Violência doméstica, obesidade e desnutrição em pessoas idosas de uma capital do Sul do Brasil - Estudo EpiFloripa Idoso / Domestic violence, obesity and malnutrition in elderly people in a capital in southern Brazil - EpiFloripa Idoso Study

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre a violência doméstica com a obesidade e a desnutrição em pessoas idosas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudo transversal avaliados na coorte EpiFloripa Idoso em 2013/2014. Os desfechos foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a obesidade abdominal (CC aumentada). A violência contra pessoa idosa foi mensurada através do instrumento HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST), e a VPI por meio do instrumento Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1). Utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística e regressão logística multinomial. Observou-se que os homens apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal quando em situação de violência. Já as mulheres apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal em situação de abuso direto quando sofreram violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e quando foram perpetradoras desta violência. Em relação ao IMC, as mulheres idosas em situação de violência e que sofreram VPI foram associadas às maiores chances de sobrepeso. Em contrapartida, os homens em situação de vulnerabilidade demonstraram maior chance de baixo peso. Conclui-se que a violência contra pessoa idosa e a VPI geram impacto assimétrico sobre o estado nutricional em relação ao sexo.

Abstract The objective of this article was to verify the association between domestic violence and obesity and malnutrition in elderly people in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cross-sectional study evaluated in the EpiFloripa Elderly cohort in 2013/2014. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (increased WC). Violence against elderly people was measured using the HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) instrument, and IPV using the Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1) instrument. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. It was observed that men had a greater chance of abdominal obesity when in situations of violence and in the potential abuse dimension. Women were more likely to have abdominal obesity in the dimension of violation of personal rights or abuse, when they suffered IPV and when they were perpetrators of IPV. In relation to BMI, elderly women in situations of violence were associated with a greater chance of being overweight and those who suffered IPV. On the other hand, men in vulnerable situations were more likely to be underweight. It is concluded that violence against elderly people and IPV generate an asymmetric impact on nutritional status in relation to sex.

Relação entre maturação sexual e indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos em adolescentes / Relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers

Resumo Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre a maturação sexual com indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos de adolescentes. Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado entre 2018 e 2020, com 345 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Coletou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas, pressão arterial e maturação sexual. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais, que gerou três componentes e, posteriormente, testou-se a correlação entre a maturação sexual e os componentes gerados. A maioria dos adolescentes eram do sexo feminino (53%), normotensos (66,1%) e com peso normal (73%). Houve correlação positiva entre o desenvolvimento das mamas com o componente 1 e o componente 2, e correlação negativa entre mamas e o componente 3. Nos meninos, o desenvolvimento dos genitais e pelos pubianos estiveram positivamente correlacionados com o componente 2 e inversamente correlacionados com o componente 3. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a maturação sexual e os indicadores antropométricos e pressóricos, sendo variáveis representativas de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes, mesmo que não em sua totalidade.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with 345 teenagers, aged 10 to 19 years, between 2018 and 2020. In this study, data referent to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and sexual maturation were collected. The data analysis was performed by applying the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which generated three components and then tested the correlation between sexual maturation and the generated components. Most of the teenagers were female (53%), normotensive (66.1%), and with a normal weight (73%). A positive correlation was found between breast development and component 1 and component 2, as well as a negative correlation between the breasts and component 3. In the boys, the development of genitals and pubic hair was positively correlated with component 2 and inversely correlated with component 3. It could therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between sexual maturation and the anthropometric and blood pressure indicators, which proved to be representative variables for cardiovascular risk in teenagers, even if not in their entirety.

Comparison of anthropometric indicators as predictors of the percentage of fat mass in young people and older adults in Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether triponderal mass index (TMI) has a greater accuracy than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of obesity in young people and older adults in a region of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1176 adults (565 men and 611 women) from the Maule region (Chile). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. The percentage of fat mass (%FM) was evaluated by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. TMI, BMI and WHtR were calculated. RESULTS: The %FM predictions for BMI were 0.47% for men and 0.50% for women; for TMI, it was 0.50% for men and 0.51% for women; for WC, it was 0.28% for men and 0.21% for women; and finally, for WHtR, it was 0.28% in men and 0.21% in women. The area under the curve (AUC) for BMI was 0.85 in men and 0.85 in women; for TMI, it was 0.87 in men and 0.86 in women; for WHtR, it was 0.76 in men and 0.72 in women; and for WC, the AUC was 0.72 in men and 0.71 in women. CONCLUSION: It was shown that TMI is the indicator that presented the greatest association with %FM and estimates body fat levels with greater precision than BMI, WC and WHtR. The results suggest its use and application as an indicator that discriminates obesity in young, middle-aged and elderly adults.

Comparison of anthropometric indicators as predictors of the percentage of fat mass in young people and older adults in Chile. / Comparación de indicadores antropométricos como predictores del porcentaje de masa grasa en jóvenes y adultos mayores de Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) has a higher accuracy than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of obesity in young people and older adults in a region of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1,176 adult subjects (565 men and 611 women) from the Maule region (Chile). The age range was from 20 to 80 years old. The percentage of fat mass (%FM) was evaluated by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height and WC were evaluated. TMI, BMI and WHtR were calculated. RESULTS: The predictions of %FM for BMI were 0.47% for men and 0.50% for women, for TMI it was 0.50% for men and 0.51% for women, for WC it was 0.28% for men and 0.21% for women, and finally, for the WHtR it was 0.28% in men and 0.21% in women. The area under the curve (AUC) for the BMI was 0.85 in both men and women, for the TMI, it was 0.87 in men and 0.86 in women, for the WHtR, in men it was 0.76 and in women it was 0.72, and for WC, the AUC in men was 0.72 and in women it was 0.71. CONCLUSION: It was shown that TMI is the indicator that presented the greatest association with %FM and estimates body fat levels with greater precision than BMI, WC and WHtR. The results suggest its use and application as an indicator that discriminates obesity in young, middle and late-aged adults.

Correlación de parámetros antropométricos predictores del riesgo de aparición de diabetes mellitus / Correlation of the anthropometric parameters predictors of emerging risk for diabetes mellitus

Introducción: Existen parámetros antropométricos predictivos del riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus que pueden correlacionarse, tal como el índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, el perímetro de la cintura y el porcentaje de grasa visceral. Objetivo: Establecer el riesgo potencial de padecer diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 mediante la correlación de indicadores y medidas antropométricas aplicables a la población local. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, transversal, observacional y analítico de 118 individuos jóvenes, en la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, en Córdoba, Argentina, durante el mes de septiembre de 2019, en el cual se aplicó el FINnish Diabetes Risk Score, tomando además como indicadores los porcentajes de grasa corporal y de grasa visceral. En el análisis estadístico de las variables cuantitativas y cualitativas se utilizaron el promedio y la desviación estándar como medidas descriptivas; asimismo, se aplicaron las pruebas de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk y de Kolmogorow-Smirnov y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman para probar las hipótesis estadísticas planteadas. Resultados: Se encontró que la mayoría de la población era de bajo riesgo y la correlación entre el índice de masa corporal y la grasa corporal que se ajustaba era Y=1,18X+4,06; donde Y fue el porcentaje de grasa corporal y X el índice de masa corporal. Para correlacionar el perímetro de la cintura y el porcentaje de grasa visceral se ajustaban Y=0,21X-10,21 para hombres y Y=0,17X-7,84 para mujeres, donde Y fue el porcentaje de grasa visceral y X el perímetro de la cintura. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del estado de salud de una población lleva a la capacitación y asistencia para el autocuidado y la adquisición de hábitos saludables, que contribuyan a una adultez con calidad de vida.

Introduction: There are risk anthropometric predictors parameters of suffering from diabetes mellitus that can be correlated, such as the body mass index, body fat percentage, waist perimeter and visceral fat percentage. Objective: To establish the potential risk of suffering from type2 diabetes mellitus by means of the correlation of indicators and anthropometric measures applicable to a local population. Methods: An epidemiological, cross-sectional, observational and analytic study of 118 young individuals was carried out in the Catholic University of Córdoba, in Córdoba, Argentina, during the month of September, 2019, in which the FINnish Diabetes Risk Score was implemented, the body fat and visceral fat percentages were also taken as warning signs. In the statistical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative variables the average and the standard deviation were used as descriptive measures; also, the Shapiro-Wilks and Kolmogorow-Smirnov normality tests and the Spearman correlation test were implemented to prove the outlined statistical hypotheses. Results: It was found that it was a low risk population and the correlation between the body mass index and the body fat that was adjusted was Y=1.18X+4.06; where Y was the body fat percentage and X the body mass index. To correlate the waist perimeter and the visceral fat percentage Y=0,21X-10,21 for men and Y=0,17X-7,84 for women were adjusted, where Y was the visceral fat percentage and X the waist perimeter. Conclusions: The knowledge of the population health condition leads to the training and assistance for the selfcare and to the acquisition of healthy habits that contribute to an adulthood with life quality.

Evaluación antropométrica de un grupo de pacientes adultos mayores / Anthropometric evaluation of an elderly patient group

Las medidas antropométricas resultan de utilidad para evaluar el estado nutricional, son fáciles de obtener cuando se aplican a poblaciones de ancianos ambulantes. Objetivo: evaluar antropométricamente un grupo de adultos mayores; para ello se midieron las variables: edad, peso, talla, Circunferencia de cintura (CC), perímetro de pantorrilla (PP) y se calcularon IMC, ICT, IPCC y %GC. Métodos: Se seleccionó un grupo de adultos mayores, quienes asistieron a la consulta en una clinica privada, del área metropolitana de Caracas, durante los mese de junio y octubre de 2015. Se determinaron los indicadores IMC, CC, PP, ICT, IPCC y %GC, para clasificar, según las categorías de cada uno, a los adultos, y evaluar su estado nutricional. Resultados: Los resultados indican edad 71,9±7,9 años, peso 67,1±13,9, talla 157,6±9,2 cm, CC 93,7±12,2, PP 33,7±4,1, IMC 26,9±4,7, ICT 0,60±0,08, IPCC 0,71±0,10 y %GC 40,4±7,7. Desnutrición según el PP 42,3%(M) y 15,6%(F); Sobrepeso según IMC 69,1%(M) y 62,9% (F); obesidad 30,8% (M) y 37.1%(F). Riesgo elevado y riesgo muy elevado, según la CC, 42,1% (M) y 20,6% (F), y 58,9% (M) y 77,4% (F), respectivamente. ICT revela obesidad 20,7% (M) y 62,2% (F); IPCC riesgo 78,2% (M) y 49,6% (F); %GC obesida 95,5% (M) y 98,3% (F). Correlaciones altas entre CC-ICT, Peso-IMC, Peso-CC, Peso-IPCC (r ≥ 0,80 y p<0,001). Conclusión: los indicadores son muy útiles para evaluar el estado nutricional, y disponer de varios de ellos, permite complementar la evaluación nutricional en el adulto mayor(AU)

Anthropometric measurements are useful for evaluating nutritional status, they are easy to obtain when applied to ambulatory elderly populations. Objective: to anthropometrically evaluate a group of older adults; For this, the variables: age, weight, height, waist circumference (CC), calf circumference (PP) were measured and BMI, ICT, IPCC and% GC were calculated. Methods: A group of older adults was selected, who attended the consultation in a private clinic, in the Caracas metropolitan area, during the months of June and October 2015. The indicators BMI, CC, PP, ICT, IPCC and% GC were determined. To classify, according to the categories of each, adults, and assess their nutritional status. Results: The results indicate age 71.9 ± 7.9 years, weight 67.1 ± 13.9, height 157.6 ± 9.2 cm, CC 93.7 ± 12.2, PP 33.7 ± 4.1, BMI 26.9 ± 4.7, ICT 0.60 ± 0.08, IPCC 0.71 ± 0.10 and% GC 40.4 ± 7.7. Malnutrition according to the PP 42.3% (M) and 15.6% (F); Overweight according to BMI 69.1% (M) and 62.9% (F); obesity 30.8% (M) and 37.1% (F). According to the CC, high risk and very high risk, 42.1% (M) and 20.6% (F), and 58.9% (M) and 77.4% (F), respectively. ICT reveals obesity 20.7% (M) and 62.2% (F); IPCC risk 78.2% (M) and 49.6% (F); % GC obesity 95.5% (M) and 98.3% (F). High correlations between CC-ICT, Weight-BMI, Weight-CC, Weight-IPCC (r ≥ 0.80 and p <0.001). Conclusion: the indicators are very useful to assess nutritional status, and having several of them, allows to complement the nutritional evaluation in the elderly(AU)

Relación entre indicadores antropométricos y masa grasa medida por deuterio en escolares costarricenses / Relationship between anthropometric indicators and fat mass measured by deuterium in Costa Rican schoolchildren / Relação entre indicadores antropométricos e massa gordurosa medida por deutério em crianças da escola costarriquenhos

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre la masa grasa expresada como porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) medida por el método de deuterio (D2O) e indicadores antropométricos en escolares costarricenses. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 54 niños y 49 niñas de 6 a 9 años. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de brazo, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia abdominal, pliegue cutáneo subescapular y pliegue cutáneo tricipital. El análisis del %GC se realizó por medio del método de referencia del D2O. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva y se aplicó un análisis de coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar la relación entre las mediciones antropométricas y el %GC obtenido por D2O. En el grupo de escolares, las niñas presentaron valores mayores de talla y pliegue cutáneo tricipital (p<0,05) y %GC obtenida por D2O (p<0,001). Se observó una fuerte correlación entre el %GC medido por D2O y el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura y la circunferencia abdominal tanto en los niños como en las niñas. Se concluye que la circunferencia de cintura y la circunferencia abdominal podrían ser utilizadas conjuntamente con el IMC como herramientas para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad en población escolar, cuando no se cuente con metodologías más precisas que determinen el %GC.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between fat mass (FM) expressed as body fat percentage (%BF) measured by the deuterium method (D2O) and anthropometric indicators in Costa Rican schoolchildren. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed and the participants were 54 boys and 49 girls of ages between six and nine years old. The anthropometric measurements recorded were weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AC), subscapular skinfold (SSF), and tricipital skinfold (TSF). The analysis of %BF was performed by means of D2O reference method. Descriptive statistics and the application of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis identified the relationship between anthropometric measurements and %BF obtained by D2O. From the group of schoolchildren, the girls showed greater values for height and tricipital skinfold (p<0.05) and %BF obtained by D2O (p<0.001). This study evidences a strong correlation between %BF measured by D2O and BMI, WC and AC in both girls and boys. It is concluded that WC and AC could be used together with the IMC as tools for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, when there are no more precise methodologies that determine the %BF.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a relação entre a massa gordurosa (MG), expressa como percentagem de gordura corporal (%GC) medida pelo método de deutério (D2O) e indicadores antropométricos em escolas da Costa Rica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, no qual participaram 54 meninos e 49 meninas com idade entre seis e nove anos. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas: peso, tamanho, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço (CB), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência abdominal (CA), prega cutânea subescapular (PCS) e prega cutânea tricipital (PCT). A análise da %GC foi realizada pelo método de referência D2O, realizou-se uma estatística descritiva e foi aplicada análise coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para identificar a relação entre as medições antropométricas e a %GC obtida por meio do D2O. No grupo de escolares, as meninas apresentaram maiores valores de estatura e PCT (p<0,05) e %GC obtida por D2O (p<0,001). Observou-se uma importante correlação entre %GC medida por D2O e IMC, CC e CA tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas. Conclui-se que a CC e a CA poderiam ser utilizadas conjuntamente com o IMC como ferramenta para o diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade em população escolar, quando não se conte com metodologias mais precisas que determinem o %GC.

Caracterización del estado nutricional de pacientes posoperados con complicaciones en una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Characterization of the status of postoperative patients with complications in an intensive care unite

Introducción: Las unidades de atención al paciente gravemente enfermo informan numerosos casos con desnutrición. Para poder estimarlo es necesario utilizar indicadores dietéticos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e inmunológicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado nutricional de los pacientes posoperados ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal. Los valores se obtuvieron de los indicadores antropométricos (circunferencia media del brazo y circunferencia de la pantorrilla), bioquímicos (albúmina, colesterol, triglicéridos y creatinina) e inmunológicos (conteo total de linfocitos) de 98 pacientes ingresados en dicha unidad. El estado nutricional fue evaluado mediante variables independientes. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con estadía entre 1-7 días (71,4 por ciento), la ventilación mecánica se utilizó en 33,6 por ciento, fallecieron 19,3 por ciento de los pacientes, y predominó el grupo de afecciones intraabdominales 38,8 por ciento. La linfopenia (68,3 por ciento) y la hipoalbuminemia (62,2 por ciento) fueron más significativas, seguida de la circunferencia media del brazo (CMB) en rango de desnutrición (47,9 por ciento). No se demostró asociación de las variables nutricionales con la estadía, ni la necesidad de ventilación mecánica. Todas las variables se asociaron con el estado al egreso. Conclusiones: Predominó la estadía alrededor de una semana, la tercera parte de la muestra requirió apoyo ventilatorio, y la mortalidad fue baja. De las variables nutricionales estudiadas no se encontró asociación de estas con la estadía ni el uso de ventilación mecánica pero sí con el estado al egreso(AU)

Introduction: Critically ill care units report numerous cases of malnutrition. In order to estimate such statistics, it is necessary to use dietary, anthropometric, biochemical and immunological indicators. Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of postoperative patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Methods: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The values ;were obtained from the indicators of the type anthropometric (average arm and calf circumference), biochemical (albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine) and immunological (total lymphocyte count) of 98 patients admitted to the unit. The nutritional status was evaluated by independent variables. Results: Patients with 1-7 days of stay predominated (71.4 percent), mechanical ventilation was used in 33.6 percent, 19.3 percent of patients died, and the group of intra-abdominal conditions predominated (38.8 percent). Lymphopenia (68.3 percent) and hypoalbuminemia (62.2 percent) were more significant, followed by average arm circumference (AAC) in the malnutrition range (47.9 percent). There was no association of nutritional variables with the stay, nor the need for mechanical ventilation. All the variables were associated with the state at the time of discharge. Conclusions: A stay of about one week predominated, one third of the sample required ventilatory support, and mortality was low. Among all the nutritional variables studied, no association was found with the stay or the use of mechanical ventilation, but instead with the state at discharge(AU)

Efectividad de los indicadores antropométricos para el diagnóstico de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino / Effectiveness of Anthropometric Indicators for the Diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Introducción: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se refiere a la incapacidad del feto para alcanzar su potencial genético de crecimiento biológicamente determinado. Las herramientas proporcionadas por el ultrasonido colocadas en manos en manos diestras, constituyen la piedra angular para el diagnóstico de restricción del crecimiento en la que la biometría fetal es clave. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los indicadores antropométricos para el diagnóstico de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en el período comprendido desde octubre de 2012 hasta octubre de 2014 en gestantes con embarazos simples y de peso adecuado, en el área de salud Chiqui Gómez Lubián de Santa Clara. Se construyeron curvas de Receiver Operating Characteristic de indicadores antropométricos para la predicción de la restricción de crecimiento intrauterino. Resultados: El indicador circunferencia cefálica/circunferencia abdominal mostró mayor área bajo la curva ROC en ambos trimestres, con valores más elevados en el tercer trimestre. Conclusiones: La efectividad de los indicadores estudiados para la predicción de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino solo fue comprobada en el tercer trimestre(AU)

Introduction: Intrauterine growth restriction refers to the inability of the fetus to reach the biologically determined growth potential. The ultrasound tool is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of growth restriction in which fetal biometry is crucial. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of anthropometric indicators for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from October 2012 to October 2014 in pregnant women with simple pregnancies and adequate weight, at Chiqui Gómez Lubián health area in Santa Clara. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves of anthropometric indicators were constructed for the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction. Results: The cephalic circumference / abdominal circumference indicator showed greater area under ROC curve in both quarters, with higher values in the third quarter. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the indicators studied for the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction was only verified in the third quarter(AU)

Avaliação do índice de conicidade como preditor de risco cardiometabólico e suas associações em pacientes adultos submetidos a atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil / Evaluation of the conicity index as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk and its associations in adult patients submitted to outpatient care in Southern Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar índice de conicidade de pacientes adultos atendidos em um Ambulatório de Nutrição, associá-lo com presença de patologias e compará-lo a indicadores antropométricos quanto à sua eficácia como preditor de risco cardiometabólico. Metodologia: Estudo observacional com dados secundários de prontuários. Dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos (peso, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, do pescoço e índice de conicidade), número de consultas e hábitos de vida, foram obtidos e comparados entre a primeira e última consulta. As análises foram realizadas no pacote estatístico Stata® 11.1, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Amostra constituída por 164 adultos, sendo 114 (70%) mulheres. A maioria apresentava hipertensão (45%), sedentarismo (48%), peso acima do ideal (90%) e valores de CC(82%), CP (82%) e IC (88%) acima do recomendado. A maioria apresentou perda de peso (77%), sendo que 29% perdeu mais de 5% do peso inicial, além de melhora significativa nos hábitos alimentares, principalmente pelas mulheres. O índice de conicidade associou-se significativamente com os indicadores antropométricos analisados; foi mais sensível nas mulheres quanto à classificação de risco de complicações metabólicas e cardiovasculares, e apresentou valores significativamente maiores nos hipertensos e diabéticos. Conclusão: É importante o acompanhamento nutricional para melhoria dos hábitos de vida dos pacientes, assim como a utilização do IC, que associou-se com hipertensão e diabetes,sendo mais sensível nas mulheres em relação ao risco de complicações cardiometabólicas do que a CC e CP, demonstrando ser um bom indicador antropométrico,capaz de possibilitar a detecção precoce da obesidade e da distribuição de gordura (AU)

Objective: Evaluate the conicity index of adult patients treated at a Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, to associate it with the presence of pathologies and to compare with anthropometric indicators as to its efficacy as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk. Methodology: Observational study with secondary data from medical records. Socioeconomic, anthropometric data (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, neck and conicity index), number of visits and life habits were obtained and compared between the first and last visit. The analyzes were performed in Stata® 11.1 statistical package, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Sample of 164 adults, 114 (70%) of whom were women. The majority had hypertension (45%), sedentarism (48%), weight above the ideal (90%) and values of CC (82%), CP (82%) and IC (88%) above recommended. The majority presented weight loss (77%), with 29% losing more than 5% of the initial weight, in addition to a significant improvement in eating habits, mainly by women. The taper index was significantly associated with the anthropometric indicators analyzed; was more sensitive in women regarding the risk classification of metabolic and cardiovascular complications, presented significantly higher values in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Conclusion: It is important nutritional monitoring to improve life habits of patients, as well as the use of HF, which was associated with hypertension and diabetes, being more sensitive in women in relation to the risk of cardiometabolic complications than CC and CP, proving to be a good anthropometric indicator, capable of making possible the early detection of obesity and fat distribution (AU)

Estado nutricional, composición corporal e indicadores antropométricos de trabajadores mineros expuestos a hipoxia hipobárica crónica e intermitente a una altitud moderada (0-2500 msnm) / Nutritional status, body composition and anthropometric indicators of miners exposed to intermittent chronic hypobaric hypoxia at moderate altitude (0-2500 m)

RESUMEN Introducción En Chile, los trabajadores mineros están expuestos a condiciones laborales y ambientales particulares. Sin embargo, la normativa actual no considera estas condicionantes para evaluar el estado nutricional y riesgo cardiovascular de esta población. Objetivo Describir indicadores antropométricos de trabajadores mineros de la Región de Coquimbo, expuestos a un ambiente hipóxico hipobárico de manera crónica intermitente a una altitud moderada entre 0 a 2500 m. Metodología Se evaluaron 221 trabajadores a 0 m, 1600 m, y 2500 m. Se les midió peso, talla, pliegues cutáneos, perímetros de cintura y cuello. Con estas mediciones se determinó estado nutricional, composición corporal e indicadores antropométricos relacionados con riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados Los indicadores presentaron valores promedios superiores a la media nacional. Más aún, al separar los resultados por cota altitudinal, estos valores presentan un aumento a mayor altitud. Conclusión Este estudio mostró una alteración en los indicadores antropométricos, estado nutricional y composición corporal, con la altitud. Futuros estudios con un mayor tamaño muestral son necesarios para clarificar estos hallazgos.

ABSTRACT Introduction In Chile, miners are exposed to specific labor and environmental conditions. However, current regulations do not consider these conditions in the assessment of nutritional status and cardiovascular risk of this population. Objective To describe anthropometric indicators of miners in the Coquimbo Region who are exposed to chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia at moderate altitudes (between 0 and 2500 m). Methodology We evaluated 221 workers at 0 m, 1600 m, and 2500 m. We measured weight, height, skin fold, waist and neck circumference. With these measurements, we determined nutritional status, body composition and anthropometric indicators related to cardiovascular risk. Results The assessed indicators showed average values higher than national ones. Furthermore, values increased by altitude. Conclusion This study showed an alteration with the altitude in the anthropometric indicators, nutritional condition and body composition. Further studies with a high sample size are necessary to clarify these findings.

Evaluación de los indicadores antropométricos en los adolescentes según su estado nutricional / Anthropometric indicators according to teenagers’ nutritional conditions

Introducción: durante el crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial, la nutrición interviene en el logro del máximo potencial posible, en el desarrollo de la cara, los maxilares y los dientes. Objetivo: evaluar los indicadores antropométricos craneales, faciales e intrabucales, según el estado nutricional de los adolescentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal para evaluar los indicadores antropométricos craneales, faciales e intrabucales, atendiendo al estado nutricional y el índice de la masa corporal, en los adolescentes de 14 a 15 años, pertenecientes al policlínico Máximo Gómez, del municipio de Holguín, provincia Holguín, Cuba. La muestra estuvo constituida por dos grupos de adolescentes: nutridos y desnutridos, a quienes se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas generales del neurocráneo, viscerocráneo e intrabucales. Resultados: los valores promedio de peso y talla fueron: 49,3 ± 5,63 kg y 1,64 ± 0,06 m, en el grupo control, y de 34,9 ± 2,15 kg y 1,53 ± 0,03 m en los desnutridos. Las dimensiones craneales fueron mayores en el grupo control, con el diámetro transverso de la cabeza (14,0 ± 0,90 cm. -grupo control-, 13,0 ± 0,39 cm.-grupo desnutridos), y la circunferencia cefálica (55,9 ± 1,44 cm. - grupo control-, 53,9 ± 1,31 cm.-grupo desnutridos), las que presentaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p < 0,05). Los indicadores faciales e intrabucales fueron mayores en el grupo control, con diámetros transversos del maxilar de 35,4 ± 0,93, 41,4 ± 1,49 y 47,2 ± 0,80 mm y en el grupo de los desnutridos de 34,4 ± 0,58, 39,7 ± 1,15 y 45,8 ± 0,95 mm. Conclusiones: las variables antropométricas craneales, faciales e intrabucales presentaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, con valores inferiores en el grupo desnutridos.

Introduction: craniofacial growth involves nutrition as the maximum possible potential of face, maxilla and teeth development. Objective: to evaluate cranial, face and intrabucals anthropometric indicators, according to teenagers´ nutritional conditions. Methods: a cross-sectional study was applied, to evaluate cranial, face and intrabucals anthropometric indicators of nutritional conditions, on teenagers from 14 to 15 years old, at Máximo Gómez polyclinic, from Holguín, Cuba. Sample was formed by 2 groups: well-fed and undernourished individuals. General, neurocranium, viscerocranium and intrabucals anthropometric measurements were taken. Results: control group weight and height rates were: 49.3 ± 5.63 kg and 1.64 ± 0.06 m. In the undernourished group: 34.9 ± 2.15 kg and 1.53 ± 0.03m. Cranial dimensions were major in the control group, being transverse head diameter (14.0 ± 0.90 cm - control group -, 13.0 ± 0.39 cm. undernourished group), and the cephalic circumference (55.9 ± 1.44 cm - control group -, 53.9 ± 1.31 cm at undernourished group), with significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Facial and intrabucals indicators were higher in the control group, being the transverse diameters of the maxilla in the control group: 35.4 ± 0.93, 41.4 ± 1.49 y 47.2 ± 0.80 mm, and in the undernourished group: 34.4 ± 0.58, 39.7 ± 1.15, and 45.8 ± 0.95 mm. Conclusions: cranial, facial and intrabucals anthropometric indicators showed significant differences between groups, obtaining low values in the undernourished group.

Evaluación de los indicadores antropométricos en los adolescentes según su estado nutricional / Anthropometric indicators according to teenagers nutritional conditions

Introducción: durante el crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial, la nutrición interviene en el logro del máximo potencial posible, en el desarrollo de la cara, los maxilares y los dientes.Objetivo: evaluar los indicadores antropométricos craneales, faciales e intrabucales, según el estado nutricional de los adolescentes.Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal para evaluar los indicadores antropométricos craneales, faciales e intrabucales, atendiendo al estado nutricional y el índice de la masa corporal, en los adolescentes de 14 a 15 años, pertenecientes al policlínico Máximo Gómez, del municipio de Holguín, provincia Holguín, Cuba. La muestra estuvo constituida por dos grupos de adolescentes: nutridos y desnutridos, a quienes se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas generales del neurocráneo, viscerocráneo e intrabucales.Resultados: los valores promedio de peso y talla fueron: 49,3 ± 5,63 kg y 1,64 ± 0,06 m, en el grupo control, y de 34,9 ± 2,15 kg y 1,53 ± 0,03 m en los desnutridos. Las dimensiones craneales fueron mayores en el grupo control, con el diámetro transverso de la cabeza (14,0 ± 0,90 cm. -grupo control-, 13,0 ± 0,39 cm.-grupo desnutridos), y la circunferencia cefálica (55,9 ± 1,44 cm. - grupo control-, 53,9 ± 1,31 cm.-grupo desnutridos), las que presentaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p < 0,05). Los indicadores faciales e intrabucales fueron mayores en el grupo control, con diámetros transversos del maxilar de 35,4 ± 0,93, 41,4 ± 1,49 y 47,2 ± 0,80 mm y en el grupo de los desnutridos de 34,4 ± 0,58, 39,7 ± 1,15 y 45,8 ± 0,95 mm.Conclusiones: las variables antropométricas craneales, faciales e intrabucales presentaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, con valores inferiores en el grupo desnutridos.(AU)

Introduction: craniofacial growth involves nutrition as the maximum possible potential of face, maxilla and teeth development.Objective: to evaluate cranial, face and intrabucals anthropometric indicators, according to teenagers´ nutritional conditions.Methods: a cross-sectional study was applied, to evaluate cranial, face and intrabucals anthropometric indicators of nutritional conditions, on teenagers from 14 to 15 years old, at Máximo Gómez polyclinic, from Holguín, Cuba. Sample was formed by 2 groups: well-fed and undernourished individuals. General, neurocranium, viscerocranium and intrabucals anthropometric measurements were taken.Results: control group weight and height rates were: 49.3 ± 5.63 kg and 1.64 ± 0.06 m. In the undernourished group: 34.9 ± 2.15 kg and 1.53 ± 0.03m. Cranial dimensions were major in the control group, being transverse head diameter (14.0 ± 0.90 cm - control group -, 13.0 ± 0.39 cm. undernourished group), and the cephalic circumference (55.9 ± 1.44 cm - control group -, 53.9 ± 1.31 cm at undernourished group), with significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Facial and intrabucals indicators were higher in the control group, being the transverse diameters of the maxilla in the control group: 35.4 ± 0.93, 41.4 ± 1.49 y 47.2 ± 0.80 mm, and in the undernourished group: 34.4 ± 0.58, 39.7 ± 1.15, and 45.8 ± 0.95 mm.Conclusions: cranial, facial and intrabucals anthropometric indicators showed significant differences between groups, obtaining low values in the undernourished group.(AU)

Avaliação e classificação da estenose vaginal na braquiterapia: validação de conteúdo de instrumento para enfermeiros / Indicadores antropométricos como previsores del síndrome metabólico en los adolescentes / Evaluation and classification of vaginal stenosis in brachytherapy: instrument content validation for nurses

RESUMO Objetivo: validar os conteúdos de um instrumento elaborado para avaliação e classificação da estenose vaginal pós-braquiterapia para aplicação por enfermeiros. Método: estudo metodológico que incluiu dez enfermeiros experts em braquiterapia. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre dezembro de 2015 a abril de 2016 e ocorreu com a aplicação de formulário disponibilizado aos experts via ferramenta do Google Drive/Microsoft® em três rodadas de validação, conduzida pela Técnica Delphi; 12 conteúdos foram avaliados. A análise dos dados ocorreu pelo cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo - IVC. Resultados: na primeira rodada, o uso de absorventes íntimos (tampões) foi excluído (IVC=0,4), outros conteúdos foram ajustados, bem como a aparência do instrumento, de acordo com as recomendações dos experts. Os conteúdos na terceira rodada de avaliação atingiram o IVC=1. Conclusão: a validação de conteúdo de instrumento padroniza a técnica, consequentemente, incrementa e qualifica a prática clínica e o desenvolvimento de pesquisas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: prever el síndrome metabólico en adolescentes a partir de indicadores antropométricos por análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad de los puntos de corte. Método: estudio transversal y descriptivo en una muestra estratificada de 716 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple en 30 escuelas públicas, municipales y estatales localizadas en Picos, Piauí, en la Región Noreste del Brasil. La obtención de datos se realizó en el período de Agosto hasta Diciembre del 2014 y en Marzo del 2015. Se investigaron los factores índice de masa corporal y el índice de conicidad. El síndrome metabólico se identificó a partir de los criterios adaptados para la edad. Resultados: se observó la prevalencia de estudiantes del sexo femenino (61,3%) y la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue del 3,2%. El área sobre la curva de Características de Operación del Receptor mostró que el índice de masa corporal y el índice de conicidad se mostraron eficientes para la previsión del síndrome metabólico tanto en la muestra total como en la estratificación por sexo. Conclusión: los indicadores antropométricos índice de masa corporal e índice de conicidad fueron buenos previsores del síndrome metabólico en esa población.

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content of an instrument prepared for evaluation and classification of vaginal stenosis after brachytherapy for its application by nurses. Method: a methodological study that included ten nurses who are experts in brachytherapy. The data collection was performed between December 2015 and April 2016 and it was carried out through the application form made available to experts via the Google Drive/Microsoft® tool in three validation rounds, conducted by the Delphi Technique; 12 contents were evaluated. The data analysis was performed by calculating the Content Validity Index - CVI. Results: in the first round, the use of intimate tampons was excluded (CVI=0.4), other contents have been adjusted, as well as the appearance of the instrument, according to the experts' recommendations. The content in the third round of evaluation reached the CVI=1. Conclusion: the instrument content validation standardizes the technique; consequently, it increases and qualifies the clinical practice and research development.

Indicadores antropométricos como preditores da síndrome metabólica em adolescentes / Indicadores antropométricos como previsores del síndrome metabólico en los adolescentes / Anthropometric indicators that predict metabolic syndrome among adolescents

RESUMO Objetivo: predizer a síndrome metabólica em adolescentes a partir de indicadores antropométricos por análise de sensibilidade e especificidade dos pontos de corte. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo em uma amostra estratificada de 716 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples em 30 escolas públicas municipais e estaduais localizadas em Picos, Piauí, na Região Nordeste do Brasil, a coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto a dezembro de 2014 e março de 2015. Investigaram-se os fatores índice de massa corporal e índice de conicidade. A síndrome metabólica foi identificada a partir dos critérios adaptados para a idade. Resultados: observou-se a prevalência de estudantes do sexo feminino 61,3%, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi de 3,2%. A área sobre a curva de Características de Operação do Receptor mostrou que o índice de massa corporal e o índice de conicidade se mostraram eficientes para a predição de síndrome metabólica tanto na amostra total, quanto na estratificação por sexo. Conclusão: os indicadores antropométricos índice de massa corporal e índice de conicidade foram bons preditores da síndrome metabólica nessa população.

RESUMEN Objetivo: prever el síndrome metabólico en adolescentes a partir de indicadores antropométricos por análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad de los puntos de corte. Método: estudio transversal y descriptivo en una muestra estratificada de 716 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple en 30 escuelas públicas, municipales y estatales localizadas en Picos, Piauí, en la Región Noreste del Brasil. La obtención de datos se realizó en el período de Agosto hasta Diciembre del 2014 y en Marzo del 2015. Se investigaron los factores índice de masa corporal y el índice de conicidad. El síndrome metabólico se identificó a partir de los criterios adaptados para la edad. Resultados: se observó la prevalencia de estudiantes del sexo femenino (61,3%) y la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico fue del 3,2%. El área sobre la curva de Características de Operación del Receptor mostró que el índice de masa corporal y el índice de conicidad se mostraron eficientes para la previsión del síndrome metabólico tanto en la muestra total como en la estratificación por sexo. Conclusión: los indicadores antropométricos índice de masa corporal e índice de conicidad fueron buenos previsores del síndrome metabólico en esa población.

ABSTRACT Objective: to predict metabolic syndrome among adolescents using anthropometric indicators by analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff points. Method: cross-sectional and descriptive study in a stratified sample of 716 adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years old selected by simple random sampling in 30 municipal and state public schools located in Picos, northeast of Brazil. Data were collected from August to December 2014 and March 2015. Body mass index and conicity index were investigated and metabolic syndrome was identified based on criteria adapted for age. Results: female students were in the majority (61.3%) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.2%. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve revealed that the body mass index and conicity index were efficient to predict metabolic syndrome both in the total sample and stratified by sex. Conclusion: body mass index and conicity index were good predictors of metabolic syndrome in this population.

Relación entre indicadores antropométricos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares obesos / Relationship between anthropometric indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in obese school age children

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, que particularmente se ha incrementando en la edad escolar. El objetivo de la investigación, fue establecer la relación entre indicadores antropométricos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares obesos, a través de un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, en 160 prepúberes. Se evaluaron condición socioeconómica, estado nutricional por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), Circunferencia de Cintura (CC) e Índice de Conicidad (IC), presión arterial, glicemia e insulinemia basal, CT, LDL-c, VLDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos (TG) e índices CT/HDL, LDL/HDL y TG/HDL. Fueron incluidos 88 escolares obesos y 72 controles. La mayoría fueron categorizados en los estratos socioeconómicos III- IV. Se consiguieron valores elevados de IMC, CC, IC, tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica, insulina basal, VLDL-c y TG en menores 10 años, entre los obesos (Mann-Whitney: p<0,05) con relación a los controles. Además, la existencia de menores promedios de glicemia y HDL-c, y mayores promedios de TG (> 10 años), CT/HDL, LDL/HDL y TG/HDL en los obesos, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (t de Student: p<0,05) entre los grupos. El IMC y la CC tuvieron correlación significativa (p<0,05) con la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y con la insulina basal; el IC solo con la presión diastólica y la insulina basal. Se concluye que existió una relación entre los indicadores antropométricos en estudio y factores de riesgo cardiovascular como fueron la tensión arterial y la insulinemia basal(AU)

The obesity is a public health concern that particularly has been increasing in school-age children. The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between anthropometric indicators and cardiovascular risk factors in obese school age children, through a descriptive-correlational study in 160 prepubertal children. Socio-economic status, nutritional status by the index of body mass (BMI), waist circumference (WC) taper index (TI), blood pressure, basal insulinemia, glycemia, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, VLDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL levels, were assessed. 88 school age children obese and 72 controls were included. The majority of children were categorized as Graffar III-IV socio-economic stratum. It was found increased values of BMI, WC, TI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, basal insulin, VLDL-c and TG in less than 10 years, between the obese (Mann-Whitney: p<0,05) in relation to the controls. Further, the existence of lower blood glucose and HDL averages, as well as higher averages of TG in the over 10 years in the obese, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL y TG/HDL with statistically significant differences (Student’s t: p<0,05) between the groups. BMI and the WC had significant correlation (p<0,05) with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the basal insulin; TI only with diastolic pressure and basal insulin. It is concluded that there was a relationship between anthropometric indicators in study and cardiovascular risk factors as basal insulinemia and blood pressure(AU)

Indicadores antropométricos na predição de síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional / Anthropometric indicators for prediction of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a population-based study

Avaliar a capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos e pontos de corte na predição da síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal, envolvendo amostra probabilística de 879 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Dados metabólicos, antropométricos e sociodemográficos foram coletados. Para diagnóstico da SM, foi utilizada a definição modificada do National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). A capacidade dos indicadores antropométricos na predição do SM foi avaliada por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Resultados: a prevalência de SM foi de 6,6 por cento. Na predição da SM, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,79 (0,72; 0,85) para índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 0,79 (0,73; 0,85) para circunferência da cintura (CC) e de 0,83 (0,78; 0,89) para circunferência da cintura corrigida pela estatura (RCE). O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM foi de 0,448 (ambos os gêneros). Conclusões: todos os indicadores antropométricos utilizados, com pequena superioridade da RCE, foram bons preditores da SM. O ponto de corte identificado para RCE na predição da SM aproxima-se daquele proposto por alguns autores como universal. Sugere-se o uso deste índice dado a sua simples operacionalidade em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos como preditor da SM...

Objectives: to assess the capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents and to establish cut-off points. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with a probabilistic sample of 879 children and adolescents of both sexes. Metabolic, anthropometric and socio-demographic data were gathered. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was carried out using the modified definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program 's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII). The capacity of anthropometric indicators to predict metabolic syndrome was assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6.6 percent. For prediction of metabolic syndrome, the area under the ROC curve was 0. 79 (0. 72; 0.85) for body mass index, 0. 79 (0.73; 0.85) for waist circumference and 0.83 (0.78; 0.89) for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was 0.448 (for both sexes). Conclusions: all anthropometric indicators used were good predictors of metabolic syndrome, with slightly better results for waist circumference corrected for height. The cut-off point identified for waist circumference corrected for height for prediction of metabolic syndrome was similar to the standard proposed by other authors. It is suggested that this indicator be used in clinical and epidemiological studies as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, since it is simple to measure...

Associação dos indicadores antropométricos e sócio demográficos ao risco de doença cardiovascular / Association of anthropometric indicators and sociodemographic to risk of cardiovascular disease

Objetivo: verificar o risco de desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular através do Escore de Risco de Framingham(ERF) e sua associação com indicadores antropométricos e sócio-demográficos em uma determinada população. Método:estudo transversal que avaliou 100 indivíduos por intermédio de entrevista presencial, na qual foram coletados osseguintes dados: sócio-demográficos, antropométricos, pressão arterial sistêmica e exames bioquímicos de HDL e colesterol.Resultados: a população era maioria feminina (64%), com idade média de 44 anos. 74% da amostra pertenciamà faixa etária de 25 a 55 anos, 42% dos indivíduos apresentaram de 9 a 11 anos de estudo, 15% eram fumantes, sendomais frequente nos homens. Em relação à antropometria, 41% apresentou sobrepeso e 22% obesidade, sem diferençaestatística entre os sexos, na circunferência da cintura, 53% apresentou risco aumentado, sendo mais prevalente no sexofeminino, assim como a RCQ, com risco aumentado em 55% nas mulheres. Para o ERF, a amostra apresentou 14% deindivíduos com risco intermediário/alto, independente do sexo (p>0,05), observando-se associação significativa apenascom idade e o hábito de fumar. Conclusão: Apesar de a amostra estudada ter apresentado alteração em todos os parâmetrosantropométricos avaliados, não houve associação destes com o ERF, porém estudos reportam a importância doERF e das variáveis antropométricas como instrumentos para o diagnóstico e prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares.Sendo assim, é necessário desenvolver, validar ou adaptar este e/ou outros Escores de Risco para a população brasileirae verificar outros fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento de DCV na população estudada devido à alteração dosparâmetros antropométricos encontrados.

Objective: to ascertain the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and itsassociation with anthropometric and socio-demographic factors in a certain population. Method: Cross-sectionalstudy evaluated 100 individuals through personal interview, in which the following data were collected: sociodemographic,anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical and HDL cholesterol. Results: the population wasmostly female (64%) with a mean age of 44 years. 74% of the sample belonged to the age group 25-55 years 42%of patients had 9-11 years of schooling, 15% were smokers, were more frequent in men. In relation to anthropometry,41% were overweight and 22% obese, with no statistical difference between the sexes, in waist circumference,53% showed increased risk, being more prevalent in females, and WHR with risk increased by 55% in women. Forthe ERF, the sample showed 14% of individuals with intermediate risk / high, regardless of sex (p> 0.05), observinga significant association only with age and smoking. Conclusion: although the sample has made changes inall anthropometric parameters were not associated with these ERF, but studies report the importance of ERF andanthropometric variables as instruments for the diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it isnecessary to develop, validate or adapt this and / or other risk scores for the Brazilian population and check other factorsthat influence the development of CVD in this population due to the change of anthropometric parameters found

Predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators for abdominal fat in the oldest old / Capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos na indicação da gordura abdominal em idosos longevos

Cardiovascular diseases are a growing public health problem that affects most people over the age of 65 years and abdominal obesity is one of the risk factors for the development of these diseases. There are several methods that can be used to measure body fat, but their accuracy needs to be evaluated, especially in specific populations such as the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of anthropometric indicators to estimate the percentage of abdominal fat in subjects aged 80 years or older. A total of 125 subjects ranging in age from 80 to 95 years (83.5 ± 3), including 79 women (82.4 ± 3 years) and 46 men (83.6 ± 3 years), were studied. The following anthropometric indicators were used: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The percentage of abdominal fat was measured by DEXA. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed using an ROC curve. The sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0. 578, 0. 934 and 0. 756 for BMI, respectively; 0.703, 0.820 and 0.761 for WC; 0.938, 0.213 and 0.575 for WHR, and 0.984, 0.344 and 0.664 for WHtR. BMI and WC were the anthropometric indicators with the largest area under the curve and were therefore more adequate to identify the presence or absence of abdominal obesity.

As doenças cardiovasculares são um problema crescente de saúde pública que afeta grande parte das pessoas acima de 65 anos, sendo a obesidade abdominal um dos vários fatores para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Existem vários métodos para mensurar gordura corporal, mas é necessário analisar a capacidade preditiva desses métodos, principalmente em algumas populações específicas como, por exemplo, os idosos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos na estimativa do percentual de gordura abdominal de idosos com 80 anos ou mais. Foram avaliados 125 idosos com idade entre 80 e 95 (83,5+ 3 anos), sendo 79 mulheres (82,4 ± 3 anos) e 46 homens (83,6 ± 3 anos). Utilizaram-se os indicadores antropométricos: Índice de Massa Corporal(IMC), Circunferência de Cintura(CC), Razão Cintura Quadril(RCQ) e Razão Cintura Estatura(RCEst), e o percentual de gordura de tronco foi mensurado por meio do DEXA. Foi realizada a análise de sensibilidade(SENS) e especificidade(ESP) mediante a curva ROC, e o IMC apresentou valores de SENS=0,578; ESP=0,934 e AUC= 0,756, a CC SENS= 0,703; ESP= 0,820 e AUC=0,761, a RCQ SENS=0,938; ESP=0,213 e AUC=0,575 e a RCEst SENS=0,984; ESP=0,344 e AUC=0,664. O IMC e a CC foram os indicadores antropométricos que apresentaram maior área sob a curva, e sucessivamente com maior capacidade em detectar aqueles que têm ou não obesidade abdominal.

Lactancia materna y estado nutricional de niños entre 1 y 3 años de edad / Breastfeeding and nutritional status of children between 1 and 3 years of age

Se estudia la relación entre la lactancia materna y el estado nutricional de 127 niñas y 143 niños (n =270) de 1 a 3 años de edad, mediante un estudio de campo descriptivo y transversal, en ambulatorios de Caracas. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, tiempo y duración de la lactancia materna, peso, talla y las circunferencias del brazo y cabeza, para obtener la combinación de indicadores peso para la edad, peso para la talla y talla para la edad, y con ambas circunferencias el Índice de Kanawati-McLaren (K-McL= Circunferencia de brazo/Circunferencia de cabeza). Se aplicaron cuestionarios semiestructurados, al binomio madre-niño Predominaron los estratos sociales IV y V (Pobreza relativa y Crítica, respectivamente) según Graffar modificado, solamente el 17 % de la muestra pertenecía al estrato III (condiciones económicas medias). Al establecer la relación entre la lactancia y el estado nutricional según los indicadores hubo un comportamiento sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En cuanto a la combinación de indicadores y el tiempo y tipo de lactancia practicada en los niños ubicados entre percentiles 10 y 90 y con seis meses de lactancia exclusiva fue realizada sólo por el 8,33% de ellos. En los desnutridos con talla normal, la cifra fue igualmente cercana: 10,81% para esa práctica. Los varones estaban desnutridos en un 21% y las niñas en un 13%. Al aplicar K-McL: 75,63% de los niños amamantados hasta el día de la entrevista resultaron normales (percentil 50 o mediana) y los no amamantados hasta ese momento sumaron un 70,83%(AU)

This study examines the relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status of 127 girls and 143 boys (n =270) 1 to 3 years of age. It was carried out a field descriptive and cross-sectional study in clinics of Caracas. The anthropometric variables were: age, sex, socioeconomic strata, time and duration of the maternal breastfeeding, weight, height, and cephalic and arm circumferences, for the combination of indicators: weight for age, weight for height and height for age, and with both the index Kanawati-McLaren (K-McL) circles and semi structure questionnaires have been implemented. The social stratum IV and V predominated (relative poverty and criticism, respectively) according to modified Graffar, only 17% of the sample belongs to the stratum III (average economic conditions). To establish the relationship between breastfeeding and nutritional status according to the indicators, there was a behavior without statistically significant differences. The combination of indicators and the time and breastfeeding practiced in located children (between 10 and 90 percentile) and six months of exclusive breastfeeding was performed only by 8.33 % of them. In the malnourished with normal stature, the figure was also close: 10,81% for this practice. The boys were undernourished by 21% and the girls by 13%. Applying K-McL: 75, 63% of the children breastfed until the day of the interview were normal (percentile 50 or median), and not breastfed until that time amounted to 70, 83 %(AU)