Modeling Climate Change Effects on Genetic Diversity of an Endangered Horse Breed Using Canonical Correlations.

The historical increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events in Spain during the last thirty years makes it a perfect location for the evaluation of climate change. Modeling the effects of climate change on domestic animals' genetic diversity may help to anticipate challenging situations. However, animal populations' short life cycle and patent lack of historical information during extended periods of time drastically compromise the evaluation of climate change effects. Locally adapted breeds' gene pool is the base for their improved resilience and plasticity in response to climate change's extreme climatic conditions. The preservation of these domestic resources offers selection alternatives to breeders who seek such improved adaptability. The Spanish endangered autochthonous Hispano-Arabian horse breed is perfectly adapted to the conditions of the territory where it was created, developed, and widespread worldwide. The possibility to trace genetic diversity in the Hispano-Arabian breed back around seven decades and its global ubiquity make this breed an idoneous reference subject to act as a model for other international populations. Climate change's shaping effects on the genetic diversity of the Hispano-Arabian horse breed's historical population were monitored from 1950 to 2019 and evaluated. Wind speed, gust speed, or barometric pressure have greater repercussions than extreme temperatures on genetic diversity. Extreme climate conditions, rather than average modifications of climate, may push breeders/owners to implement effective strategies in the short to medium term, but the effect will be plausible in the long term due to breed sustainability and enhanced capacity of response to extreme climate events. When extreme climatic conditions occur, breeders opt for mating highly diverse unrelated individuals, avoiding the production of a large number of offspring. People in charge of domestic population conservation act as catalyzers of the regulatory changes occurring during breeds' climate change adaptive process and may identify genes conferring their animals with greater adaptability but still maintaining enhanced performance. This model assists in determining how owners of endangered domestic populations should plan their breeding strategies, seeking the obtention of animals more resilient and adapted to climate-extreme conditions. This efficient alternative is focused on the obtention of increased profitability from this population and in turn ensuring their sustainability.

Valores normativos de exoftalmometría en individuos hispanos / Normative exophthalmometry values in Hispanic individuals

Propósito Se han establecido valores normativos de exoftalmometría en individuos caucásicos, asiáticos y negros. Aunque estudios anteriores han examinado las medidas perioculares en diferentes grupos raciales y étnicos, este estudio es el primero en establecer valores normativos de exoftalmometría en una población hispana de la ciudad de Nueva York. Métodos Este estudio de corte transversal fue aprobado por el IRB y cumple con HIPAA. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos hispanos. El grado de prominencia ocular (valor de exoftalmometría, VE) y la distancia interorbitaria (base de Hertel, DIO) se obtuvo mediante el uso del exoftalmómetro de Hertel. Las diferencias en VE entre sexos se evaluaron utilizando la prueba t para dos muestras. Se utilizó modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para determinar el efecto de la edad, el sexo y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en el VE. Resultados De los 277 individuos hispanos incluidos, 189 (68,2%) fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 63,0 años (DE=15,0). La media de la base de Hertel y del VE para todos los participantes fue de 92,0mm (DE=4,1) y 16,7mm (DE=2,4), respectivamente. Los valores medios de exoftalmometría de los hombres fueron significativamente más altos que los de las mujeres (17,6mm y 16,2mm, respectivamente, p≤0,001). Los VE más altos se asociaron positivamente con el sexo masculino (ß=−1,60, p<0,0001) y el IMC (ß=0,084, p=0,001), pero no con la edad. Conclusiones El VE en individuos hispanos es de 16,7mm, el cual es mayor que el reportado para la mayoría de los caucásicos y asiáticos, pero menor que el de los individuos negros. Un VE más alto se asocia significativamente con el sexo masculino y un mayor IMC. Este estudio es el primero en crear los valores normativos de exoftalmometría en una población hispana y que puede ser utilizado como herramienta de referencia para en el diagnóstico y control de enfermedades orbitarias (AU)

Purpose Normative exophthalmometry values have been established in Caucasians, Asians, and Black individuals. While prior studies have examined periocular measurements in different racial and ethnic groups, this study is the first to establish a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population in New York City. Methods This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. Adult patients self-identifying as Hispanic were included. The degree of ocular prominence (exophthalmometry value, EV) and the inter-orbital distance (Hertel's base, IOD) was obtained by Hertel exophthalmometry. Differences in EV between sexes were evaluated using two sample t-tests. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to determine the effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on EV. Results Of the 277 Hispanic individuals included, 189 (68.2%) were female and the mean age was 63.0 years (SD=15.0). The mean Hertel's base and mean EV for all participants was 92.0mm (SD=4.1) and 16.7mm (SD=2.4), respectively. Average exophthalmometry values for men were significantly higher than women's (17.6mm and 16.2mm, respectively, p≤0.001). Higher EVs were positively associated with male gender (ß=−1.60, p<0.0001) and BMI (ß=0.084, p=0.001), but not age. Conclusions The mean EV in Hispanic individuals is 16.7mm, higher than that reported for most Caucasians and Asians, but less than that of Black individuals. Higher EV is significantly associated with male sex and increased BMI. This study is the first to create a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population, which may serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to reference when diagnosing and monitoring orbital disease (AU)

Uso de los rayos X en la guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana

En Cuba, el primer departamento de rayos X se inauguró en el año 1907 por Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Poco se divulga un contacto previo durante el siglo XIX, en la guerra hispano-norteamericana. Este artículo describe el uso de los rayos X en la guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana y su importancia en la historia de la Radiología. Para esta contienda, la parte norteamericana preparó sus barcos hospitales. El ejército habilitó el Relief y el Missouri, mientras que la marina lo hizo con Solace. También se convirtieron en buques hospitales el Olivette y el Bay State. Todos contaban con equipos de rayos X. El capitán Borden publicó un libro en 1900 "El uso de los rayos Roentgen por el departamento médico de la armada estadounidense en la guerra con España (1898)" que marcó un antes y un después en el uso de los rayos X. Este fue un hecho trascendental para la historia de la Radiología y favoreció un avance considerable en la sanidad militar y civil.

In Cuba, the first X-ray department was set up in 1907 by Francisco Domínguez Roldán. Little is reported about a previous contact during the 19th century in the Spanish-Cuban-American war. This article describes the use of X-rays in the Spanish-Cuban-American war and its importance in the history of Radiology. For this war the American side prepared its hospital ships. The Army fitted out the Relief and the Missouri, while the Navy did it with the Solace. The Olivette and the Bay State also became hospital ships. All were equipped with X-ray equipment. Captain Borden published a book in 1900 "The Use of Roentgen Rays by the Medical Department of the U.S. Navy in the War with Spain (1898)" which marked a before and after in the use of X-rays. This was a transcendental fact for the history of Radiology and favored a considerable advance in military and civilian health.

Normative exophthalmometry values in Hispanic individuals.

PURPOSE: Normative exophthalmometry values have been established in Caucasians, Asians, and Black individuals. While prior studies have examined periocular measurements in different racial and ethnic groups, this study is the first to establish a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population in New York City. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study was IRB approved and HIPAA compliant. Adult patients self-identifying as Hispanic were included. The degree of ocular prominence (exophthalmometry value, EV) and the inter-orbital distance (Hertel's base, IOD) was obtained by Hertel exophthalmometry. Differences in EV between sexes were evaluated using two sample t-tests. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to determine the effect of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) on EV. RESULTS: Of the 277 Hispanic individuals included, 189 (68.2%) were female and the mean age was 63.0 years (SD = 15.0). The mean Hertel's base and mean EV for all participants was 92.0 mm (SD = 4.1) and 16.7 mm (SD = 2.4), respectively. Average exophthalmometry values for men were significantly higher than women's (17.6 mm and 16.2 mm, respectively, p ≤ 0.001). Higher EVs were positively associated with male gender (ß = -1.60, p < 0.0001) and BMI (ß = 0.084, p = 0.001), but not age. CONCLUSIONS: The mean EV in Hispanic individuals is 16.7 mm, higher than that reported for most Caucasians and Asians, but less than that of Black individuals. Higher EV is significantly associated with male sex and increased BMI. This study is the first to create a set of normative exophthalmometry values in a Hispanic population, which may serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to reference when diagnosing and monitoring orbital disease.

New Insights into the Medieval Hispano-Muslim Panel Painting: The Alfarje Found in a Balearic Casal (Spain).

Hispano-Muslim culture flourished during the Middle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. During the restoration of a Balearic nobiliary building (casal), several panels with polychrome decoration on the back side were found. They were part of an old Muslim wooden ceiling (alfarje). A multi-technique strategy including optical microscopy, infrared and µRaman spectroscopies, field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX), focused ion beam (FIB-FESEM-EDX), atomic force microscopy nanoindentation (AFM-NI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been applied in the analysis of these panel paintings and has provided morphological and compositional data that have led to the identification of the materials and artistic technique as well as the alteration mechanisms due to the natural aging and the adverse conditions of conservation. As a novelty, this study has confirmed the use of indigo as a blue pigment, an unusual material in Hispano-Muslim panel painting. Apart from the notable change in the visual appearance observed in the paintings, the study has also confirmed a change in the mechanical resistance in the paint layers. These changes have been induced by the combination of the chemical and microbiological alteration mechanisms identified.

Colaboración hispano-alemana en Bioquímica mantenida por miembros de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia y por otros bioquímicos españoles / Spanish-German collaboration in Biochemistry maintained by members of the Royal Academy National of Pharmacy and by other Spanish biochemists

Considerada la Bioquímica alemana como la pionera en el mundo, ya en la etapa inicial de la misma, hacia 1872, se estableció la primera vinculación entre el Profesor alemán fundador de esta disciplina, Felix von Hoppe-Seyler, y el Catedrático español de Química Orgánica Laureano Calderón Arana. Después, algunos de los Catedráticos de la recién establecida asignatura de Química Biológica, cuya enseñanza se impartía únicamente en la Facultad de Farmacia madrileña para los alumnos de Doctorado (común a Farmacia, Medicina y Ciencias), mantuvieron esta relación, aunque menos intensa, con sus colegas germanos. Pero, a partir de 1928, el que sería Premio Nobel, Dr. Severo Ochoa, trabajó durante largos periodos en prestigiosos Departamentos de Berlín y Heidelberg. Y ya en época reciente, bioquímicos pertenecientes a la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia (RANF) han continuado esta vinculación colaborando en diversos Departamentos alemanes. Por otro lado, bioquímicos germanos han impartido conferencias en Universidades españolas, invitados por sus colegas hispanos, además de hacerlo en congresos o simposios en España. Asimismo, algunos de ellos han sido miembros de la RANF. (AU)

German can be considered as world pioneer in the development of Biochemistry. Its founder, Prof. Felix von Hoppe-Seyler, established contacts with the Spanish Professor of Organic Chemistry, Laureano Calderón Arana, since the onset of this subject around 1872. Later, some other Professors of the newly created Química Biológica, which was taught only at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Madrid as a subject common to doctoral students in Pharmacy, Medicine and Science, maintained a connection, albeit minor, with their German colleagues. From 1928, Dr. Severo Ochoa, who would subsequently win a Nobel Prize, worked for long periods in the prestigious Departments at Berlin and Heidelberg. More recently, other biochemists, members of the Royal Academy National of Pharmacy (RANF), have followed this connection with several German Departments. Furthermore, German biochemists have delivered lectures in Spanish Universities invited by their Spanish colleagues, in addition to their participation in Spanish symposia. Moreover, several German biochemists have been RANF members. (AU)

Transición saludable del inmigrante hispano: derivación de una teoría de rango medio / Healthy transition of hispanic immigrant: derivation from a middle-range theory

Objetivo principal: Proponer una teoría de rango medio de enfermería para dar explicación al fenómeno del estrés de aculturación que presenta el inmigrante hispano durante su transición en los Estados Unidos de América. Metodología: Se efectuó la metodología de derivación teórica de Jacqueline Fawcett. Resultados principales: La teoría pone de manifiesto los factores personales, sociales y del entorno que impiden la transición del inmigrante hispano en los Estados Unidos de América, además expone un conjunto de proposiciones para el logro de una transición saludable. Conclusión principal: La teoría de la transición saludable contribuye al diseño de intervenciones de enfermería en el proceso de cambio de una cultura, para el logro, adopción y dominio de estrategias personales, sociales y del entorno, que contribuyan en la obtención de una transición saludable en el país receptor. (AU)

Objective: To propose a middle-range nursing theory to explain the phenomenon of acculturation stress that the Hispanic immigrant presents during their transition to the United States of America. Methods: The theory derivation methodology of Jacqueline Fawcett was carried out. Results: The theory reveals the personal, social and environmental factors that impede the transition of the Hispanic immigrant in the United States of America. In addition, this theory exposes a set of propositions for the achievement of a healthy transition. Conclusions: The theory of healthy transition contributes to the design of nursing interventions in the process of changing a culture, for the achievement, adoption and mastery of personal, social and environmental strategies that contribute to obtaining a healthy transition in the host country. (AU)

This is not just any FODMAP diet: Hispanic adaptation of the FODMAP diet and a reintroduction guide / Esta no es una dieta FODMAP cualquiera: adaptación hispana de la dieta FODMAP y una guía de reintroducción

Short-chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and rapidly fermented by bacteria. Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) content of a wide range of foods has been measured. However, the list of foods allowed, as well as the quantities of FODMAP each food differ between studies, making the management of the low FODMAP diet difficult.The aim of this research was to propose a FODMAP diet guide culturally adapted to different Hispanic countries for dietitians-nutritionists and nutrition experts, to facilitate the management of patients who benefit from this diet.A consortium of FODMAP diet experts was created among Spanish-speaking countries. Dieticians from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) and Spain elaborated a low FODMAP diet adjusted each to the gastronomic culture of their own country. They also created a list of foods to be reintroduced in phase 2 (or reintroduction phase) of the FODMAP diet, along with typical recipes from the country.Twelve low FODMAP diets with their corresponding reintroduction phase were designed, each adapted to the commonly consumed foods and recipes of each country. The adaptation of the diet to local gastronomy is pertinent, as it may increase the likelihood of durable adherence and better response to symptomatology.There are limitations in developing tables of FODMAP-rich and FODMAP-poor foods. The cut-off levels of FODMAP content are not clearly defined. More studies are needed to reach a unified consensus, as inconsistency in the data provided between studies has been found in relation to the FODMAP diet.(AU)

Los carbohidratos de cadena corta y los alcoholes de azúcar se absorben mal en el intestino delgado y las bacterias los fermentan rápidamente. Se ha medido el contenido de oligo, di, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAP) de una amplia gama de alimentos. Sin embargo, la lista de alimentos permitidos, así como las cantidades de FODMAP de cada alimento, difieren entre estudios, lo que dificulta el manejo de la dieta baja en FODMAP.El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una guía dietética FODMAP adaptada culturalmente a diferentes países hispanos para facilitar a dietistas-nutricionistas y expertos en nutrición el manejo de los pacientes que se benefician de la dieta baja en FODMAP.Se creó un consorcio de expertos en dieta FODMAP entre países de habla hispana. Dietistas de 11 países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela) y España elaboraron una dieta baja en FODMAP ajustada cada una a la cultura gastronómica del país. También crearon una lista de alimentos para ser reintroducidos en la fase 2 (o fase de reintroducción) de la dieta FODMAP, junto con recetas típicas del país.Se diseñaron doce dietas bajas en FODMAP con su correspondiente fase de reintroducción, cada una adaptada a los alimentos y recetas de consumo común de cada país. La adaptación de la dieta a la gastronomía local fue pertinente, ya que puede aumentar la adherencia a la dieta y una mejor respuesta a la sintomatología.Existen limitaciones en el desarrollo de tablas de alimentos ricos y pobres en FODMAP. Los niveles de corte del contenido de FODMAP no están claramente definidos. Se necesitan más estudios para alcanzar un consenso unificado, ya que se ha encontrado inconsistencia en los datos proporcionados en estudios relacionados con la dieta FODMAP.(AU)

Estresores de aculturación de los inmigrantes hispanos en Estados Unidos de América. Revisión sistemática exploratoria / Stressors during the process of culture adaptation of hispanic migrants in the United States of America: An exploratory systematic review / Estressores de aculturação de imigrantes hispânicos nos Estados Unidos da América. Revisão sistemática exploratoria

RESUMEN Introducción: Los inmigrantes hispanos que se desplazan hacia Estados Unidos experimentan una transición migratoria altamente estresante, padeciendo alteraciones en la salud que continúan después de su llegada, lo que puede dificultar su adaptación a la nueva cultura. Identificar los factores más estresantes en el inmigrante hispano en su proceso de aculturación es primordial para el diseño de intervenciones puntuales y oportunas, donde el personal de enfermería es un elemento central para ello. Objetivo: Identificar los estresores de aculturación que presentan los inmigrantes hispanos en Estados Unidos. Desarrollo: Mediante un análisis numérico de los datos cuantitativos y el análisis temático de los hallazgos cualitativos, sugerido por metodología para revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias, se identificaron estresores personales, del entorno, sociales y globales, que enfrentan los inmigrantes hispanos. De igual manera, se describen las principales repercusiones a la salud tales como: angustia, ansiedad, depresión, ideación suicida, riesgo de consumo de alcohol, conductas sexuales de riesgo, entre otras, que se derivan de dicho proceso de transición. Conclusiones: Los encuentros más comunes entre el profesional de enfermería se dan durante momentos de transición de las personas, por ello es importante resaltar que la transición cultural de los inmigrantes hispanos es acompañada de estresores que afectan directamente su salud. El presente estudio muestra y clasifica los estresores más comunes, evidencia la necesidad de la creación de estrategias encaminadas a la adaptación social del inmigrante hispano y el involucramiento de la enfermería tanto en el diseño como liderazgo de estas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hispanic migrants who settle in the United States experience a highly stressful transition period, which not only has an impact on their process of adaptation to the new culture but also on their health. Therefore, identifying stressing factors which influence the hispanic migrants during their process of culture adaptation is a key goal in the design and implementation of timely interventions led by nursing professionals. Objective: To identify stressing factors which have an influence on the process of culture adaptation of hispanic migrants in the United States. Development: Based on the numeric analysis of quantitative data, and the thematic analysis of the qualitative data which was informed by an exploratory systematic review methodology, personal, social, global stressors were identified influencing hispanic migrants in the United States. Among the identified health issues were: anguish, anxiety, depresion, suicide thoughts, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behaviors. Conclusions: The present study showed some important stressors influencing the hispanic migrants in the United States in their process of culture adaptation. These factors can be considered by the nursing professionals who are addressing the process of social adaptation of these populations.

RESUMO Introdução: Os imigrantes hispânicos que se mudam para os Estados Unidos passam por uma transição migratória altamente estressante, sofrendo alterações de saúde que continuam após sua chegada, o que pode dificultar sua adaptação à nova cultura. Identificar os fatores mais estressantes para os imigrantes hispânicos em seu processo de aculturação é essencial para a concepção de intervenções oportunas, nas quais o pessoal de enfermagem é um elemento central para isso. Objetivo: Identificar os estressores de aculturação entre os imigrantes hispânicos nos Estados Unidos. Desenvolvimento: Através de uma análise numérica dos dados quantitativos e análise temática dos resultados qualitativos, sugeridos pela metodologia de revisões sistemáticas exploratórias, foram identificados os estresses pessoais, ambientais, sociais e globais enfrentados pelos imigrantes hispânicos. Da mesma forma, são descritas as principais repercussões na saúde, tais como: angústia, ansiedade, depressão, ideação suicida, risco de consumo de álcool, comportamentos sexuais de risco, entre outros, que são derivados deste processo de transição Conclusões: Os encontros mais comuns entre os profissionais de enfermagem ocorrem durante os momentos de transição das pessoas, portanto é importante salientar que a transição cultural dos imigrantes hispânicos é acompanhada por fatores de estresse que afetam diretamente sua saúde. Este estudo mostra e classifica os fatores de estresse mais comuns, demonstra a necessidade da criação de estratégias voltadas para a adaptação social do imigrante hispânico e o envolvimento da enfermagem tanto no desenho quanto na liderança dessas estratégias.

Amelanotic iris melanoma in a 7 year-old hispanic boy with subclinical globe perforation. / Melanoma amelanótico del iris en un niño hispano de 7 años con perforación del globo subclínica.

We report an unusual case of an amelanotic melanoma in a 7 year old hispanic child with subclinical globe perforation. Uveal melanoma rarely occurs in children. Young affected patients are mostly light-colored eye Caucasian adolescents. Since they are not common, these tumors are usually not recognized and misdiagnosed. Differential diagnoses and therapeutic options are outlined.

Hispanic Ethnicity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013 / Riesgo cardiovascular entre Hispano-Americanos residiendo en los Estados Unidos: El sistema conductual de vigilancia de factores de riesgo 2013

ABSTRACT Background: Although the leading cause of death among Hispanics living in the United States (US) is cardiovascular disease (CVD), the association between Hispanic ethnicity and CVD has been scarcely explored. Objective: To examine whether being Hispanic is associated with an increased risk of CVD compared with the non-Hispanic US adult population in 2013. Methods: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in 2013 (n=486,905). The main exposure variable was Hispanic ethnicity (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban or Spanish origin) and the main outcome variable was self-reported CVD (myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease/angina). The main covariates were sex, age, education, income, healthcare access, exercise, body mass index, current smoking, heavy drinking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were used to assess the effect between ethnicity and self-reported CVD. Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: In total, 12% of the study participants were Hispanic (n=57,257). Approximately 24% of Hispanics were 25-34 y/o while (21%) of non-Hispanic were >65 y/o. After adjustment, Hispanics were 30% less likely to report CVD compared with non-Hispanics (OR=0.7; 99%; CI=0.6-0.8). Compared with men, women had a 40% decreased risk of having CVD (OR=0.60; 99% CI=0.5-0.6). Advanced age, lower educational attainment, income <$15,000/year, lack of exercise, smoking, non-heavy drinking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia increased statistically significantly the likelihood of reporting CVD. Conclusion: The findings suggest that, in general, Hispanics residing in the US are significantly less likely to self-declare if they had a CVD compared with non-Hispanic Americans. These data suggest that although Hispanics are generally poorer and have less access to education and health services, their self-perceived health is better than in non-Hispanic residents of the US.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es una de las mayores causas de defunción entre los hispanos que viven en los EE. UU, la asociación entre la etnia hispana y la ECV apenas se ha explorado. Objetivo: Examinar si ser hispano se asocia con un mayor riesgo de padecer ECV en comparación con la población adulta no Hispana de los EE. UU, basados en los datos de la encuesta nacional sobre factores de riesgo conductuales del 2013. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de datos secundario de la información obtenida del Sistema de Vigilancia del Factor de Riesgo Conductual (BRFSS) para estudiar la asociación entre origen étnico (hispanos: mexicano, puertorriqueño, cubano o de origen español vs. no hispanos) y la ECV en los encuestados a través del sistema BRFSS. Utilizamos una regresión logística para obtener modelos ajustados y no ajustados para evaluar el efecto de las características de la población seleccionada en participantes que informaron tener o no ECV. Resultados: En este estudio se incluyeron 486905 adultos, (48% hombres) y 57257 (11,8%) que se autodefinieron como hispanos. Aproximadamente el 24% de los hispanos tenían entre 25 y 34 años, mientras que un 21% de los no hispanos tenían más de 65 años. Después del ajuste de variables, los hispanos tenían un 30% menos de probabilidades de reportar una ECV en comparación con los no hispanos (OR = 0.7, 99% CI = 0.6-0.8); las mujeres mostraron un 40% menos de probabilidades de presentar una ECV (OR = 0,60; IC del 99% = 0,5-0,6). Tener más edad, menos nivel de educación formal, ganar menos de <$ 15000 / año, el sedentarismo, el tabaquismo, el consumo excesivo de alcohol, la diabetes, la hipertensión y la hiperlipidemia aumentaron significativamente la probabilidad de presentar una ECV. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que en general, los hispanos que residen en los EE. UU, especialmente mujeres, tuvieron una probabilidad significativamente menor de autoreportar que tuvieron una ECV en comparación con los norteamericanos no hispanos.

Mineralogical Characterization of Hispano-Moresque Glazes: A µ-Raman and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) Study.

This work explores the combination of µ-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) for the study of the glazes in 15th-16th century Hispano-Moresque architectural tiles. These are high lead glazes that can be tin-opacified or transparent, and present five colors: tin-white, cobalt-blue, copper-green, iron-amber, and manganese-brown. They are generally homogenous and mineral inclusions are mostly concentrated in the glaze-ceramic interface. Through SEM-EDS, these inclusions were observed and chemically analyzed, whereas µ-Raman allowed their identification on a molecular level. K-feldspars, wollastonite and diopside were the most common compounds, as well as cassiterite agglomerates that render the glaze opaque. Malayaite was identified in green glazes, and andradite and magnesioferrite in amber glazes. Co-Ni-ferrites were identified in blue glazes, as well as Ni-Fe-olivines. Manganese-brown is the color where most compounds were identified: bustamite, jacobsite, hausmannite, braunite, and kentrolite. Through the µ-Raman analysis of different areas in large inclusions previously observed by SEM, it was possible to identify intermediate phases that illustrate the reaction process that occurs between the color-conferring compounds and the surrounding lead glaze. Furthermore, the obtained results allowed inference of the raw materials and firing temperatures used on the manufacture of these tiles.

Differential diagnosis of a neoplastic condition in a prehistoric juvenile individual from La Falda site, Northwest Argentina.

Bone neoplasms or tumors are of great interest for paleopathological studies due to their close relationship with health and survivorship as well as for their epidemiologic and demographic relevance. However, the identification of these lesions in archaeological specimens is very uncommon. The aim of this paper is to report the case of skeleton R5 E#1 from the prehistoric cemetery La Falda, in the Northwest region of Argentina. During the osteopathological analysis of the skeletal series, proliferative lesions in several bones of the skeleton of a 7-10-year-old juvenile were observed (i.e., both scapulae; left clavicle, humerus, and ulna, both os coxae, femora, and fibulae, and right foot bones). Age-at-death estimation, location and distribution pattern, and morphological appearances of the lesions indicated that this juvenile suffered from a neoplastic condition. A comprehensive differential diagnosis was carried out, suggesting that these lesions were compatible with hereditary multiple osteochondromas. However, Ewing's sarcoma was not definitively ruled out as a probable diagnosis. Thus, this work adds new evidence to the existence of neoplastic conditions in the prehistoric populations of the Americas, and it contributes original data to perform a differential diagnosis for multiple proliferative lesions.

Biopsy-proven renal involvement and prognosis in 13 hispanic patients with primary Sjögren syndrome. / Afección renal confirmada mediante biopsia y pronóstico en 13 pacientes hispanos con síndrome de Sjögren primario.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe a case series of 13 Hispanic patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and biopsy-proven renal involvement. METHODS: We describe the clinical, serological and histological characteristics as well as the prognosis in a group of patients with pSS and biopsy-proven renal involvement, treated in 2 referral nephrology units in Mexico City. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with pSS underwent kidney biopsy (KB) over a period of 27 years. The median duration from pSS diagnosis to KB was 13.9 months. Seven patients (54%) had glomerulonephritis and 6 patients (46%) had tubulointerstitial nephritis. All patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Eight patients (62%) remained stable or their renal function improved after a median follow-up of 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This case series reflects the broad spectrum of renal involvement in pSS. We observed that in our Hispanic population, glomerular involvement was the most frequent abnormality, mainly membranous glomerulopathy, followed by tubulointerstitial disease. Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were also common biopsy findings. Treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents appear to slow renal disease progression.

Exploring self-efficacy and perceived HIV risk among socioeconomically disadvantaged hispanic men / Exploración de la autoeficacia y la percepción de riesgo de VIH entre hombres hispanos de desventaja socioeconómica

The prevalence of HIV in Chile predominately affects the male population with the primary mode of transmission (99%) through sexual contact. In order to engage in safe sexual practices, men must have high sexual self-efficacy and perceived risk of infection, however, little research examines these variables with respect to HIV prevention. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on self-efficacy and its connection with perceived HIV risk among Hispanic men, in order to direct future HIV prevention interventions among Chilean men. A literature search was conducted to identify studies for this review using three databases. A combination of Sullivan C., Ferrer l., Irarrázabal L., Villegas C., Cianelli R., Peragallo N. 43 2017, Horiz Enferm, 28,1,42-50 keywords was used to conduct the search and a total of 34 articles were analyzed. All of the articles reviewed examined the Hispanic male population with respect to either self-efficacy or perceived risk, or a combination of the two. Major themes emerging from the review include: substance use, condom use, cultural norms, relationship communication, negotiation, and homonegativity. The existing studies provide evidence for preventing future HIV infection among low socioeconomic status Chilean males and begin to establish a positive relationship between self-efficacy and perceived HIV risk. While additional studies are needed to provide further support, self-efficacy and perceived risk should be integral aspects of future prevention interventions.

La prevalencia del VIH en Chile afecta predominantemente a la población masculina con el principal modo de transmisión (99%) a través del contacto sexual. Para practicar el sexo seguro, los hombres deben teneruna alta autoeficacia sexual y la percepción del riesgo de infección, sin embargo, poca investigación examina estas variables con respecto a la prevención del VIH. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura existente sobre la autoeficacia y su relación con el riesgo de VIH percibida entre los hombres hispanos, a dirigir las futuras intervenciones de prevención del VIH entre los hombres chilenos. Una búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó para identificar los estudios para esta revisión utilizando tres bases de datos. Una combinación de palabras clave se utiliza para llevar a cabo la búsqueda y se analizaron un total de 34 artículos. Todos los artículos revisados examinaron la población masculina hispana con respecto a auto-eficacia y percepción de riesgofrente al VIH. Los temas principales que surgieronde la revisión incluyen: el uso de sustancias, el uso del condón, las normas culturales, la comunicación y la relación de negociación, y homonegatividad. Los estudios existentes proporcionan evidencia para prevenir una futura infección por VIH entre los hombres de estado socioeconómico bajo chilenas y comenzar a establecer una relación positiva entre la autoeficacia y el riesgo de VIH percibido. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para proporcionar más apoyo, autoeficacia y el riesgo percibido debe ser parte integrante de las intervenciones de prevención para el futuro.

Reducing the Risk of Internalizing Symptoms among High-risk Hispanic Youth through a Family Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Familias Unidas is an intervention that has been found to be efficacious in preventing and reducing substance use, sexual risk, and problem behaviors among Hispanic youth. While it does not specifically target youth internalizing symptoms, the intervention works to strengthen parenting and family factors associated with reduced risk of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety symptoms). This study examines the effects of Familias Unidas on internalizing symptoms among high-risk youth, as well as the role of family level factors in the intervention's effects. A total of 242 12-17-year-old Hispanic youth with a history of delinquency and their primary caregivers were recruited from the school and juvenile justice systems, and randomly assigned to the Familias Unidas intervention or community practice control. A linear latent growth model was used to examine intervention effects on the trajectory of adolescent internalizing symptoms from baseline to 6 and 12 months post-baseline. Results show that the Familias Unidas intervention was more efficacious than control in reducing youth internalizing symptoms. Baseline youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms did not moderate the intervention's effects on the trajectory of youth internalizing symptoms. While parent-adolescent communication did not significantly moderate the intervention's effects, changes in parent-adolescent communication mediated the intervention's effects on internalizing symptoms, showing stronger intervention effects for youth starting with poorer communication. Findings indicate that the Familias Unidas intervention can reduce internalizing symptoms among high-risk Hispanic youth, and that improving parent-youth communication, a protective family factor, may be one of the mechanisms by which the intervention influences youth internalizing symptoms.

A Path Analysis of Latino Parental, Teenager and Cultural Variables in Teenagers' Sexual Attitudes, Norms, Self-Efficacy, and Sexual Intentions / Análise da trajetória dos pais latinos, variáveis culturais nas atitudes sexuais dos adolescentes, normas, auto-eficácia, e intenções sexuais / Análisis de ruta de padres latinos, adolescente y variables culturales en actitudes sexuales de los adolescentes, normas, autoeficacia e intenciones sexuales

to test a theoretical model based on the Parent-Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior examining relation between selected parental, teenager and cultural variables and Latino teenagers' intentions to engage in sexual behavior.

testar um modelo teórico com base na Expansão Parental da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, examinando a relação entre pais selecionados, adolescentes e variáveis culturais e as intenções dos jovens latinos ao se envolverem com comportamento sexual.

poner a prueba un modelo teórico basado en " Parent-Based Expansion " y con base en la teoría del comportamiento planificado para examinar la relación entre los padres seleccionados, adolescente y variables culturales, como también en las intenciones de los adolescentes latinos a participar en el comportamiento sexual.

Use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants residing in Seville / Utilización de servicios sanitarios de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos residentes en Sevilla / Utilização de serviços sanitários dos imigrantes latino-americanos adultos residentes em Sevilla

Objetivo.Describir la utilización de los servicios sanitarios de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de Sevilla. Metodología.Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el que participaron 190 inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de 25 a 44 años residentes en la ciudad de Sevilla (España) en 2011. Se aplicó una encuesta que fue respondida por autorreporte. Resultados.En el último año, el 67% de las personas ha visitado al médico y un 23% ha acudido a la consulta de enfermería. El 14% de los inmigrantes que acudió a un centro sanitario reportó que su experiencia fue peor que la de otros. La prevalencia anual por accidentes fue: 10% doméstico, 4% de tránsito y 9% ocupacional; cerca de la mitad de estos accidentes justificaron la atención de urgencias o la hospitalización por su severidad. El modelo de regresión logística mostró que utilizaron más los servicios de salud las mujeres, quienes tenían mal estado de salud autopercibida, los que tenían estudios secundários y universitarios y los solteros. Conclusión. La población estudiada presenta una adecuada utilización de los servicios sanitarios, aunque sería recomendable implementar actividades preventivas por parte de la enfermera en el ámbito laboral y familiar del inmigrante para reducir la accidentabilidad descrita por este colectivo.

Objective. This work sought to describe the use of health services by adult Latin American immigrants from Seville. Methodology. This was a descriptive cohort study with the participation of 190 adult Latin American immigrants from 25 to 44 years of age, residing in the city of Seville (Spain) in 2011. A self-report survey was applied. Results. Within the past year, 67% of the individuals have visited a physician and 23% have attended nursing consultation. A total of 14% of the immigrants who called on a healthcare center reported that their experience was worse than that of others. La annual prevalence by accidents was: 10% domestic, 4% traffic-related and 9% occupational; nearly half these accidents justified emergency care or hospitalization due to their severity. The logistic regression model revealed that health services were used mostly by: women, those in poor self-perceived health status, those with secondary level of education, the elderly, and those who were single. Conclusion. The population studied presents adequate use of health services, although it would be recommendable to implement prevention activities by nurses in the immigrant's work and family environment to reduce the accident incidence described by this group.

Objetivo. Descrever a utilização dos serviços sanitários dos imigrantes latino-americanos adultos de Sevilla. Metodologia.Estudo descritivo de corte no que participaram 190 imigrantes latino-americanos adultos de 25 a 44 anos residentes na cidade de Sevilla (Espanha) em 2011. Aplicou-se uma enquete que foi respondida por auto-relatório. Resultados. No último ano 67% das pessoas visitaram ao médico e um 23% foi à consulta de enfermagem. 14% dos imigrantes que foram a um centro sanitário reportaram que sua experiência foi pior do que a de outros. A prevalência anual por acidentes foi: 10% doméstico, 4% de trânsito e 9% ocupacional; cerca da metade destes acidentes, justificaram o atendimento de urgências ou a hospitalização por sua severidade. O modelo de regressão logística mostrou que utilizaram mais os serviços de saúde: as mulheres, os que tinham mau estado de saúde auto-percebida, os que tinham estudos secundários e maiores e os solteiros. Conclusão.A população estudada apresenta uma adequada utilização dos serviços sanitários, ainda que seria recomendável implementar atividades preventivas por parte da enfermeira no âmbito trabalhista e familiar do imigrante para reduzir a acidentalidade descrita por este coletivo.

Nursing's role in advance care planning for hispanic / latino individuals / El papel de enfermería en la planificación anticipada de la atención de las personas hispanas / latinas

End-of-life care decisions are challenging for most people and cultural beliefs may facilitate or hinder such decisions. Advance care planning provides a venue to interact with and communicate to healthcare professionals a person's documented health and medical treatment wishes at end of life. Open communication, cultural accommodation, and mutual understanding among the healthcare provider, patient, andfamily are key to effective advance care planning. This article discusses how Hispanic / Latino people address end-of-life care and what cultural aspects are especially relevant for this population. The nurse's role in assisting Hispanics / Latinos with advanced care planning is presented at various levels of the nursing professional spectrum.

Las decisiones relacionadas con las fases terminales de la vida son difíciles para la mayoría de las personas. Las creencias culturales pueden facilitar o dificultar dichas decisiones. La planeación adelantada del cuidado provee el mecanismo para interactuar y comunicarse con los profesionales de la salud sobre los deseos de la persona para el final de su vida. La comunicación abierta, la adaptación cultural y el entendimiento mutuo entre el proveedor de la salud, el paciente y la familia son la clave para una planeación adelantada efectiva. Este artículo analiza cómo la gente hispano/latina enfrenta las fases terminales de la vida y qué aspectos culturales tienen una relevancia especial para esta población. El papel del personal de enfermería que trabaja con los hispano/latinos en la planeación de las fases terminales de la vida es presentado en los varios niveles profesionales de enfermería.

Factores asociados al uso de prótesis dentales o a problemas reportados en dientes o encías con uso de prótesis orales en adultos mayores de origen México Americanos / Associated factors with the use of dentures or reported dental and gum problems

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores asociados al uso de prótesis dentales o a problemas orales en dientes o encías al usar las prótesis dentales en adultos mayores de origen México Americanos del estudio EPESE (Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly) hispano en los Estados Unidos. Se hizo un análisis transversal incluyendo 2992 hombres y mujeres de 65 años o mas entrevistados durante 1993-1994. El 44% de los ancianos reportaron el uso de prótesis dentales parciales o totales. Dentro de las personas que usan prótesis dentales, el 21% reportaron problemas orales con los dientes o las encías al comer. En análisis multivariados, las limitaciones en actividades instrumentales de vida diaria (AIVD) (odds ratios=OR 1.23, intervalo de confianza=IC 95% 1.04-1.45) estuvieron asociados con el uso de las prótesis orales. También, dentro de las personas que usan prótesis dentales, los síntomas depresivos aumentados (OR 1.42, IC 95% 1.04-1.95) y las limitaciones funcionales en AIVD (OR 1.58, IC 95% 1.15-2.17) estuvieron asociados a problemas orales con los dientes o las encías al comer. En conclusión, factores que usualmente afectan la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores, tales como la dependencia funcional y la depresión, están asociados al uso de prótesis dentales o a problemas orales en dientes o encías al usar las prótesis dentales.

The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with using dental prosthesis or oral problems related to their use among older Mexican Americans of the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly EPESE) in the United States. A cross-sectional analysis was made with data of 2992 men and women aged 65 years and older interviewed during 1993-1994. Forty four % of subjects reported the use of partial or total dental prosthesis. Among those using dental prosthesis, 21% reported problems with teeth or gums when eating. In multivariate analyses, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations were associated with using dental prosthesis (OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval - CI = 1.04-1.45). Also, among subjects using dental prosthesis, increased depressive symptoms (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.95) and IADL limitations (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.15-2.17) were associated with problems with teeth or gums when eating. In conclusion, factors usually affecting quality of life in older persons such as functional dependency and depression are associated with using dental prosthesis or oral problems with teeth or gums when eating.