Burnout em Atletas de Futebol Sub-20 / Burnout in Under-20 Soccer Athletes / Burnout en Deportistas de Fútbol Sub-20

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de síndrome de burnout e comparar a percepção da síndrome pré e pós-temporada em atletas sub-20 de futebol de campo. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 48 atletas do sexo masculino de 5 clubes profissionais, com média de idade de 18,5 ± 0,7 anos. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uma ficha sociodemográfica e o Questionário de Burnout para Atletas (QBA). Para as médias das dimensões e burnout total foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. A normalidade dos dados foi considerada não-paramétrica por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Em seguida foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para avaliar possíveis diferenças de sentimentos de burnout pré e pós-temporada. O nível de significância adotado foi p< 0,05. O tamanho de efeito foi medido pelo teste d de Cohen. Resultados e Discussão: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas variações de sentimentos de burnout total e por dimensões antes e após a temporada (p>0,05) e o tamanho de efeito das comparações foi considerado pequeno (Cohen d < 0, 30). Conclusão: Os atletas apresentaram baixa prevalência de síndrome de burnout, tanto no início quanto no final da temporada. Quanto à percepção das dimensões de burnout, os atletas não apresentaram altos níveis, o que pode sinalizar que os atletas conseguem lidar de maneira adaptativa com as demandas tanto no âmbito esportivo como pessoal

Objective: To identify the prevalence of burnout syndrome and compare the perception of the syndrome before and after the season in under-20 field soccer athletes. Methodology: The study involved 48 male athletes from 5 professional clubs, with an average age of 18.46 ± 0.69 years. Data collection included a sociodemographic form and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Descriptive statistics were used for means of dimensions and total burnout. Data normality was considered non-parametric using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Subsequently, the Wilcoxon test was employed to assess potential differences in burnout feelings before and after the season. The adopted significance level was p < 0.05. Effect size was measured by Cohen's d test. Results and discussion: No significant differences were found in variations of total burnout feelings and by dimensions before and after the season (p > 0.05), and the effect size of the comparisons was considered small (Cohen d < 0.30). Conclusion: Athletes displayed a low prevalence of burnout syndrome, both at the beginning and end of the season. Regarding the perception of burnout dimensions, athletes did not exhibit high levels, which may indicate that athletes can adaptively cope with demands in both the sports and personal spheres.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout y comparar la percepción del síndrome antes y después de la temporada en deportistas de fútbol sub-20. Metodología: Participaron en el estudio 48 atletas masculinos de 5 clubes profesionales, con una edad promedio de 18.46 ± 0.69 años. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Questionário de Burnout para Atletas (QBA). Para las medias de las dimensiones y el burnout total se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. La normalidad de los datos se consideró no paramétrica a través de la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Luego se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para evaluar posibles diferencias en los sentimientos de burnout antes y después de la temporada. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue p < 0,05. El tamaño del efecto se midió mediante la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados y discusión: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variaciones de los sentimientos de burnout total y por dimensiones antes y después de la temporada (p > 0,05), y el tamaño del efecto de las comparaciones se consideró pequeño (Cohen d < 0,30). Conclusión: Los deportistas mostraron una baja prevalencia del síndrome de burnout, tanto al comienzo como al final de la temporada. En cuanto a la percepción de las dimensiones de burnout, los deportistas no presentaron niveles altos, lo que podría indicar que los deportistas pueden enfrentar de manera adaptativa las demandas tanto en el ámbito deportivo como en el personal.

Emotional Behavioural Styles in Violent and Non-violent Juvenile Offenders / Estilos de comportamiento emocional en delincuentes juveniles violentos y no violentos

Abstract Previous studies have found emotional behavioural styles among school children in Pakistan and their impact on academic achievement (Javed et al., 1992; Samad et al., 2005; Soomro & Clarbour 2012; Syed et al., 2007; Syed & Hussein, 2009). The main purpose of the study was to extend the investigation to the juvenile offenders to assess the emotional behavioural styles among violent and non-violent juvenile offenders located in the different prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. T-test and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyse the data. T-test revealed that there were significant differences among violent and non-violent juvenile offenders on three emotional style factors: malevolent aggression, social self-esteem, and social anxiety. Binary Logistic Regression analysis indicated that violent juvenile offenders exhibited higher levels of malevolent aggression and low levels of social self-esteem and social anxiety than non-violent juvenile offenders. Current study is comparative in nature and may provide empirical evidences for distinguishing between the violent and non-violent juvenile offenders on the basis of emotional behavioural styles and suggest intensive multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and anger management program to modify the behaviour of violent juvenile offenders.

Resumen Estudios previos han encontrado estilos de comportamiento emocional en niños de edad escolar en Pakistán y su impacto en el rendimiento académico (Javed et al., 1992; Samad et al., 2005; Soomro & Clarbour 2012; Syed et al., 2007; Syed & Hussein, 2009). ). El objetivo principal del estudio fue ampliar la investigación a los delincuentes juveniles para evaluar los estilos de comportamiento emocional entre los delincuentes juveniles violentos y no violentos ubicados en las diferentes prisiones de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistán. Se utilizaron la prueba T y la regresión logística binaria para analizar los datos. La prueba T reveló que había diferencias significativas entre los delincuentes juveniles violentos y no violentos en tres factores de estilo emocional: agresión malévola, autoestima y ansiedad sociales. El análisis de regresión logística binaria indicó que los delincuentes juveniles violentos exhibieron niveles más altos de agresión malévola y niveles bajos de autoestima y ansiedad sociales que los delincuentes juveniles no violentos. El estudio actual es de naturaleza comparativa y puede proporcionar evidencias empíricas para distinguir entre los delincuentes juveniles violentos y no violentos sobre la base de los estilos de comportamiento emocional y sugerir una terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) multimodal intensiva y un programa de manejo de la ira para modificar el comportamiento de los delincuentes juveniles violentos.

Anthropometric Characteristics and Body Composition of Elite Youth Male Basketball Players - Participants of Junior Euroleague / Características Antropométricas y Composición Corporal de Jugadores de Baloncesto Masculino Juveniles de Élite - Participantes de Junior Euroleague

SUMMARY: The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the junior basketball players of the BC Partizan and BC Buducnost Voli, in terms of their anthropometric characteristics and body composition. A sample of 22 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 11 players of the basketball team Partizan (Serbia), of the average age 17.18 ± 0.50, while the other sub-sample consisted of 11 players of basketball team Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), based on the average age of 17.28 ± 0.30. All players were tested in Podgorica, in a lasting period of two days, while they held international friendly tournament, just before the start of the national championships. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of eleven variables: body height (cm), body weight (kg), triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, thighs skinfold, calf skinfold, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat and muscle mass (kg). Differences in anthropometric characteristic and composition of the body of the male junior basketball players of two basketball teams were determined by using a discriminatory parametric procedure with t-test for small independent samples. It was found that the basketball players of Partizan are taller and have a lower body mass. Also, there are significant statistical differences by seven: triceps skinfold, back skinfold, biceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold, thigh skinfold and BMI.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias entre jugadores de baloncesto junior del BC Partizan y BC Buducnost Voli, en cuanto a sus características antropométricas y composición corporal. Una muestra de 22 sujetos se dividió en dos submuestras. La primera submuestra estuvo formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Partizan (Serbia), con una edad media de 17,18 ± 0,50, mientras que la otra estaba formada por 11 jugadores del equipo de baloncesto Buducnost Voli (Montenegro), cuya edad media era de 17,28 ± 0,30 años. Todos los jugadores fueron evaluados en Podgorica, en un período de dos días, mientras se realizaba un torneo amistoso internacional, precisamente antes del inicio de los campeonatos nacionales. Las características antropométricas en la composición corporal se evaluaron mediante una batería de once variables: altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg), pliegue cutáneo tríceps, pliegue cutáneo dorsal, pliegue cutáneo bicipital, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de muslos, pliegue cutáneo de pantorrillas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular (kg). Se determinaron las diferencias en las características antropométricas y la composición del cuerpo de los jugadores juveniles masculinos de baloncesto de los dos equipos de baloncesto mediante un procedimiento paramétrico discriminatorio con prueba t para pequeñas muestras independientes. Se encontró que los jugadores de baloncesto del Partizan eran más altos y tenían una masa corporal más baja. Además, existían diferencias estadísticas significativas en los pliegue cutáneos del tríceps, de la espalda, del bíceps, abdominal, de la pantorrilla y del muslo además de diferencias en el IMC.

Criminalización y juvenicidio de culturas juveniles asociadas a organizaciones delincuenciales: caso colombianos / Criminalization and youthcide of youth cultures associated with criminal organizations: the case of the Cholombianos / Criminalização e juvenicídio de culturas juvenis associadas a organizações criminosas: o caso Cholombianos

Resumen (analítico) El artículo propone caracterizar y comprender los procesos de inserción de jóvenes en las organizaciones delincuenciales, tomando el caso de una cultura juvenil del noreste mexicano: los cholombianos. Plantea un marco de referencia construido por la articulación de categorías como violencia posestructural, desciudadanización, construcción de pánicos morales, estigmatización territorial, criminalización y sujeción criminal, para debatir y ampliar la conceptualización sobre el juvenicidio en México. Para ello, se analizan casos documentados por antropólogos y periodistas de jóvenes de distintas clases sociales que participan o son vinculados con la delincuencia organizada. A partir de un análisis teórico conceptual, se realizan observaciones sobre cómo los grupos delincuenciales forjan fuentes de pertenencia, respeto e identidad, y cómo estos y los poderes públicos llevan a cabo acciones de desciudadanización que destruyen culturas juveniles como la de los cholombianos.

Abstract (analytical) This article aims to characterize and comprehend the processes of young people joining criminal organizations by using a case study of a youth culture in the northeastern region of Mexico, the Cholombianos. The authors propose a reference framework based on the articulation of categories such as post-structural violence, de-citizenization, fabrication of moral panic, territorial stigmatization, criminalization and criminal subjection to discuss and expand the conceptualization of youthcide in Mexico. To achieve this process, the authors analyze cases documented by anthropologists and journalists of young people from different social classes who participate in or are linked to organized crime. Using a conceptual theoretical analysis, the authors discuss how criminal groups fabricate senses of belonging, respect and identity and how they and public authorities carry out de-citizenization actions that destroy youth cultures like the Cholombianos.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo se propõe a caracterizar e compreender os processos de inserção de jovens em organizações criminosas, tomando o caso de uma cultura juvenil do nordeste mexicano, os cholombianos, propõe um quadro de referência construído pela articulação de categorias como violência pós-estrutural, descidadania, construção de pânicos morais, estigmatização territorial, criminalização e sujeição criminal, para debater e ampliar a conceituação do assassinato juvenil no México. Para isso, são analisados casos, documentados por antropólogos e jornalistas, de jovens de diferentes classes sociais que participam ou estão ligados ao crime organizado. A partir de uma análise teórica conceitual, são feitas observações sobre como grupos criminosos forjam fontes de pertencimento, respeito e identidade, como eles e o poder público realizam ações de descidadania que destroem culturas juvenis como a dos cholombianos.

Incidencia de lesiones deportivas en participantes del torneo de fútbol SECACUP 2022 categoría sub-9 / Incidence of sports injuries in participants of the soccer tournament SECACUP 2022 sub-9 category

El fútbol es un deporte complejo que implica alto riego de lesión, sin embargo, a pesar de su popularidad a nivel juvenil, los datos sobre la presencia de traumatismo en edades menores a 9 años son limitados. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la incidencia de lesiones deportivas en participantes del torneo de fútbol SECACUP 2022 categoría sub-9. Se realizó un estudio observacional, no experimental, transversal y exploratorio. Los parámetros de evaluación fueron: ubicación topográfica, mecanismo de lesión, diagnóstico presuntivo, momento del torneo, tipo de atención, superficie de la cancha y limitación para jugar. Se evaluaron 107 jugadores repartidos en 9 equipos, obteniendo un total de 9 lesionados durante 15 juegos. La incidencia de lesiones fue 4,18 lesiones/1000hrs de juego con un promedio de 0,6 lesiones/partido, en su mayoría contusiones en muslo. El 89% de los jugadores lesionados no presentaban una lesión previa al momento del inicio del torneo. La posición con mayor incidencia de lesiones fue el Medio-Campo con 45%. En 89% de los casos, la causa de la lesión fue el traumatismo directo. Está actividad ha llevado a mayor participación de niños, incrementando las lesiones, el conocimiento de la incidencia es importante para desarrollar medidas preventivas apropiadas para la edad(AU)

Soccer is a complex sport that involves a high risk of injury; however, despite its popularity at the youth level, data on the presence of trauma in children under 9 years of age are limited. The objective of this work is to determine the incidence of sports injuries in participants of the SECACUP 2022 soccer tournament under-9 category. An observational, nonexperimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was made. The evaluation parameters were: topographic location, injury mechanism, presumptive diagnosis, time of the tournament, type of care, court surface and limitation to play. 107 players divided into 9 teams were evaluated, obtaining a total of 9 injured during 15 games. The incidence of injuries was 4, 18 injuries/1000 hours of play with an average of 0,6 injuries/game, mostly thigh contusions. 89% of the injured players had no previous injury at the start of the tournament. The position with the highest incidence of injuries was Midfield with 45%. In 89% of cases, the cause of the injury was direct trauma. This activity has led to a greater participation of children, increasing injuries, knowledge of the incidence is important to develop age-appropriate preventive measures(AU)

Juvenicidio: un concepto parido por el dolor. Reflexiones desde una revisión bibliográfica / Youthicide: a concept birthed by pain. Reflections of a bibliographic review / Juvenicídio: um conceito nascido da dor. Reflexões de uma revisão bibliográfica

Resumen (analítico) Para analizar núcleos de discusión teórica y estado de avance de investigaciones en el campo del juvenicidio, se presenta una revisión cualitativa sistemática de literatura científica en español publicada entre 2010 y 2021. Los resultados muestran que, frente al dolor que produce la muerte violenta y sistemática de jóvenes, su aporte fundamental es conceptualizarla como crimen bajo responsabilidad estatal, potencial encuadre jurídico de demandas en esa arena. Particularmente en los últimos cuatro años, su aplicación ha posibilitado trazar un mapa de procesos de violencia contra jóvenes latinoamericanos en enclaves geopolíticos e históricos situados, así como de estrategias de resistencias en defensa de la vida. La discusión crítica identificó como áreas de vacancia estudios empíricos sobre dimensiones subjetivas-emocionales del padecimiento de las víctimas y su incidencia en políticas públicas.

Abstract (analytical) This paper is based on a systematic qualitative review of scientific literature published in the Spanish language between 2010 and 2021, which had the objective of analyzing theoretical discussions and current progress with research in the field of youthcide. The results show that in the face of the pain caused by the violent and systematic deaths of young people, the fundamental contribution of this field is to conceptualize these deaths as a crime with state responsibility and as having a potential framework for legal action. Specifically, in the last four years the use of this concept has made it possible to map systematic violence against Latin American youth in situated geopolitical and historical enclaves, as well as resistance strategies for the defense of life. The author's critical discussion identifies gaps in terms of empirical studies on the subjective-emotional dimensions of the suffering experienced by victims and its impact on public policies.

Resumo (analítico) Para analisar os núcleos de discussão teórica e o estado de avanço da pesquisa no campo do juvenicídio, apresenta-se uma revisão qualitativa sistemática da literatura científica em espanhol publicada entre 2010 e 2021. Os resultados mostram que diante da dor causada por a morte violenta e sistemática de jovens, sua contribuição fundamental é conceituá-la como crime de responsabilidade do Estado, potencial marco legal para demandas nessa arena. Particularmente nos últimos quatro anos, sua aplicação permitiu traçar um mapa dos processos de violência contra a juventude latino-americana em enclaves geopolíticos e históricos situados, bem como estratégias de resistência em defesa da vida. A discussão crítica identificou como áreas vagas os estudos empíricos sobre as dimensões subjetivo-emocionais do sofrimento das vítimas e seu impacto nas políticas públicas.

Identidade(s) em movimento: ações coletivas e multiplicidade nas trajetórias juvenis / Identity(s) in movement: collective actions and multiplicity in youth / Identidad(es) en movimiento: acciones colectivas y multiplicidad en trayectorias jóvenes

Este texto trata de um ensaio teórico que busca discutir questões relativas ao conceito de identidade ou identidade(s), na perspectiva de alguns autores da Sociologia e da Psicologia Social Crítica, direcionando às ações coletivas e trajetórias juvenis. As elaborações sobre identidade têm como contribuição principal essencial a obra de Alberto Melucci (2006), compondo um esquadrinhamento teórico referencial no estudo realizado. Ao refletirmos sobre a identidade em movimento e a multiplicidade nas trajetórias juvenis percebemos por meio da literatura especializada e analisada que não podemos negar os contextos múltiplos que lançam mão os jovens para tomar as suas decisões e estratégias escolares e laborais. As trajetórias juvenis se apresentam oscilantes, não-lineares, caracterizadas por rupturas, uma série de transformações e rearranjos vividos, assim como a própria constituição das identidades(s). Os jovens vivem situações de experimentação em suas trajetórias pessoais e profissionais num movimento que se apresenta circulante, fluído e incerto.

This text is a theoretical essay that aims to discuss issues related to the concept of identity or identity( ies), from the perspective of some authors of Sociology and Critical Social Psychology, directing to collective actions and youth trajectories. The elaborations on identity have as their main essential contribution the work of Alberto Melucci (2006), composing a theoretical scrutiny of reference in the study carried out. When we reflect on identity in motion and the multiplicity of youth trajectories, we realize through the specialized and analyzed literature that we cannot deny the multiple contexts that young people use to make their school and work decisions and strategies. Youth trajectories are oscillating, non-linear, characterized by ruptures, a series of lived transformations and rearrangements, as well as the very constitution of identity(ies). Young people experience situations of experimentation in their personal and professional trajectories in a movement that is circulating, fluid and uncertain.

Este texto es un ensayo teórico que busca discutir cuestiones relacionadas con el concepto de identidad o identidad(es), desde la perspectiva de algunos autores de la Sociología y la Psicología Social Crítica, dirigiéndose a acciones colectivas y trayectorias juveniles. Las elaboraciones sobre identidad tienen como principal aporte esencial el trabajo de Alberto Melucci (2006), componiendo un escrutinio teórico de referencia en el estudio realizado. Cuando reflexionamos sobre la identidad en movimiento y la multiplicidad de trayectorias juveniles, percibimos a través de la literatura especializada y analizada que no podemos negar los múltiples contextos que utilizan los jóvenes para tomar sus decisiones y estrategias escolares y laborales. Las trayectorias juveniles son oscilantes, no lineales, caracterizadas por rupturas, una serie de transformaciones y reordenamientos vividos, así como la constitución misma de (s) identidad(es). Los jóvenes viven situaciones de experimentación en sus trayectorias personales y profesionales en un movimiento circulante, fluido e incierto.

Síndrome de úlceras en piernas de carácter familiar y comienzo precoz / Familial Leg Ulcer Syndrome of Early Onset

Introducción: Las úlceras en las piernas son llagas sin sanar o lesiones abiertas de etiología multifactorial. Constituyen una patología importante en la práctica diaria de los profesionales de la salud en todos los niveles de asistencia. Objetivo: Presentar un caso infrecuente con una afección genética hereditaria familiar que provocó lesiones ulcerosas en las extremidades inferiores. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 30 años con lesiones ulcerosas en ambos miembros inferiores, de 18 años de años de evolución, muy dolorosas con signos de infección local severa. Presentó diagnóstico de úlceras inespecíficas en ambos miembros inferiores. Fue ingresado con toma de su estado general, gran limitación de la deambulación, dolor intenso en ambas piernas, lesiones abundantes ulcerosas sucias diseminadas en ambas piernas, de fondo amarillento, con secreción amarilla clara, muy fétida. Se realizó estudio clínico, humoral, imagenológico, microbiológico y anátomo-histopatológico. Conclusiones: Se diagnostica síndrome de úlceras en piernas de carácter familiar y comienzo precoz, de herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X. Se requieren estudios a mayor escala para evaluar las contribuciones de los factores genéticos en la génesis de esta enfermedad, los cuales podrían ser la clave para comprender mejor su desarrollo(AU)

Introduction: Leg ulcers are unhealed sores or open lesions of multifactorial etiology. They constitute an important pathology in the daily practice of health professionals at all levels of care. Objective: To report an infrequent case with a familial hereditary genetic condition that caused ulcerative lesions in the lower limbs. Case report: We report the case of a 30-year-old male patient with ulcerative lesions on both lower limbs, 18 years of evolution, very painful with signs of severe local infection. He had diagnosis of nonspecific ulcers in both lower limbs. He was admitted with poor general condition, great limitation of ambulation, intense pain in both legs, abundant dirty yellowish ulcerative lesions scattered on both legs, and light yellow, very foul-smelling discharge. A clinical, humoral, imaging, microbiological and anatomical-histopathological study was performed. Conclusions: The diagnosis was familial leg ulcer syndrome of early onset, recessive inheritance linked to the X chromosome, is diagnosed. Larger scale studies are required to assess the contributions of genetic factors in the genesis of this disease, which could be the key to better understand its development(AU)

As ocupações das escolas e suas formas inéditas de revolta / School occupations and their original forms of revolt / Les occupations juvéniles et leurs formes originales de révolte / Las ocupaciones de escuelas y sus nuevas formas de revuelta

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca da emergência de novas discursividades no campo político com o movimento de ocupações de escolas no Brasil, entre 2015 e 2016, considerando a dimensão utópica presente nessas experiências estudantis que se conjugaram a partir da posição de um não-saber. Articula-se com registros bibliográficos, fotográficos e audiovisuais, convocando o pensamento para uma conversa entre política e utopia.

Abstract This paper reflects on the emergence of new political discourses regarding students' lived experience of school occupations in Brazil, between 2015 and 2016, considering their utopic content built upon a not-knowing position. The text articulates bibliographic research, photographic and audio-visual records, inviting a debate about politics and utopia.

Résumé Cet article réfléchit à l'émergence de nouveaux discours politiques concernant les occupation juvéniles dans les écoles au Brésil, entre 2015 et 2016, en considérant leur contenu utopique construit sur une position de non-savoir. Le texte articule des recherches bibliographiques, des enregistrements photographiques et audiovisuels, invitant à un débat sur la politique et l'utopie.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta una reflexión sobre las urgencias de las nuevas discursividades en el campo político a partir del movimiento de ocupaciones de escuelas en Brasil, entre 2015 y 2016, considerando la dimensión utópica presente en estas experiencias de los estudiantes que están intercaladas a partir de la posición de un no-saber. Para ello, se utilizan bibliografía, registros fotográficos y audiovisuales, que estimulan la discusión entre política y utopía.

Conhecimentos e competências dos treinadores de rugby de categorias de base: comparação entre importância atribuída e domínio percebido / Knowledge and competences of youth rugby coaches: comparison between assigned importance and perceived dominance / Conocimientos y habilidades de los entrenadores de rugby juveniles: comparación entre la importancia asignada y el dominio percebido

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar a importância atribuída (IA) e o domínio percebido (DP) de conhecimento e competências de treinadores de rugby do campeonato nacional juvenil. Treinadores das seleções estaduais de rugby (n=19) responderam o Questionário dos Conhecimentos e Competências do Treinador sobre a IA e o DP classificados em escala Likert. O teste de Wilcoxon foi realizado para comparar IA e DP. Os resultados relacionados aos conhecimentos apresentaram IA significativamente maior que DP. Nas competências, apenas o item "planejar uma sessão de treino" não apresentou diferença significativa entre IA e DP. Conclui-se que a IA é maior que o DP em diversas questões relacionadas aos conhecimentos e competências percebidas de treinadores de rugby juvenil.

ABSTRACT The aim was to compare the assigned importance (AI) and the perceived domain (PD) of knowledge and competences of rugby coaches in the national youth championship. Coaches from state rugby teams (n=19) answered the Coach Knowledge and Competences Questionnaire on AI and PD classified on a Likert scale. Wilcoxon test was performed to compare AI and PD. The results related to knowledge showed significantly higher AI than PD. In competences, only the item "planning a training session" showed no significant difference between AI and PD. It is concluded that AI is higher PD in several questions related to the knowledge and perceived skills of youth rugby coaches.

RESUMEN El objetivo fue comparar la importancia asignada (AI) y el dominio percibido (DP) de conocimientos y habilidades de los entrenadores de rugby en el campeonato nacional juvenil. Los entrenadores de los equipos estatales de rugby (n=19) respondieron el Cuestionario de conocimientos y habilidades para entrenadores sobre IA y DP clasificados en una escala Likert. Se realizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para comparar AI y DP. Los resultados relacionados con el conocimiento mostraron AI significativamente superior a DP. En competencias, solo el ítem "planificación de una sesión de entrenamiento" no mostró diferencia significativa entre IA y DP. Se concluye que AI es mayor DP en varias preguntas relacionadas con el conocimiento y las habilidades percibidas de los entrenadores de rugby juvenil.

Indicadores multidimensionais do potencial esportivo de jovens basquetebolistas / Multidimensional indicatorsof sporting potential of young basketball players / Indicadores multidimensionales del potencial deportivo de los jóvenes basquetebolistas

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o perfil antropométrico, físico-motor, psicossocial, maturacional e habilidades táticas de jovens jogadores de basquetebol masculino de um colégio militar. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 318 escolares do sexo masculino, com idade entre 12 e 17 anos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: Jovens Atletas de Basquetebol (n=44) e Não Atletas (n=274). Foi aplicada uma bateria de testes para avaliação de indicadores multidimensionais do potencial esportivo. Resultados e Conclusão: Os jovens basquetebolistas apresentaram maior tamanho corporal, melhor desempenho físico-motor, melhores habilidades de copinge habilidades táticas além de possuírem maturação biológica avançada em relação aos não atletas. Estes resultados podem auxiliar os professores-treinadores no processo de formação e seleção de jovens basquetebolistas de nível escolar.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the anthropometric, physical-motor,psychosocial, maturational and tactical skills profile of young male basketball players from a military college. Methods: The sample consisted of 318 male students, aged 12 to 17 years, who were divided into two groups: young basketball athletes (n = 44) and non-athletes (n = 274). A battery of tests was applied to evaluate multidimensional indicators of sporting potential. Results and Conclusion:Young basketball players showed greater body size, better physical-motor performance, better coping skills and tactical skills, in addition to having advanced biological maturation compared to non-athletes. These results can help teachers-coaches in the process of training and selection of young basketball players at school level.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el perfil de habilidades antropométricas, físico-motoras, psicosociales, madurativas y tácticas de jóvenes basquetbolistas de un colegio militar. Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 318 estudiantes varones, con edades entre 12 y 17 años, que fueron divididos en dos grupos: Jóvenes Atletas de Baloncesto (n=44) y No Atletas (n=274). Se aplicó una batería de pruebas para evaluar indicadores multidimensionales de potencial deportivo. Resultados y conclusión: Los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto tenían mayor tamaño corporal, mejor rendimiento físico-motor, mejores habilidades de afrontamiento y habilidades tácticas, además de tener una maduración biológica avanzada en comparación con los no deportistas. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los docentes-entrenadores en el proceso de formación y selección de jóvenes basquetbolistas de nivel escolar.

Effects of recent thermal history on thermal behaviour, thermal tolerance and oxygen uptake of Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles.

This study determined the physiological and metabolic responses of cultivated Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles in accordance with their recent thermal history. The fish were acclimated at 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32 °C for 21 days to determine the final preferred temperature, thermal tolerance and the effect of acclimation temperatures on their oxygen uptake and aerobic scope. The final preferred temperature of juveniles was established at 26 °C. The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) ranged from 34.2 to 36.9 °C, while the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) ranged from 10.9 to 17.3 °C, depending on acclimation temperature. With the CTmax and CTmin values, the thermal window was determined to have an area of 258°C2, which is characteristic of subtropical organisms. Although, the metabolic rate was relatively constant (ranging 390.6-449.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1) between 20 and 26 °C (Q10 = 1.6, 1.0), an increase to 544.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 29 °C (Q10 = 1.9) and decrease of 478.4 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 32 °C (Q10 = 0.6) were observed. The maximum value obtained for aerobic scope was 310.9 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 26 °C. These results suggest that the acclimation temperature of 26 °C is an optimum thermal condition for a physiological and metabolic performance of yellowtail kingfish juveniles. On the contrary, the response observed during the evaluation of critical temperatures, oxygen uptake and aerobic scope indicated that yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile state could be vulnerable when it experiences for long periods (e.g., >21 days) temperatures above 29 °C. According to our results, the thermoregulatory behaviour of yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile stages could be one of the most important mechanisms to maintain its optimal physiological performance by actively selecting a stable thermal environment close to 26 °C. In addition, it was determined the limits of the pejus state of juvenile yellowtail kingfish at 29 °C, where an increase of oxygen uptake to maintain the aerobic energy metabolism was observed, this could certainly affect the growth of juveniles in culture systems if they do not return in a thermal range of 23-26 °C. These results can contribute to infer the different effects of acclimation temperature on the growth, thermal tolerance and respiratory capacity of S. lalandi juveniles on aquaculture systems.

Counting Enchytraeus crypticus Juveniles in Chronic Exposures: An Alternative Method for Ecotoxicity Studies Using Tropical Artificial Soil.

Soil toxicity tests are commonly applied using Enchytraeus crypticus to analyze reproductive outputs. However, the traditional method for counting potworms takes a long time due to the significant number of offspring. This paper compares the conventional total counting of E. crypticus juveniles (M1) and an alternative methodology (M2). The proposed methodology (M2) uses a simple random counting method (1/4) for the partial counting of juveniles and total estimation. Chronic bioassays (21 days of exposure) were performed in tropical artificial soil (TAS) using sugarcane vinasse as a hazardous substance. Comparing the final density of juveniles recorded in M1 and M2, no statistical differences were pointed out in either one. Applying analyses based on effective concentration (EC10 and EC50), no statistical differences were identified there either. The t-test showed that there was no statistical difference between the counting methods (M1 and M2) in each treatment (control and dilutions). Moreover, we ran the Tukey test for M1 and M2 methods separately and observed that 100 % of the vinasse showed a statistical difference compared to the control treatment in both (p ≤ 0.05), affirming that independent of the counting method, the ecotoxicological outputs were similar. Therefore, the proposed alternative is a suitable method for bioassay using. E. crypticus in tropical artificial soil, decreasing to 1/4 the total time required for counting.

Age and growth of early-life-stage Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) from the northcentral Gulf of Mexico.

Age and growth of early-life-stage Atlantic tarpon Megalops atlanticus collected from Mississippi coastal waters in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are described using otolith microstructure analysis. Tarpon leptocephali (n = 95, 16.0-27.8 mm standard length, LS ) collected from June throughOctober 2013-2018, ranged in age from 22 to 43 days (mean = 30.9 ± 0.5 days). Leptocephalus somatic growth rates ranged 0.46-1.24 mm day-1 (mean = 0.76 ± 0.02 mm day-1 ), and leptocephalus otolith growth rates ranged 1.78-3.97 µm day-1 (mean = 2.58 ± 0.04 µm day-1 ). Growth rates were inversely correlated to leptocephalus age, indicating the shrinkage phase associated with leptocephalus metamorphosis. Juvenile tarpon (n = 358, 50-359 mm fork length, LF ) were collected from August through December 2007-2018. Juveniles exhibited a positive allometric relationship (adjusted R2  = 0.99, P < 0.001) between length and mass. The age of 100 juveniles (71-277 mm LF ) ranged from 76 to 174 days. Juvenile growth rate was estimated as 1.56 ± 0.11 mm day-1 . Significant (P < 0.001) linear relationships were found between juvenile age and otolith metrics, including otolith mass (R2  = 0.81) and radius (R2  = 0.68). Evaluation of the backcalculated hatch dates suggests that specimens in the collection hatched from late May through mid-September with slight peaks during July and August. A Rao's Spacing Test of Uniformity indicates the presence of significant lunar periodicity in leptocephalus hatch dates (n = 95, U = 250.1, P < 0.05), with 50% of the leptocephali hatched within 5 days (before or after) of the full moon. This study fills critical gaps in the scientific knowledge of tarpon and provides estimates of early-life-history metrics for an iconic game fish at the northernmost extent of its GOM range.

Desde la periferia: la noción de espacio social en la movilización sociopolítica de la juventud / From the periphery: The notion of social space in the socio-political mobilization of youth / Da partir da periferia: A noção de espaço social na mobilização sócio-política da juventude

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo pone de manifiesto la existencia de un elemento transversal en la relación de la juventud con la esfera pública, que contribuye a comprender mejor la naturaleza de sus expresiones políticas: la asimilación de una cierta posición periférica impuesta dentro del espacio social. La idea de espacio social, y en particular la de periferia, contribuyen a dar coherencia a determinados fenómenos y tendencias de la movilización sociopolítica de la juventud en su conjunto. Para ello, se analizan tres movimientos juveniles surgidos en Barcelona durante el año 2019, en los que la juventud tuvo especial protagonismo. Las diferencias y similitudes entre los tres movimientos muestran la versatilidad de la noción de periferia, que sirve para visualizar la precariedad vital que identifica a toda una generación, más allá de sus diferencias.

Abstract (analytical) This article highlights the existence of a transversal element in the relationship of youth with the public sphere, which contributes to a better understanding of the nature of their political expressions: the internalization of a certain imposed peripheral position within the social space. The idea of social space, and in particular the idea of periphery, contributes to give coherence to some phenomena and trends on the sociopolitical mobilization of youth as a whole. To do this, three youth movements emerged in Barcelona during 2019 are analyzed, in which the youth played a special role. The differences and similarities between the three movements show the versatility of the notion of periphery, which serves to visualize the vital precariousness that identifies an entire generation, beyond their internal differences.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a existência de um elemento transversal na relação dos jovens com a esfera pública, o que contribui para a melhor compreensão da natureza de suas expressões políticas: a assimilação de uma determinada posição periférica imposta dentro do espaço social. A ideia de espaço social e, em particular, de periferia, contribui para dar coerência a certos fenômenos e tendências na mobilização sócio-política da juventude como um todo. Para isso, são analisados três movimentos juvenis surgidos em Barcelona em 2019, nos quais os jovens tiveram protagonismo especial. As diferenças e semelhanças entre os três movimentos mostram a versatilidade da noção de periferia, que serve para visualizar a precariedade vital que identifica uma geração inteira, além de suas diferenças internas.

The devil is coming: Feeding behavior of juvenile Munk's devil rays (Mobula munkiana) in very shallow waters of Punta Descartes, Costa Rica / El diablo se aproxima: comportamiento de alimentación de juveniles de mantas diablo (Mobula munkiana) en aguas poco profundas de Punta Descartes, Costa Rica

Introduction: Identifying critical habitats for vulnerable elasmobranch species is crucial for effective conservation measures. The Munk's devil ray (Mobula munkiana) is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, but yet little is known about its biology, ecology, and habitat use. As filter feeders, it is assumed that this species concentrates at high-productive upwelling regions, such as the Costa Rican Dome. Like many elasmobranchs, its populations are highly depleted and require urgent information to inform better conservation measures. Objective: The study was conducted to gain information on a unique behavior observed in juvenile M. munkiana, so further information can be provided on early life stages of this vulnerable species. Methods: From June to September 2017 and in August 2018, the feeding behavior of juvenile Mobula munkiana was observed in two shallow bays located at Punta Descartes, North Pacific Costa Rica. Individuals were captured using a non-lethal method to obtain data on size, weight, and sex distribution. Plankton samples (n = 100) were taken at both bays throughout the months to infer diet composition. Results: Munk's devil rays showed a repetitive swimming movement parallel to the beach, feeding exclusively in the shallow breaking zone of the low tide waves at depth <50cm. A total of 12 M. munkiana (11 live and one found dead) indicated a juvenile feeding aggregation ranging from 490 - 610mm in disk width and 1400 - 2300gr in weight. The sex ratio (males to females) was 3:1. Zooplankton of the order Mysidacae was found in the highest abundance in the breaking zone. Conclusions: The specific behavior and seasonal occurrence of juvenile Munk's devil rays in this area seem to be driven by prey abundance. More research is needed to conclude the presence of reproductive adults at deeper depths and the year-round habitat use of Punta Descartes. The area is threatened by unsustainable development and requires realistic management strategies to guarantee the survival of vulnerable species and their critical habitats.

Introducción: La identificación de hábitats críticos para especies vulnerables de elasmobranquios es crucial para tomar medidas de conservación efectivas. La manta diablo o raya de Munk (Mobula munkiana) es endémica del Pacífico Oriental y se sabe poco sobre su biología, ecología y uso de hábitat. Como filtradores, se asume que se concentran en regiones de afloramiento con alta productividad; sus poblaciones se consideran en disminución y requieren información urgente para fundamentar medidas de conservación. Objetivo: El estudio se realizó para obtener información sobre un comportamiento de alimentación observado en juveniles de M. munkiana, con el fin de proporcionar más información sobre las primeras etapas de vida de esta especie considerada vulnerable a la extinción. Métodos: De junio a setiembre de 2017 y en agosto de 2018, se observó el comportamiento de alimentación de los juveniles de M. munkiana en dos bahías poco profundas de Punta Descartes, en el Pacífico norte de Costa Rica. Los individuos fueron capturados utilizando un método no letal para obtener datos sobre el tamaño, peso y sexo. Se tomaron 100 muestras de plancton en las bahías para inferir la composición de la dieta. Resultados: Las rayas mostraron un comportamiento de natación repetitivo paralelo a la playa, alimentándose exclusivamente en la zona de rompimiento de las olas en marea baja, a menos de 50 cm de profundidad. Un total de 12 rayas M. munkiana (11 vivas y una encontrada muerta) indicaron una agregación de juveniles para alimentarse. Los anchos de disco variaron de 490 a 610 mm y el peso entre 1400 a 2300 g. La proporción sexual (machos: hembras) fue de 3:1. En la zona donde rompían las olas se encontró principalmente el orden Mysidaceae. Conclusiones: El comportamiento específico y la ocurrencia estacional de M. munkiana en la zona de estudio parecen estar impulsados por la abundancia de presas. Se necesita más investigación para concluir la presencia de adultos reproductivos a mayor profundidad y sobre el uso de hábitat en los alrededores de Punta Descartes durante todo el año. Esta área se encuentra amenazada por un desarrollo insostenible y requiere estrategias de manejo realistas para garantizar la supervivencia de especies vulnerables y sus hábitats críticos.

The Digestive Function of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer Early Juveniles Is Differentially Modulated by Dietary Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate Content and Their Ratios.

Pseudoplatystoma punctifer is an Amazonian catfish highly appreciated for its high flesh quality, size, and commercial value. Its aquaculture is pursued to satisfy the demands of an increasing population in the region. However, knowledge of the nutritional needs during the early life stages is necessary for improving growth and reducing the incidence of cannibalism, factors that limit the success of its commercial farming. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of four diets containing different protein and lipid levels (30:15, 30:10, 45:15, or 45:10 in %) in the digestive physiology and performance of early juveniles. The results showed that the dietary protein:lipid as well as carbohydrate levels and ratios influenced differently the whole-body proximate composition, the digestive physiology and development, and hence growth and survival. The 45:15 diet promoted the best growth, survival, and the most rapid development of the digestive system, as shown at histological (higher number of hepatocytes, goblet cells in the anterior intestine and enterocytes in all intestinal portions, and longer folds in the posterior intestine), molecular (highest amylase, lipoprotein lipase, phospholipase, trypsinogen, and pepsinogen gene expression), and biochemical (highest lipase and pepsin activities and higher alkaline phosphatase:leucine alanine peptidase activity ratio) levels. Lipids were favored over carbohydrates as source of energy, with lipids promoting a protein-sparing effect at adequate energy:protein ratio. Carbohydrate content higher than 25% was excessive for this species, leading to unbalanced lipid metabolism and fat deposition in the liver.

Morphological, molecular and ecological characterization of a native isolate of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from southern Chile.

BACKGROUND: Steinernema feltiae is an entomopathogenic nematode used in biological control programs with a global distribution. Populations of this species show phenotypic plasticity derived from local adaptation and vary in different traits, such as location and host penetration. The aim of this work was to describe a Chilean isolate of this nematode species, using integrative approaches. METHODS: Nematode morphological and morphometric studies were conducted along with molecular analysis of nuclear genes. The symbiotic bacterium was also identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Some ecological characteristics were described, including the temperature requirements for the nematode life cycle and the effect of soil water content for optimal reproduction. RESULTS: Morphometric characterization revealed a large intra-specific variability. The isolate identity was also corroborated with the analysis of nuclear genes. Based on the 16S gene, its symbiont bacteria, Xenorhabdus bovienii, was identified. The lowest, optimal and highest temperatures found to limit the infestation and reproduction on Galleria mellonella were 10, 20 and 30 °C, respectively; the emergence from the host larvae occurred approximately 10 days after inoculation. Differences were observed in offspring, and 120 infective juveniles (IJ)/larva was the most prolific dose at 20 °C. The soil water content did not affect the number of IJ invaders, penetration efficacy and IJ emergence time or offspring per larva, but it caused a delay in achieving full mortality at the permanent wilting point with respect to saturation and field capacity. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, a Chilean isolate of S. feltiae is described in detail considering morphological, molecular and ecological aspects. The isolate was shown to be efficient in soil containing water, with optimal temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 °C for host infestation and production of an abundant offspring; these characteristics would allow its potential use as control agents in a wide geographical area of the country.

Understanding the early ontogenetic stages of Mugil liza (Mugilidae): Morphological traits and digestive/metabolic profile of pre-juveniles after recruitment.

The family Mugilidae consists mainly of diadromous species, whose reproduction occurs in offshore waters. Pre-juveniles shift their diet in the surf zone (zooplanktophagous to iliophagous). Later, during their recruitment into estuaries, huge changes take place in their digestive system. However, digestive and metabolic characteristics and some morphological traits at recruitment are unknown for Mugilidae. We performed comparative studies on early and late pre-juveniles of Mugil liza recruited in Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (37°32'-37°45'S, 57°19'-57°26'W, Argentina). We determined digestive enzyme activities (intestine), energy reserves (liver/muscle), total/standard length, total weight, intestinal coefficient, hepatosomatic index and retroperitoneal fat. Pre-juveniles exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities, which were maintained over a wide range of pH and temperature, and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In late pre-juveniles, amylase (422 ± 131 µmol maltose min-1 mgprot-1 ), sucrase (86 ± 14 mg glucose min-1 mgprot-1 ), trypsin (84 ± 9 µmoles min-1 mgprot-1 ) and APN (0.58 ± 0.08 µmoles min-1 mgprot-1 ) activities were higher (42%, 28%, 35% and 28%, respectively) than in the early stage. Also, the intestinal coefficient was higher in late (3.04) compared to early (2.06) pre-juveniles. Moreover, the liver appeared to be a main site of glycogen and triglyceride storage in late pre-juveniles, muscle being the site of storage in early pre-juveniles, exhibiting higher glycogen, free glucose and protein concentrations (92%, 82%, 32%, respectively). The results suggest that pre-juveniles of M. liza exhibit an adequate digestive battery to perform complete hydrolysis of various dietary substrates, availability of energy reserves and morphological characteristics to support their feeding habit and growth after recruitment. Our results represent an important contribution to knowledge of the ecology and digestive physiology of pre-juveniles of Mugilidae in the wild.

Determinantes do desempenho esportivo na ginástica de trampolim / Determinants of sport performance in trampoline gymnastics / Determinantes del rendimiento deportivo en la gimnasia de trampolín

Introdução: encontrar crianças com elevado potencial esportivo é uma importante etapa para o processo de formação esportiva, pois é o primeiro passo na descoberta de novos talentos visando o alto rendimento. O objetivo foi investigar os determinantes do desempenho na ginástica de trampolim e sua importância atribuída de acordo com os aparelhos da modalidade. Metodologia: participaram 40 experts(treinadores, gestores e árbitros) de ginástica de trampolim com experiência nacional e internacional. Os experts responderam sobre a importância atribuída aos fatores antropométricos, físico-motor, técnico, tático, psicológico e socioambiental. Avaliaram a importância dos fatores e indicadores de desempenho nos aparelhos trampolim acrobático, tumbling e duplo minitrampolim. Resultados e discussão: os determinantes do desempenho em ordem de importância decrescente foram: físico-motores, técnicos, psicológicos, táticos, antropométricos e socioambientais, com variação entre os aparelhos. Os indicadores de desempenho: massa muscular, velocidade, agilidade, flexibilidade, equilíbrio e força rápida de membros superiores apresentaram diferenças entre os aparelhos. Conclusão: revelou-se a opinião dos experts sobre quais os fatores e indicadores de desempenho são os mais importantes na ginástica de trampolim com implicações na detecção e seleção de talentos.

Introduction: Finding childrenwithhigh sports potential is an important stage in the sports training process, as it is the first step to discover new talents aiming to high performance. The objectivewas to investigate the determinants of performance in trampoline gymnastics, and Its attributed importanceaccording to discipline apparatuses. Methodology: Forty trampoline gymnastics experts (coaches, managersand referees) with national and international experience volunteered. The experts answered aboutthe importance given to the anthropometric, physicomotor, technical, tactical, psychological and social-environmental factors. They evaluated the importance of the factors and performance indicators on the acrobatic, tumbling, and double mini trampoline. Results and discussion:The determinants of performance in descent importance order were the physicomotor, technical, psychological, tactical anthropometric and social-environmental factors. Therefore the indicators of performance: muscle mass, speed, agility, flexibility, balance and upper limbs explosive strength have been differently distinguished among the apparatuses. Conclusion:The expert's opinions were revealedabout which determinants of performance have greater value in the detection and selection of talents.

Introducción: Encontrar niños conelevadopotencial deportivo es una etapa importante en el proceso de formación deportiva, ya que es el primer paso para encontrar nuevos talentos con el objetivo del alto rendimiento deportivo. El objetivofue investigar los determinantes del rendimiento en la gimnasia de trampolín, e la importancia atribuida de acuerdo con los aparatos de la disciplina. Metodología:Han participadocuarentaexpertos en gimnasia en trampolín (entrenadores, gestores y árbitros) conexperiencianacional y internacional. Los expertos respondieron sobre la importancia dada a los factores antropométricos, fisicomotores, técnicos, tácticos, psicológicos y socio-ambientales. Evaluaron la importancia de los factores y los indicadores de rendimiento en el trampolínacrobático, tumbling y el doble mini. Resultados e discusión:Los determinantes del desempeño en orden de importancia decreciente fueron: físico motores, técnicos, psicológicos, tácticos, antropométricos y socio ambientales. Los indicadores de rendimiento, masa muscular, velocidad, agilidad, flexibilidad, equilibrio y fuerza rápida de las extremidades superiores tienen diferencias entre los aparatos. Conclusión: se reveló laopinión de los expertos sobre cualeslos determinantes del desempeño son más importantes e de más valor en la detección y selección de talentos en la gimnasia de trampolín.