Evidence of validity of a Jealousy Scale in Peruvian youth and adults: An item response theory approach / Evidencia de validez de una Escala de Celos en jóvenes y adultos peruanos: un enfoque de teoría de respuesta al ítem

Abstract Introduction/Objective: In romantic relationships, jealousy can influence how individuals feel emotionally and interact with their partners. This study analysed the metric properties of the Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS) in young adults from Peru using current methods. Method: A total of 297 individuals were selected to participate in the study. They averaged 26.52 years of age (with a variation of 7.75 years), and 74.10% were women. The study used a technique called Item Response Theory (IRT) with a two-parameter model to confirm the structure and reliability of the BJS. Result: The BJS demonstrated high reliability and fit through goodness-of-fit indices. DIF analysis indicated slight gender biases in some items, reflecting differences in the perception of jealousy between men and women. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance and usefulness of the Jealousy Scale in relationships, as it helps to understand relationship dynamics and guides interventions. Future studies should address issues such as participant selection and study design and examine whether the scale can be used in different cultures.

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: En las relaciones de pareja, los celos pueden influir en cómo se sienten emocionalmente y en cómo interactúan las personas con su pareja. Este estudio analizó las propiedades métricas de la Escala Breve de Celos en jóvenes y adultos de Perú utilizando métodos actuales. Método: Se seleccionaron 297 personas para participar en el estudio. Tenían en promedio 26.52 años (con una variación de 7.75 años) y el 74.10 % eran mujeres. El estudio utilizó una técnica llamada teoría de respuesta al ítem (IRT) con un modelo de dos parámetros para confirmar la estructura y fiabilidad del BJS. Resultados: El BJS demostró una gran confiabilidad y ajuste a través de índices de bondad de ajuste. El análisis DIF indicó ligeros sesgos de género en algunos ítems, lo que refleja diferencias en la percepción de los celos entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El estudio resalta la importancia y utilidad de la Escala de Celos en las relaciones, ya que ayuda a entender cómo funcionan y a saber cómo intervenir. En el futuro, los estudios deben ocuparse de problemas como la selección de participantes y el tipo de estudio realizado, y examinar si la escala se puede usar en diferentes culturas.

Binational study on partner aggression in university students / Estudio binacional sobre las agresiones de pareja en estudiantes universitarios.

This research assesses violence in university students couples from Argentina and Ecuador. It focuses on its association with jealousy and other variables. Seven hundred and fourteen students (528 from the National University of La Plata, Argentina, and 186 students from the University of Cuenca, Ecuador) were surveyed using a cross cutting design. The measures used were Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and other ad hoc methods related to faithfulness, substance use, and stress during dating relationship. A predominance of verbal/emotional violence was found, and 3.8% of the participants had high values in total abuse and more than half reported having committed at least one physical act against his/her partner. In a logistic regression model, it was also verified that belonging to the group of high violence was positive and significantly associated with factors behavioral jealousy, cognitive jealousy, stress and substance use and negative and significantly associated with the age at the beginning of the relationship.

En esta investigación se dimensiona comparativamente la violencia en parejas de estudiantes de nivel universitario de la Argentina y de Ecuador y se explora la asociación con los celos y otras covariables teóricamente relevantes mediante análisis multivariado. Con un diseño de corte transversal se encuestaron 714 estudiantes (528 de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, y 186 de Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, la Multidimensional Jealousy Scale e items ad hoc sobre fidelidad, consumo de sustancias y estrés durante la relación de pareja. Si bien se halló un predominio de la violencia verbal/emocional, el 3,8 % de los participantes alcanzó alto valor en la medida de abuso total cometido y más de la mitad informó haber cometido, por lo menos, un acto violento físico durante la relación índice. En modelo de regresión logística se verificó que la condición de pertenecer al grupo de alta violencia se asoció positiva y significativamente con los factores celos comportamentales, celos cognitivos,estrés y consumo de sustancias, y negativa y significativamente con la edad al comienzo de la relación.

Jealousy and the Male (Im)Potency: Psychodynamic Reading from a Gender Perspective / Ciúmes e Anseios de (Im)Potência Masculina: Leitura Psicodinâmica Sob uma Ótica de Gênero

Abstract Subjective experiences of jealousy are crossed by cultural and gender dimensions. From a perspective of masculinity studies, this article aims to offer a hermeneutic analysis of how cisgender men understand, designate, and experience this affection, through qualitative research containing narrative interviews and content analysis. The participants were 8 subjects in heterosexual relationships with complaints about feeling and/or receiving jealousy. The received jealousy is analyzed under the category "jealous women, strengthened men". The feeling of jealousy is discussed through three categories: "feeling jealous amid the narcissistic issues of (im)potency"; "noticing and avoiding: the ambivalences of jealous affection"; "a disguised jealousy that demands submission from women". A gendered reading of emotional and narcissistic issues showed how experiences of male jealousy are linked to the efficacy dispositif.

Resumo Vivências subjetivas do ciúme são atravessadas por dimensões culturais e de gênero. Na perspectiva dos estudos das masculinidades, objetiva-se uma análise hermenêutica de como homens cisgênero entendem, nomeiam e experienciam esse afeto. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas narrativas e análise de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 8 sujeitos em relacionamentos heteroafetivos com queixas sobre sentir e/ou receber ciúmes. Na categoria "elas ciumentas, eles fortalecidos", analisa-se o ciúme recebido. Discute-se sobre o ciúme sentido em três categorias: "enciumar-se em meio às questões narcísicas da (im)potência"; "perceber e se esquivar: das ambivalências do afeto ciumento"; "um ciúme disfarçado, mas que exige delas submissão". Uma leitura gendrada das questões emocionais e narcísicas evidenciaram como experiências ciumentas masculinas se articulam ao dispositivo da eficácia.

Validation of the Short-Facebook Jealousy Scale among Colombian Men and Women

Social networks, particularly Facebook, influence romantic relationships, as they can generate jealousy and conflict between members of the couple. The Facebook Jealousy Scale (FJS) is an instrument that assesses jealousy about using Facebook, but no similar instrument is available in Colombia. The main aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the FJS in a Colombian sample of 485 men and 727 women. Participants answered the socio-demographic questionnaire, the adaptation of the Facebook Jealousy Scale, Romantic Partner Conflict Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Romantic Jealousy Scale. The final version of the FJS was made up of 15 items which were distributed across three dimensions: Partner's Activity, Partner's Surveillance, Partner's Romantic and Sexual relationship. Ordinal's alpha values from its three factors ranged between .90 and .95. Concurrent validity was also provided, as the measure was associated with dimensions from partner conflict, self-esteem, and romantic jealousy. An invariance test by gender was also performed, resulting in compliance with metric invariance. Therefore, the FJS is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers who work on issues related to romantic relationships. Research analyzing Facebook jealousy provides an interesting indicator of couple's monitoring and controlling behaviors, which are features of psychological abuse, a subtype of intimate partner violence.

Las redes sociales, particularmente Facebook, influyen en las relaciones sentimentales, ya que pueden generar celos y conflictos entre los miembros de la pareja. La Escala de Celos de Facebook (FJS) es un instrumento que evalúa los celos por el uso de Facebook, y no hay ningún instrumento similar disponible en Colombia. El objetivo principal fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas del FJS en una muestra colombiana de 485 hombres y 727 mujeres. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la adaptación de la Escala de Celos de Facebook, la Escala de Conflicto de Pareja Romántica, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Celos Románticos. La versión final de la FJS estuvo conformada por 15 ítems que, a su vez, conformaron tres dimensiones: Actividad de la pareja, Vigilancia de la pareja, Relación romántica y sexual de la pareja. Los valores de alfa ordinal de los tres factores oscilaron entre .90 y .95. También se demostró validez concurrente con otras dimensiones relacionadas con conflicto en la pareja, autoestima y celos románticos. El análisis de invarianza según género resultó en un nivel de invarianza métrica. El FJS es una medida que puede ser útil para la práctica clínica y los investigadores que trabajan en temas relacionados con las relaciones románticas. La investigación que analice los celos asociados al Facebook ofrecerá un interesante indicador de la supervisión en el contexto de pareja y las conductas de control, elementos clave del abuso psicológico, un subtipo de la violencia de pareja.

Social media jealousy and life satisfaction in romantic relationships: mediation role of communication skills / Celos en redes sociales y satisfacción en relaciones románticas: papel mediador de las habilidades comunicativas

Abstract Objective. The main aim of this study is to examine the mediation role of communication skills in the relationship between social media jealousy and life satisfaction in individuals with romantic relationships. Method. The sample group of the study consisted of a total of 445 individuals who have a romantic relationship, 228 females and 217 males aged from 18 to 31 in the period of emerging adulthood. The mean age of participants in the study was 23.49 (SD = 3.29). In order to gather data Social Media Jealousy Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Communication Skills Scale. Results. According to the findings of the study, social media jealousy negatively predicted life satisfaction. The main focus and other important finding of the study was that communication skills mediated the relationship between social media jealousy and life satisfaction. This study emphasises the mediating role of communication skills between social media jealousy and life satisfaction in individuals with romantic relationships and suggests that developing and strengthening communication skills. This study points to an important area in terms of understanding and improving the effects of social media interactions on emotional experience and life satisfaction.

Resumen Objetivo. El objetivo principal de este estudio es examinar el papel mediador de las habilidades comunicativas en relación con los celos en las redes sociales y la satisfacción vital en individuos con relaciones románticas. Método. El grupo de muestra del estudio consistió en un total de 445 individuos que mantienen una relación romántica, 228 mujeres y 217 hombres con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 31. La edad media de los participantes en el estudio era de 23.49 años (DT = 3.29). Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron la Escala de Celos en las Redes Sociales, la Escala de Satisfacción Vital y la Escala de Habilidades Comunicativas. Resultados. Según los resultados del estudio, los celos de las redes sociales predijeron negativamente la satisfacción vital. El principal hallazgo fue que las habilidades comunicativas mediaron la relación entre los celos en los medios sociales y la satisfacción vital. Este estudio subraya el papel mediador de las habilidades de comunicación entre los celos de los medios sociales y la satisfacción vital en individuos con relaciones románticas y recomienda el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las habilidades de comunicación. Este estudio apunta a un área importante en términos de comprensión y mejora de los efectos de las interacciones de los medios sociales en la experiencia emocional y la satisfacción vital.

Jealousy, sexism, and romantic love myths: the role of beliefs in online dating violence.

With the massification of the Internet and social networks, a new form of dating violence called cyber-violence has emerged, which involves behaviors of control, humiliation, intimidation and threats towards the partner or ex-partner. Using a non-probabilistic sample of 1,001 participants aged 18 to 25 years, the present study used an ex post facto, retrospective, cross-sectional, single-group design to analyze the joint effects that beliefs associated with dating violence such as romantic love myths, jealousy, and sexism have on the victimization and perpetration of cyber-violence. The results evidenced that jealousy is involved in both Cyber-victimization and Cyber-harassment perpetrated, while sexist beliefs are only involved in perpetration. In the discussion section, it is postulated that cyber-violence is a phenomenon that is more related to the probability of aggression, but not to the probability of being a victim. Finally, limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

The role of gender and romantic jealousy in intimate partner violence against women, a mixed-methods study in Northern Ecuador.

Male romantic jealousy is a commonly cited driver of intimate partner violence against women. An in-depth, contextualised understanding of the pathways and mechanisms from jealousy to intimate partner violence is, however, needed to inform programmes and interventions. We triangulated data from 48 interviews, eight focus groups and 1216 survey findings from low-income married women and men in northern Ecuador. Male jealousy was associated with controlling behaviours (aOR: 14.47, 95% CI: 9.47, 22.12) and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.12). Controlling behaviours were associated with physical and sexual intimate partner violence (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.84). Qualitatively we found that most respondents framed jealousy within a discourse of love, and three triggers of male jealousy leading to intimate partner violence were identified: (1) community gossip, which acted as a mechanism of community control over women's movements and sexuality; (2) women joining the labour force, which was quantitatively associated with intimate partner violence and partially mediated by jealousy; and (3) women's refusal to have sex, which could lead husbands to coerce sex through accusations of infidelity. Gender-transformative interventions at the individual, couple and community level providing models of alternative masculinities and femininities may offer promise in reducing intimate partner violence in Ecuador. Importantly, future economic empowerment interventions should address jealousy to mitigate potential intimate partner violence backlash.

Attachment, Jealousy, and Conjugal Violence / Apego, Ciúme e Violência Conjugal

Abstract Psychological aggression is the most common manifestation of intimate partner violence. Literature demonstrates that attachment and jealousy can predict intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model in which jealousy is a mediator between attachment and psychological aggression. This is a quantitative study, with cross-sectional and explanatory design. A sample of 600 people, aged between 18 and 65 years old, residing in 13 Brazilian states, was investigated. A Sociodemographic data questionnaire, Psychological Aggression Sub-scales (CTS2), Questionnaire on the Affective Relationships (QAR), Interpersonal Jealousy Scale (IJC) and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS 2) were used. Structural equation modeling indicated that jealousy functioned as a mediator between attachment and psychological aggressions, alerting to the possibility of prevention in conjugality through early interventions.

Resumo A agressão psicológica é a manifestação mais comum da violência conjugal. A literatura demonstra que o apego e o ciúme podem predizer a violência conjugal. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico em que o ciúme é um mediador entre o apego e a agressão psicológica. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, com delineamento transversal e explicativo. Foi investigada uma amostra de 600 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 65 anos, residentes em 13 estados brasileiros. Foi utilizado um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, uma subescala de agressão psicológica (CTS2), questionário de relacionamentos afetivos (QAR), Escala interpessoal de ciúme (IJC) e Escala de apego adulto (AAS 2). Por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais, os resultados indicaram que o ciúme funcionou como mediador entre o apego e a agressão psicológica, alertando para a possibilidade de intervenções precoces na conjugalidade.

Delusional Jealousy: How Can Treatment be Improved? A Case Report / Delirio celotípico: ¿cómo se puede mejorar el tratamiento? Un reporte de caso

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque el delirio celotípico represente solo cerca del 10% de los trastornos delirantes, se asocia un riesgo de violencia grave y suicidio. Con este caso clínico se pretende explorar las dificultades en el tratamento farmacológico del trastorno de delirio celotípico y resumir los hallazgos más recientes en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Métodos: Reporte de caso. Presentación del caso: Un varón de 76 anos tuvo un ingreso involuntario en el departamento de psiquiatría debido a amenazas de agresión física a su esposa en el contexto de ideas irreductibles de su infidelidad. Inicialmente se observó una mejoría de los síntomas con risperidona y su formulación inyectable de acción prolongada, pero la aparición de efectos secundarios hipotensivos requirió la prescripción off-label de palmitato de paliperidona 50 mg/ml. Conclusiones: Pocos estudios, principalmente reportes de casos, abordan el tratamiento específico del delirio celotípico. Dadas las consecuencias negativas para los pacientes y sus cónyuges, se necesita una mejor evidencia científica para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although delusional jealousy accounts for merely 10% of delusional disorders, it is associated to risk of serious violence and suicide. With this clinical case, we intend to explore the difficulties in the pharmacological approach of delusional jealousy disorder and to summarise the most recent findings in the treatment of this condition. Methods: Case report. Case presentation: A 76-year-old man involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric ward due to threats of physical aggression to his wife in the context of irreducible ideas of her infidelity. Initially, we observed an improvement of symptomatology with risperidone and its long-acting injectable formulation, but the emergence of hypotensive side effects required the off-label use of paliperidone palmitate 50 mg/ml. Conclusions: Few studies, mainly case reports, look at the specific treatment of delusional jealousy. Given the negative consequences for patients and for their spouses, better scientific evidence to treat this condition is needed.

Jealousy Is Influenced by Sex of the Individual, Their Partner, and Their Rival.

Jealousy is an affective state activated by a perceived threat to a valued relationship by a third party. On average, males report higher distress about their partner's sexual extra-pair involvement, while females show higher emotional jealousy. These sex differences are specific to heterosexuals and to contexts with potential reproductive costs. We tested the effect of sex and sexual orientation of the individual, and sex of the partner and potential rival on sexual versus emotional jealousy. Sexual orientation was operationalized as a willingness to form long-term relationships with men, women, or both. Heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual males (N = 416) and females (N = 1328) from Brazil, Chile, and Portugal responded to the Sexual vs. Emotional Jealousy Scale and then ranked their distress to four hypothetical scenarios: sexual or emotional involvement of their partner with a male or a female rival. This is the first study to simultaneously test for an effect of self, partner, and rival sex on jealousy: bisexual individuals responded twice, about a hypothetical female and about a male partner. Individuals were most preoccupied with their partner's emotional relationship with a rival of the same sex as the respondent. Heterosexual males reported higher sexual jealousy than the other groups, but did not differ from bisexual men responding about female partners. Bisexual females were more upset by sexual extra-pair involvement of their female (versus male) partners with a male rival. Thus, jealousy was influenced by sex and sexual orientation of the individuals, sex of the partners, and also by sex of the rivals: same-sex rivals were perceived as most threatening. This suggests that besides being a strategy to maintain a primary relationship, jealousy is particularly sensitive to same-sex competitors, being an intra-sexual competition strategy.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale in Brazilian Portuguese.

The Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale (PDIS) assesses how people perceive infidelity through specific behaviors. Originally developed by Wilson et al. (2011), it contains 12 items distributed into three factors: (1) ambiguous, (2) deceptive, and (3) explicit behaviors. In the present research, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the PDIS in Brazilian Portuguese were performed. First, qualitative analyses took place: translation, translation synthesis, content validation, pre-test, and reverse translation. Then, quantitative analyses were conducted: psychometric parameter tests with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. A total of 252 participants were recruited, 160 of whom were female (63.5%). The results indicated consistent PDIS adequacy (conceptual and idiomatic equivalences); satisfactory content validity coefficients regarding language clarity, practical pertinence, and theoretical relevance; and an almost perfect level of consensus regarding the theoretical dimension. The application of the pre-test was proven to be a good parameter for estimating the comprehension of the instrument in the culture for which it was intended. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good indices of adjustment quality of the tested trifactorial model (three factors being identified with ambiguous, deceptive, and explicit behaviors). Therefore, the structure indicated in the original version was corroborated and the instrument's reliability confirmed. The Brazilian Portuguese PDIS is a useful tool for evaluating infidelity perceptions in the Brazilian culture.

Diseño y análisis psicométrico de un instrumento para evaluar celos / Design and psychometric analysis of an instrument to assess jealousy

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas del CECLA, un instrumento para evaluar celos. La prueba se realizó con base en las respuestas de las entrevistas aplicadas a una muestra clínica, que coincidieron con los planteamientos teóricos desde una perspectiva patológica. Para esto, se realizó una investigación de tipo instrumental en la que se contó con una muestra de 1218 personas que contestaron la prueba, de las cuales ocho conformaron la muestra clínica, 408 participaron en la prueba piloto, y 802 en la prueba final. Los participantes fueron hombres y mujeres con edades entre los 18 y los 71 años, de diferente estado civil, orientación sexual, nivel socioeconómico, educativo, ocupación y región de Colombia. Para la validación de contenido participaron doce expertos, ocho psicólogos clínicos y cuatro metodólogos. En definitiva, el instrumento quedó conformado por 19 ítems que evalúan tres clases de celos: pasionales, obsesivos y delirantes. La consistencia interna, la evidencia de validez mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, la estabilidad temporal, la validez convergente, el ajuste de los ítems al modelo de Rasch y la equivalencia de estos indicadores bajo los dos modelos analizados indican que el CECLA es un instrumento válido, fiable y útil para el objetivo y contexto para el cual fue elaborado.

Abstract The objective of this research was to design and analyze the psychometric properties of CECLA, an instrument to evaluate jealousy. The test was carried out based on the answers to the interviews applied to a clinical sample, which coincided with the theoretical approaches from a pathological perspective. For this purpose, an instrumental research was carried out in which a sample of 1218 people answered the test, of which eight made up the clinical sample, 408 participated in the pilot test, and 802 in the final test. The participants were men and women between the ages of 18 and 71, of different marital status, sexual orientation, socioeconomic and educational level, occupation and region of Colombia. Twelve experts, eight clinical psychologists and four methodologists participated in the validation of the content. In short, the instrument was made up of 19 items that evaluate three kinds of jealousy: passionate, obsessive and delusional. Internal consistency, evidence of validity using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, temporal stability, convergent validity, items adjustment to Rasch's model and equivalence of these indicators under the two models analyzed indicate that CECLA is a valid, reliable and useful instrument for the objective and context for which it was elaborated.

Celos y violencia en parejas de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador

En esta investigación se dimensiona la violencia en parejas de estudiantes universitarios y se explora su relación con los celos y otros correlatos. Con un diseño de corte transversal se encuestaron 186 estudiantes de Universidad de Cuenca. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, la Multidimensional Jealousy Scale e items ad hoc sobre fidelidad, consumo de sustancias y estrés durante la relación de pareja. Los puntajes de violencia fueron bajos en general, pero preocupantes en el 5.4% de los encuestados. El 60.2% informó haber cometido por lo menos un acto violento físico durante la relación de pareja index. Los subtipos de violencia medidos tuvieron distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. La correlación entre violencia total cometida y sufrida fue .77 (p< .001). Se verificó asociación significativa entre la pertenencia al grupo de mayor violencia y los celos comportamentales y el estrés padecido durante la pareja.

Nesta pesquisa, dimensiona-se a violência em casais de estudantes universitários e explora-se sua relação com o ciúme e outros correlatos. Com um desenho transversal, foram estudados 186 alunos da Universidade de Cuenca. Os instrumentos utilizados foram oConflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, aMultidimensional Jealousy Scalee itens ad hoc sobre fidelidade, uso de substâncias e estresse no relacionamento. Os escores de violência foram baixos em geral, mas preocupantes em 5,4% dos participantes. 60,2% relataram ter cometido pelo menos um ato de violência física durante o relacionamento. Os subtipos de violência medidos tiveram distribuição semelhante entre homens e mulheres. A correlação entre o total de violência cometida e sofrida foi de .77 (p <.001). Houve associação significativa entre pertencimento ao grupo de maior violência, ciúme comportamental e estresse sofrido durante o relacionamento.

This research work evaluates violence in couples of university students and focuses on their relationship with jealousy and other variables. Using a cross-sectional design, 186 students from the University of Cuenca, Ecuador, were surveyed. Instruments used were Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and other ad hoc methods related to fidelity, substance use, and stress during dating relationship. Violence scores observed were low in general though disturbing in 5.4% of students surveyed. Noticeably, 60.2% of them reported to have committed at least one physical violent act during their index dating relationship. Violence subtypes measured showed similar distribution between men and women. Correlation between total violence committed and suffered was .77 (p< .001). A significant association was observed between the highest violence group and behavioral jealousy and stress during dating relationship.

Intimate Partner Violence in Nicaragua: The Role of Possessive Jealousy, Intrasexual Competitiveness, Life History, Mate Value, and Stress.

Using an evolutionary perspective, we examined predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Department of the Rio San Juan in Nicaragua. Specifically, we focused on possessive jealousy, intrasexual competitiveness, life history strategy, mate value, and stress. The sample consisted of 199 men and 201 women (mean age = 36.48, SD = 10.47) from the general population who were all personally interviewed. For all variables, validated measures were used. The data were analyzed for men and women separately, using regression analyses. In contrast to previous research and our expectations, possessive jealousy was not related to IPV among men or women. Rather, among men, IPV was independently predicted by (a) intrasexual competitiveness, (b) a fast life history strategy, (c) a low mate value, and (d) stress, together explaining 35% of the variance. Among women, violence against one's partner was only predicted by intrasexual competitiveness (3% explained variance). These results suggest that perpetration of IPV in Nicaragua may have qualitative different roots among men than among women, and that for men, more "triggers" are present which may evoke aggression toward their partners. These results are discussed in light of their relevance for theory and practice.

Compasión, celos y envidia: emociones sociales y cyberbullying entre adolescentes / Compassion, jealousy and envy: social emotions and cyberbullying among adolescents

Las emociones cumplen un papel fundamental en la capacidad de acción de los seres humanos, razón por la cual es indispensable estudiarlas para entender los fenómenos sociales contemporáneos en los que participan los adolescentes. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender las experiencias de la compasión, los celos y la envidia de los adolescentes implicados en situaciones de cyberbullying en los roles de espectadores y agresores. Se trata de una investigación con diseño cualitativo en la que se entrevistó a 31 adolescentes entre los 12 y 17 años (M=15,23, DS=1,6) que participaron de situaciones de cyberbullying como espectadores y/o agresores. Los resultados indican que la compasión adquiere la forma de tristeza y rabia, especialmente entre los espectadores de cyberbullying. Por otra parte, los celos son un motivo que justifica la agresión a otros a través de Internet, y una forma de gestionar las tensiones en los vínculos sexo-afectivos. El uso de redes sociales digitales y la participación en escenarios presenciales en los que se disputan posiciones a nivel académico favorece el proceso de comparación social vinculado a la envidia que está en la base del cyberbullying. Finalmente, este estudio es una invitación para padres, docentes e institucionales estatales a que acompañen a los adolescentes a gestionar sus conflictos sin que las agresiones presenciales y online medien en sus interacciones

Emotions play a fundamental role in the capacity for action of human beings, which is why it is essential to study them in order to understand contemporary social phenomena in which adolescents participate. This research aims to understand the experiences of compassion, jealousy and envy of adolescents involved in cyberbullying situations in the roles of bystanders and aggressors. This is a qualitative design research in which 31 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 (M=15.23, SD=1.6) who participated in cyberbullying situations as bystanders and aggressors were interviewed. The results indicate that compassion takes the form of sadness and anger, especially among cyberbullying bystanders. On the other hand, jealousy is a motive that justifies aggression to others through the Internet, and a way of managing tensions in sex-affective bonds. The use of digital social networks and participation in face-to-face scenarios in which positions are disputed at the academic level, favours the process of social comparison linked to envy that is at the basis of cyberbullying. Finally, this study is an invitation for parents, teachers and state institutions to accompany adolescents in managing their conflicts without face-to-face and online aggressions mediating their interactions.

Trastorno delirante: un caso de celotipia / Dilusional Disorder: The celotipic case

El trastorno delirante es un trastorno psiquiátrico poco frecuente y se caracteriza por la presencia de ideas delirantes cuyo contenido puede ser de tipo erotomaníaco, de persecución, celotipia, de grandeza y somática. Tiene un inicio insidioso y tiende a la cronicidad, altera la conducta, repercute en la funcionalidad del individuo y compromete sus relaciones interpersonales. La etiología es desconocida, el diagnóstico se realiza mediante la clínica apoyándose en los criterios del DSM-V o CIE-10 y el tratamiento disponible en la actualidad proporciona una respuesta limitada. En general los pacientes no reconocen el trastorno, no recurren a la atención médica y tienen baja adherencia al tratamiento. El caso clínico que se expone es de un hombre de mediana edad que presenta un Trastorno Delirante tipo celotípico dirigido a su esposa y que gradualmente compromete la calidad de vida del paciente y pone a la familia en riesgo vital; su respuesta al antipsicótico atípico fue parcial, pero con mejoría considerable en la convivencia familiar. La importancia de este caso clínico reside en que es una patología poco prevalente y menos conocida por los profesionales del área de salud u otras disciplinas afines, además que no hay publicaciones en el medio sobre el tema; por lo que es necesario dar a conocer casos como este, proporcionando información para un diagnóstico temprano con tratamiento oportuno, con el fin de mejorar el pronóstico a largo plazo y la calidad de vida del paciente, además de prevenir conductas delictivas, con posibles desenlaces fatales. .

Delusional disorder is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of delusional ideas, such as the erotomaniac, persecution, celotype, greatness and somatic type. It has an insidious onset and tends to be chronic. Delusional disorder alters behavior, affecting the functionality of the individual and compromising their interpersonal relationships. The etiology is unknown, the diagnosis is made through the clinic based on the criteria of the DSM-V or ICD-10, and the treatment currently available provides a limited response. In general, patients do not recognize the disorder, do not seek medical attention, and have low adherence to treatment. In one clinical case, for example, a middle-aged man who presents a Celotypic Delusional Disorder directed at his wife gradually compromises the quality of his life and puts the family at vital risk; their response to the atypical antipsychotic was partial, but it improved family life considerably. This clinical case is important because this pathology is not very prevalent or well-understood by professionals in the health area or other related disciplines. There are also no media publications on the subject, so it is necessary to publicize these types of cases and provide information for an early diagnosis with timely treatment. Additional information can be used to improve the long-term prognosis and quality of the patient’s life, in addition to preventing criminal behavior with possible fatal outcomes.

Ciúme, o inferno do amante ferido: Bruno, Otelo, Dimítri / Jealousy, the injured love's hell: Bruno, Othello, Dmitry / Celos, el infierno del amante herido: Bruno, Otelo, Dimitri / Jalousie, l'enfer de l'amant blessé: Bruno, Othello, Dimitri

Neste trabalho focalizo um componente do amor, o sentimento do ciúme, que é uma experiência de contato com o mundo que se constitui muito cedo na vida e na história do indivíduo. Para tanto, uso cenas da análise de um menino de 8 anos, Bruno, e discuto alguns aspectos dos personagens Otelo, de Shakespeare, e Dimítri de Os irmãos Karamázov, de Dostoiévski. O material clínico, assim como os exemplos extraídos da literatura são apresentados com o intuito de ilustrar e refletir a respeito de algumas das nuanças desse sentimento perturbador. Ao fim, apresento breve associação com o complexo de Édipo.

In this work I focus on a component of love, the feeling of jealousy, which the individual experiences very early in life when coming in contact with the external world. For this, I make use of analysis sessions with an 8-year-old boy and discuss aspects of the characters Othello in Shakespeare's play and Dmitry from Dostoyevsky's The brothers Karamazov. The clinical material, together with the examples extracted from the literature, is presented in order to illustrate and reflect on some nuances of this disturbing feeling. To conclude, I establish a brief association with the Oedipus' complex.

En este trabajo me centro en un componente del amor, el sentimiento de los celos, que es una experiencia de contacto con el mundo que se forma muy temprano en la vida e historia del individuo. Para ello, utilizo material de análisis de un niño de 8 años, y analizo algunos aspectos de los personajes Otelo, de Shakespeare, y Dimitri de Los hermanos Karamazov, de Dostoievski. El material clínico, así como los ejemplos extraídos de la literatura se presentan con el objetivo de ilustrar y reflexionar sobre algunos matices de este inquietante sentimiento. Para concluir, establezco una breve asociación con el complejo de Edipo.

Dans ce travail, je me concentre sur une composante de l'amour, le sentiment de jalousie, qui est une expérience de contact avec le monde qui se forme très tôt dans la vie et l'histoire de l'individu. À cette fin, j'utilise des scènes de l'analyse d'un garçon de huit ans, Bruno, et je discute quelques aspects des personnages d'Othello, de Shakespeare, et Dimitri des Frères Karamazov, de Dostoïevski. Le matériel clinique ainsi que les exemples extraits de la littérature sont présentés afin d'illustrer et de réfléchir sur certaines nuances de ce sentiment dérangeant. Pour conclure, j'établis une brève association avec le complexe d'Œdipe.

Seria o ciúme mediador entre as experiências na família de origem e a violência física na conjugalidade? / Is jealousy a mediator between experiences in the family of origin and physical violence in conjugality? / Serián los celos mediadores entre las vivencias en la familia de origen y la violencia física en la conjugalidad?

A violência conjugal é um fenômeno multideterminado, o qual sofre impacto de experiências precoces e atuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico no qual o ciúme é mediador entre as experiências na família de origem e a violência física conjugal. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento quantitativo, transversal e explicativo. Contou com uma amostra de 600 pessoas, de 18 a 65 anos, residentes em 13 estados brasileiros. Os instrumentos foram questionário sociodemográfico, FBQ, CTS2 e ICR, em uma coleta por formulário eletrônico na internet. Modelagem de equações estruturais foi utilizada para testar a validade empírica do modelo teórico. Os resultados indicaram que o ciúme media parcialmente as experiências na família de origem e a ocorrência da violência conjugal. Os dados apontam para a necessidade de atenção ao ciúme nos relacionamentos amorosos, como forma de atuar na prevenção às situações de violência conjugal. (AU)

Conjugal violence is a multidetermined phenomenon, which is impacted by early and present experiences. The objective of this study was to test a theoretical model in which jealousy mediates between experiences in the family of origin and physical domestic violence. This was a quantitative, transversal, and explanatory study, which counted on a sample of 600 people, aged from 18 to 65 years, from 13 Brazilian states. The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the FBQ, the CTS2, and the RJI, all collected electronically. Structural equation modeling was used to test the empirical validity of the theoretical model. The results indicated that jealousy partially mediates the experiences in the family of origin and the occurrence of conjugal violence. The data point to the need for attention to jealousy in love relationships, as a way of acting in the prevention of situations of conjugal violence. (AU)

La violencia conyugal es un fenómeno multideterminado, el cual sufre impacto de experiencias tempranas y actuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue testar un modelo teórico en el cual los celos son mediadores entre las vivencias en la familia de origen y la violencia física conyugal. Se trata de un estudio con delineamiento cuantitativo, transversal y explicativo. Se contó con una muestra de 600 personas, de 18 a 65 años, residentes en 13 estados brasileños. Los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario sociodemográfico, FBQ, CTS2 e ICR, recogidos por medio de formulario electrónico en internet. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales fue utilizado para testar la validez empírica del modelo teórico. Los resultados indicaron que los celos midieron parcialmente las vivencias en la familia de origen y la ocurrencia de la violencia conyugal. Los datos señalan la necesidad de atención de los celos en las relaciones amorosas, como forma de actuar en la prevención de las situaciones de violencia conyugal. (AU)

Síndrome de Otelo secundario a tuberculoma cerebral: a propósito de un caso / Othello Syndrome Secondary to Cerebral Tuberculoma: A Case Report

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de Otelo, epónimo del personaje de Shakespeare, es un término diagnóstico transnosológico que designa un cuadro caracterizado por delirios de infidelidad respecto a la pareja que, por consiguiente, puede acarrear actitudes celotípicas y conductas violentas hacia ella. En su forma pura, corresponde al trastorno delirante de infidelidad, pero también puede ser secundario a organicidad cerebral y a consumo de drogas. Métodos: Reporte de caso y revisión no sistemática de la literatura relevante. Presentación del caso: Varón de 26 arios con antecedente de consumo de drogas y víctima de maltrato infantil, 3 años antes había sufrido crisis convulsivas tónico-clónicas e hipertensión intracraneal, por lo que se sometió a una craneotomía, en la que se halló un tuberculoma cerebral frontal derecho. Tras un lapso, comenzó con delirios de infidelidad y conductas violentas hacia su pareja. Revisión de la literatura: Los celos delirantes se asocian, como otros delirios, a lesiones del lóbulo frontal derecho. Pese a la elevada y creciente prevalencia mundial de tuberculosis, no se han publicado casos de síndrome de Otelo secundario a tuberculoma cerebral. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Otelo, aunque no es la principal causa de violencia doméstica, puede asociarse con manifestaciones particularmente violentas y ser secundario a tuberculoma cerebral. Este es el primer caso de tal índole que se publica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Othello syndrome, an eponym of Shakespeare's character, is a transnosological diagnostic term that designates a clinical picture characterised by the presence of delusions of infidelity with respect to a partner and that, consequently, can lead to typical jealousy attitudes and violent behaviour towards the partner. In its pure form, it corresponds to delusional disorder of infidelity, but it may also be secondary to brain organicity and drug use. Methods: Case report and non-systematic review of the relevant literature. Case presentation: A 26-year-old man, with a history of drug abuse and a victim of domestic violence as a child, presented with tonic-clonic seizures and intracranial hypertension three years ago, for which he underwent a craniotomy with the finding of a right frontal cerebral tuberculoma. After a lapse, he developed a clinical picture of delusions of infidelity regarding his partner and violent behaviour towards her. Literature review: Delusional jealousy is associated, like other delusions, with lesions of the right frontal lobe. Despite the high and growing prevalence of tuberculosis worldwide, there are no reported cases of Othello syndrome secondary to cerebral tuberculoma in the literature. Conclusion: Othello syndrome, although not the main cause of domestic violence, can be associated with particularly violent manifestations and be secondary to cerebral tuberculoma. This is the first published case of its kind.

Evaluación de la asociación entre el estilo de apego parental y los celos románticos en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios colombianos / Evaluation of the association between the style of parental attachment and the romantic jealouses in a colombian college student sample

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre el estilo de apego parental y los celos románticos en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios colombianos entre los 18 y 25 años. Participaron de manera voluntaria 614 jóvenes, 421 mujeres (69%) y 193 hombres (31%), con una relación de pareja vigente de más de seis meses de duración. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares (IPPA, Armsden y Greenberg, 1987, adaptada por Rocha, Benítez, De-Irala, sin publicar), con el cual se evaluó el apego parental con respecto a su cuidador primario, y la Escala Interpersonal de Celos (Mathes y Severa, 1981, adaptada por Martínez-León, Mathes, Avendaño, Peña y Sierra, 2018) con la cual se midieron los celos románticos en la relación de pareja de los participantes. Los resultados mostraron que en la variable estrato socioeconómico nivel medio (estratos 3 y 4) existe una relación significativa (p = .023) la cual indica que, en esta muestra específica, el estilo de apego parental está asociado con el nivel de los celos románticos en la relación de pareja.

Abstract The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationship between parental attachment style and romantic jealousy in a group of Colombian students between 18 and 25 years old. Volunteers participated 614 young people, 421 (69%) women and 193 (31%) men, with a current relationship of more than six months. The instruments used were the Inventory of Attachment with Parents and Peers (IPPA, Armsden y Greenberg, 1987, adapted by Rocha, Benítez, De-Irala, unpublished), with which assessed parental attachment with respect to their primary caregiver, and the Interpersonal Scale of Jealousy (Mathes & Severa, 1981, adapted by Martínez-León, Mathes, Avendaño, Peña and Sierra, 2018), with which was measured romantic jealousy in the couple's relationship of the participants. The results showed that in the variable socioeconomic mid-level (strata 3 and 4) there is a significant relationship (p = .023) which indicates that, in this specific sample, the Parental attachment style is associated with the level of romantic jealousy in the couple's relationship.