessment of autonomic regulation.

Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Cardiac Autonomic Control and Secondary Health Factors in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to summarize the existing literature on the effects of different exercise interventions on cardiac autonomic control and secondary health factors. Resting heart rate variability (HRV) was used as indicator of cardiac autonomic control. Secondary factors were related to factors that contribute to cardiovascular health. Studies examining the effects of endurance, resistance, multimodal, or coordinative training interventions in healthy participants aged between 45 and 60 years old on average were considered. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using two assessment scales (TESTEX and STARDHRV). PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020206606. The literature review retrieved eight studies fulfilling all inclusion criteria. Cardiac autonomic control and cardiovascular health improved after endurance and multimodal interventions. Resistance training had no significant impact on HRV or any secondary health factor. Coordinative exercise interventions showed inconclusive results regarding HRV but showed significant improvements in secondary health factors. The quality assessment tools revealed some methodological and reporting deficits. Despite the small number of studies, we suggest endurance and multimodal interventions including aerobic exercises for the enhancement of cardiac autonomic control and the reduction of cardiovascular risk in middle-aged adults. Further studies need to be conducted to examine the long-term effects of exercise in the midlife period.

[CHANGING OF SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND HEALTH OF OLDER WOMEN DURING COVID-19: OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS].

The social well-being and health of citizens of all countries has been greatly tested during the pandemic of COVID-19. The situation has exacerbated many social problems. Older women found themselves in a particularly difficult situation, who experienced increased psychological burden, deteriorating health conditions, and social isolation. Even the family had not always proved to be a way of improving the status of women. All this has led to the need to examine the real problems, the objective and subjective factors affecting women's social well-being and the ways in which older women are better off.