Marital Conflict and Healthy Dietary Habits Among Preschoolers: A Study of the Experience of Coupled Women in Urban Mexico.

In Mexico social dynamics are changing toward less traditional arrangements. With a qualitative interview study, we explore the link between marital conflict and mothers' ability to foster healthy dietary habits. Sample consisted of 21 middle-class cohabitating mothers of preschoolers. Results suggests that marital conflict leads women to experiences of tension, ambivalence, or inaction on fostering healthy eating habits. Parents' mismatch in gender beliefs, food preferences, time orientation, and risk aversion play a role in creating disagreements. When men participate, women feel "helped" and grateful, but the forms and extent of desired participation may vary among traditional, ambivalent and non-traditional women.

A tale of two marital stressors: Comparing proinflammatory responses to partner distress and marital conflict.

Marital quality shares ties to inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. For decades, research has focused on marital conflict as a primary mechanism given its potential to trigger inflammatory responses. However, longitudinal evidence suggests that marital conflict declines over time, and little attention has been paid to the inflammatory aftermath of other types of marital exchanges. A spouse's emotional distress is an important but overlooked marital context, as partners are exposed to each other's upsetting emotions throughout adulthood. To directly compare reactivity in proinflammatory gene expression to these two marital stressors and to examine differences by age and marital satisfaction, 203 community adults ages 25-90 (N = 102 couples) provided blood samples and rated their negative mood before and after they 1) watched their partner relive an upsetting personal memory and, in a separate visit 1-2 weeks later, 2) discussed a conflictual topic in their relationship. Controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, alcohol use, smoking, and comorbidities, increases in proinflammatory gene expression were significantly larger after the partner's upsetting disclosure than after marital conflict (B = 0.073, SE = 0.031, p = .018). This pattern paralleled emotional reactivity to the tasks, wherein negative mood rose more in response to the partner's disclosure than to marital conflict (B = 4.305, SE = 1.468, p = .004). In sum, proinflammatory and mood reactivity to spousal distress exceeded reactivity to marital conflict, a well-established marital stressor. Findings reveal spousal distress as a novel mechanism that may link marriage to inflammation-related diseases, and even pose risks for both happy and unhappy couples across adulthood.

Parental Attachment and Psychosocial Adjustment in Adolescents Exposed to Marital Conflict.

(1) Background: Interparental conflict is a phenomenon that poses a serious threat not only to the quality of life of the couple but also to the father-child relationship, mother-child relationship, and well-being of adolescents. This study examined the difference in parental attachment and adjustment in adolescents exposed to marital conflict versus those not exposed to parental conflicts in low-income areas. (2) Methods: 67 adolescents involved in Child Welfare Services (CWS) in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in southern Spain were examined. The sample was split into two groups according to the exposure to marital conflict. Subsequently, differences between groups were analysed on father attachment, mother attachment, aggression, antisocial behaviour, and emotional intelligence. (3) Results: Primarily, the data showed significantly worse attachment with the father among conflict-exposed versus non-conflict-exposed adolescents. These results were not found for the attachment with the mother. Additionally, greater anger and worse stress management were found in conflict-exposed adolescents. (4) Conclusions: The results partially confirmed the spillover and compensatory hypothesis. Practical implications point out that developing preventive interventions that protect the father-adolescent attachment in situations of family conflict is recommended.

Longitudinal Links Between Parental Emotional Distress and Adolescent Delinquency: The Role of Marital Conflict and Parent-Child Conflict.

The mediating processes linking parental emotional distress and changes in adolescent delinquency over time are poorly understood. The current study examined this question using data from 457 adolescents (49.5% female; 89.5% White; assessed at ages 11, 12, and 15) and their parents, part of the national, longitudinal Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Maternal depression was only directly associated with changes in adolescent delinquency. Paternal depression was indirectly associated with changes in adolescent delinquency through a partner effect on mother-child conflict. The findings indicate the salience of parental depression and mother-child conflict for increases in adolescent delinquency and highlight the importance of including parental actor and partner effects for a more comprehensive understanding of the tested associations.

Marital Conflict, Family Socioeconomic Status, and Depressive Symptoms in Migrant Children: A Moderating Mediational Model.

The present study examines the roles of parent-child communication and peer attachment in the relationships between marital conflict, family socioeconomic status (SES), and depressive symptoms in migrant children. The present study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 437 children were selected from 2 public schools of migrant children, and they were assessed on measures of marital conflict, family SES, parent-child communication, peer attachment, and depressive symptoms. Results showed that peer attachment moderates the relationships between marital conflict, parent-child communication, and depressive symptoms. That is, for migrant children with high peer attachment, marital conflict influences depressive symptoms directly, but also indirectly through parent-child communication. For migrant children with low peer attachment, marital conflict only exerts a direct influence on depressive symptoms. In addition, parent-child communication mediates the relationship between family SES and depressive symptoms, although the mediating effects were not significant for groups with a high or a low level of peer attachment. Thus, parent-child communication serves as one critical pathway, linking marital conflict, or family SES, with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, peer attachment acts as a buffer against the negative effects of marital conflict on depressive symptoms.

Effectiveness of a marital relationship skills training intervention on marital adjustment among individuals in Hosanna Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A randomized-controlled trial.

Marital distress increases the risk of morbidity and mortality by altering psychological and biological health, including cardiovascular and endocrine function. Numerous interventions have been developed to mitigate marital distress. However, most of these interventions had very specific content and were limited to certain segments of the population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a marital relationship skills training intervention on the marital adjustment of married people in Ethiopia. We conducted a randomized-controlled trial study on 80 married people with low marital satisfaction. We used STATA 14 statistical software to process the data. The results of an Independent sample's t test analysis showed that marital relationship skills training had a significant impact on the marital adjustment of distressed couples (p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.10). A marital relationship skills training intervention can effectively improve marital adjustment and can be used as a treatment for marital distress.

Predictor role of marital conflict on maternal competency with mediating role of perceived stress and concerns during pregnancy: A structural equation model.

AIM: Pregnancy prepares the mother for the transition to motherhood. Maternal concerns during pregnancy cause reduced time spent with the spouse and lack of social support; additional stresses such as marital conflicts could impact maternal competency. This study aimed to assess the predictive effect of marital conflicts with the mediating role of perceived stress and pregnancy concern on maternal competency. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study. It was done on 250 mothers referred to selected health centers in Alborz province. The sampling method was convenient. Marital conflicts, perceived stress, and pregnancy concerns questionnaires were completed in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the maternal competency questionnaire was completed 6 weeks after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and smart partial least squares. RESULTS: The results of structural equations showed that marital conflicts have a negative and significant effect on maternal competency (ß = -0.14), marital conflicts have a positive and significant effect on perceived stress (ß = 0.42), and marital conflicts have a positive and significant effect on pregnancy concern (ß = 0.31). Also, perceived stress negatively and significantly affected maternal competency (ß = -0.36). DISCUSSION: Results of the study showed the necessities for screening and identifying mothers with conflicts and assessing the perceived stress of mothers will improve the mental health of pregnant mothers and consequently increase maternal competency.

Parental Problem Drinking and Maladaptive Personality Features in Children: The Role of Marital Conflict.

The personality characteristics of children of exposed to parental problem drinking have been of interest to clinicians and researchers for several decades, but personality research on this population often focuses on identifying a unique cluster of adult personality traits. The current study adopts a cutting-edge dimensional approach to understanding personality pathology as extreme variants of the five factor model, and examines pathways of risk to personality pathology through marital conflict and emotional insecurity. Participants were 199 two-parent families with a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years. Parents completed questionnaire measures of their problem drinking, marital conflict, child emotional insecurity (i.e., emotional reactivity to conflict), and child maladaptive personality traits. Structural equation models found an indirect pathway from mother and father problem drinking to pathological child disagreeableness, introversion, emotional instability, and compulsivity via greater mother destructive marital conflict behavior and child emotional reactivity to conflict. There was also some evidence that this pathway of effects was stronger for girls than for boys. Findings support the use of a dimensional approach to understanding maladaptive personality among individuals exposed to parental problem drinking.

Associations between Work-Family Balance, Parenting Stress, and Marital Conflicts during COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore.

As part of the "Circuit-breaker" social distancing measure to address COVID-19, the government of Singapore closed schools and workplaces from April to May 2020. Although this helped reduce transmission rates, for working parents, this period had been a challenging experience of working from home while providing care for children full-time. Problems in the work-home interface can have a significant impact on parenting and marital harmony. We analyzed data from 201 married and employed parents in Singapore using online surveys. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of parents' work-family balance (WFB) and spousal and employer support. Linear regression was used to examine links between profiles with parenting stress and marital conflicts. Results indicated three distinct profiles of WFB and social support levels: (a) Strong (43%), (b) Moderate (38%), and (c) Poor (19%). Mothers were more likely than fathers to be in the Moderate and Poor profiles. One key finding is that profiles characterized by poorer WFB were found to be linked with higher parenting stress and increased marital conflicts. There are important variations in parents' abilities to balance work and family and levels of social support received. Lock-downs can affect parenting and marital harmony especially for parents with poor WFB and weak social support. Any attention given to supporting working parents is vital and urgent to counter any problems in the work-family interface during a lockdown.

Direct and Indirect Paths between Parental Marital Conflict and Children's Sibling Conflict in Chinese Families.

Links between parental marital conflict and children's sibling conflict have been well examined; however, the underlying mechanism of this link needs to be further studied. This study investigated the mediating role of parental intervention styles (i.e. child-centered strategies, control strategies, and nonintervention strategies) and children's control behavior toward their sibling between parental marital conflict and children's sibling conflict. We recruited 689 Chinese children (53.7% girls) aged 8-13 years to participate in the study. Results indicated that parental marital conflict, control strategies, nonintervention strategies, and children's control behavior toward sibling were positively associated with sibling conflict among children. Child-centered strategies were negatively correlated with children's sibling conflict. Furthermore, control and nonintervention strategies of parents and control behavior of children toward sibling simultaneously partially mediated between parental marital and child-sibling conflict. The mediating role of child-centered strategies was not significant. These findings suggest that parental strategies of control and nonintervention and children's control behavior toward their sibling may increase the risk of sibling conflict among children after repeated exposure to parental marital conflict. In contrast, child-centered strategies may be a protective factor for children regarding sibling conflict. Current findings confirm the combined effects of parent and child behavior on child-sibling conflict. They also help parents deal with sibling conflict among their children and promote more positive relationships among siblings.

Between-Reporter Agreement Among Couples: Exploring Nonlinear Patterns in Marital Conflict.

This study compares self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies of various types of behaviors couples use in marital conflict using data from Turkish Family Structure Survey (2016), which included 9,636 couples. Existing literature reported low levels of agreement among couples. These studies measured between-reporter agreement levels among couples with linear models which report cumulative scores. However, we hypothesized that low levels of agreement reported in the literature might be due to nonlinear patterns in the self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies. To detect such nonlinear patterns, we compared self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies for each level (frequency) of using the types of conflict behavior styles we investigated. This allowed us to explore the patterns of agreement or disagreement at the low, medium, or high levels of using these conflict style behaviors. Findings of this study confirmed our hypothesizes. There are meaningful nonlinear patterns that are not detectable with cumulative comparative scores. There are also differences in these patterns across the types of conflict behaviors we looked at. For example, the nonlinear patterns we observed for aggressive conflict behavior types are different from the patterns for passive conflict behavior types. We also found that these patterns are different for husbands and wives. This paper highlights the limited capacity of linear models for exploring between-reporter agreement levels and it calls for the consideration of using nonlinear methods for these types of systematic investigation. The major limitation is the lack of analysis on the effect of sociodemographic factors on the observed discrepancies other than gender.

Postpartum depression: evidences of the predictive power of social support and marital relationship / Depressão pós-parto: evidências do poder preditivo do apoio social e relacionamento conjugal / Depresión posparto: evidencias del poder predictivo del apoyo social y la relación conyugal

This study aimed to evaluate social support and marital relationships in women with and without postpartum depression (PND), investigating the relationship between these constructs and the positive and negative impacts of each of them for the PND. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 67 women (32 with depression and 35 without depression) with children aged between 51 and 77 days. The results indicated that women with PND (assessed through the EPDS) had lower scores in perception of social support and identified their marital relationships as more conflicting. In the hierarchical model, demographic variables (baby's age and maternal education) and marital relationship explained part of the variance of symptoms of PND. Social support did not prove to be a significant predictor in the model. Among the factors evaluated, the quality of the marital relationship was the most important to minimize the risk of developing PND, being an aspect subject to interventions by health professionals. (AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar o apoio social e o relacionamento conjugal em mulheres com e sem depressão pós-parto (DPP), investigando a relação entre esses construtos e os impactos positivos e negativos de cada um deles para a DPP. Conduziu-se um estudo transversal com 67 mulheres (32 com depressão e 35 sem depressão) com filhos com idade entre 51 e 77 dias. Os resultados indicaram que mulheres com DPP (avaliadas por meio da EPDS) relataram menor percepção de apoio social e identificaram seus relacionamentos conjugais como mais conflituosos. No modelo hierárquico, variáveis demográficas (idade do bebê e escolaridade materna) e relacionamento conjugal explicaram em parte a variância dos sintomas de DPP. O apoio social não se revelou um preditor significativo no modelo. Entre os avaliados, a qualidade do relacionamento conjugal foi o mais importante para minimizar o risco de desenvolvimento de DPP, sendo um aspecto passível de intervenções por profissionais da saúde. (AU)

El objetivo fue evaluar el apoyo social y las relaciones maritales en mujeres con y sin depresión posparto (DPP), investigando la relación entre estos constructos y los impactos positivos y negativos de cada uno de ellos a la DPP. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 67 mujeres (32 con depresión y 35 sin depresión) con hijos de entre 51 y 77 días. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres con DPP (evaluadas a través de la EPDS) presentaron una menor percepción de apoyo social e identificaron sus relaciones maritales como más conflictivas. En el modelo jerárquico, las variables demográficas (edad del bebé y educación materna) y la relación conyugal explicaron una parte de la varianza de los síntomas de la DPP. El apoyo social no resultó ser un predictor significativo en el modelo. Entre los factores evaluados, la calidad de la relación conyugal fue el más importante para minimizar el riesgo de desarrollar DPP, siendo un aspecto sujeto a intervenciones por parte de los profesionales de la salud. (AU)

Impacts of social distancing on marital life during Covid-19 pandemic / COVID-19 e vida conjugal: impactos do distanciamento social na vida a dois / COVID-19 y vida conyugal: impactos del distanciamiento social en la vida juntos

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of social distancing on different areas of marital life during the Covid-19 pandemic. 1121 Brazilians, who were living with romantic partners, answered an online survey about their social distancing practices during the pandemic and aspects of their relationship. Most participants did not report impairment in marital behavior and 68% did not report experiencing willingness to divorce during pandemic. However, binary logistic regressions showed that the Odds Ratio of reporting willingness to divorce was lower for individuals with longer cohabitation (OR = 0.998), while higher when there was a decrease in positive marital behaviors (OR = 1.8 - 3.13), and also reported an increase in the conflicts, arguments and fights (OR = 6.12 - 6.43). Indicators of higher confinement at home during the pandemic were associated with higher chances of reporting willingness to divorce. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o impacto do distanciamento social durante a pandemia de Covid-19 sobre diversas áreas da vida conjugal. Foi realizado um levantamento online com 1121 brasileiros que residiam com parceiros amorosos e responderam sobre suas práticas de distanciamento social durante a pandemia e aspectos da relação conjugal. A maioria dos participantes não relatou prejuízos nos comportamentos conjugais e 68% não relataram vontade de separação neste período. Porém, regressões logísticas binárias demonstraram que as chances (Odds Ratio) de relatar vontade de separação foram menores para indivíduos com maior tempo de coabitação (OR = 0,998) e maiores quando houve diminuição de comportamentos conjugais positivos (OR = 1,8 - 3,13) e aumento de conflitos e brigas (OR = 6,12 - 6,43). Indicadores de maior confinamento em casa durante a pandemia estiveram associados a chances maiores de relatar vontade de separação. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del distanciamiento social en diferentes áreas de la vida conyugal durante la pandemia de Covid-19. 1121 brasileños que vivían con parejas románticas respondieron una encuesta on-line sobre sus prácticas de distanciamiento social durante la pandemia y aspectos de su relación. La mayoría de los participantes no informaron deterioro en el comportamiento marital y el 68% no informó un deseo de separarse durante la pandemia. Sin embargo, las regresiones logísticas binarias mostraron que la razón de probabilidades (Odds Ratio) de informar la voluntad de separarse fue menor para las personas con una cohabitación más prolongada (OR = 0,998) y mayor cuando hubo una disminución en los comportamientos maritales positivos (OR = 1,8 - 3,13) y un aumento en el conflictos y peleas (OR = 6,12 - 6,43). Los indicadores de mayor confinamiento en el hogar durante la pandemia se asociaron con mayores posibilidades de informar un deseo de separarse. (AU)

Men's Perceptions of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Qualitative Study / Percepções de Homens Sobre Violência Doméstica Contra Mulheres: Estudo Qualitativo / Percepciones de los Hombres Sobre Violencia Doméstica Contra la Mujer: Un Estudio Cualitativo

Abstract Domestic violence against women is a serious social problem that requires male's perspective understanding to be prevented. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of adult men, with higher education degree or higher education students, on this type of violence. Using Bandura's social learning theory, a qualitative study was developed with 13 men. The data were collected using remote semi-structured interviews. The analytical process used thematic analysis presuppositions. It was found that men do not agree with sexist ideals that can increase the rates of violence against women. However, participants oscillate between understanding women as victim and as guilty. The data may be a reflection of the current greater debate on issues related to gender equality. We conclude that it is important to invest in the multidimensional training of men to break with hegemonic masculinity, which can foster the struggle against gender-based violence.

Resumo A violência doméstica contra mulheres é grave problema psicossocial que, para ser prevenido, requer compreender como homens o explicam. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções de homens adultos escolarizados sobre esse tipo de violência. Utilizando o referencial teórico da aprendizagem social, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo que contou com a participação de 13 homens. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas remotamente na coleta de dados. O processo analítico seguiu os pressupostos da análise temática. Verificou-se que os homens não concordam com ideais machistas que podem aumentar os índices de violência contra as mulheres. Contudo, os participantes oscilam entre entender as mulheres como vítimas e também culpadas. Os dados podem ser reflexo do maior debate na atualidade sobre questões relacionadas à igualdade de gênero. Conclui-se ser importante investir na formação multidimensional dos homens para romper com a masculinidade hegemônica, o que pode ser salutar no enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres.

Resumen La violencia doméstica contra la mujer es un grave problema psicosocial que requiere de la perspectiva masculina para ser prevenida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones de hombres adultos con formación en torno a este tipo de violencia. Utilizando el marco teórico del aprendizaje social, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con la participación de 13 hombres. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas remotas para la recolección de datos. El proceso analítico siguió los presupuestos del análisis temático. Los hombres no están de acuerdo con los ideales machistas que pueden aumentar los índices de violencia contra las mujeres. Los participantes oscilan entre entender a las mujeres como víctimas y también como culpables. Los datos pueden ser un reflejo del gran debate actual sobre la igualdad de género. Se concluye que es importante invertir en la formación multidimensional de los hombres para romper con la masculinidad hegemónica, lo que puede ser beneficioso para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres.

Parent-Child Relationships, Digital Media Use and Parents' Well-Being during COVID-19 Home Confinement: The Role of Family Resilience.

Research has provided substantial evidence on the role of parents' well-being in the quality of parent-child relationships and children's adjustment. Parents' stress and parental couple conflict have been linked to children's adverse developmental outcomes. However, little is known about the factors that affect parents' well-being when coping with multiple stressors such as those brought by the recent COVID-19 global pandemic. Our study intended to examine the predictors of parental well-being by looking at the contextual factors of COVID-19 home confinement, i.e., the use of digital media and parents' domestic workload, and family resilience in two countries: Ireland and Italy. Additionally, the age and number of children were controlled as potential variables impacting parents' well-being. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was applied. The results showed that family resilience was a very strong predictor of parents' well-being after controlling for any other variable. Parental couples' conflict over the use of technology predicted lower levels of parents' well-being, while, notably, parent child-conflict and domestic workload were not associated with parents' well-being. Additionally, the age of children did play a role: the higher the mean age of children in the family the better the parents' well-being. The findings are discussed in the light of cross-country differences and their implications for research and practice.

The moderating effect of marital conflict on the relationship between social avoidance and socio-emotional functioning among young children in suburban China.

Social avoidance has been found to be related to negative social adjustment, yet evidence of the relationship between social avoidance and social adjustment is very limited in suburban preschoolers in China. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms that help to explain the associations between social avoidance and socio-emotional adjustment remain poorly considered. The goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of marital conflict in the link between social avoidance and indices of socio-emotional functioning among young children in mainland China. Participants were N = 256 children aged from 49 to 72 months (125 boys, 131 girls, Mage = 59.06 months, SD = 6.58) attending preschools/kindergartens in suburban areas of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Multi-source assessments were employed, with mothers reporting marital conflict as well as rating their children's social withdrawal (i.e., social avoidance, shyness, unsociability), and teachers assessing indices of children's socio-emotional functioning at school (i.e., anxious-fearful behavior, peer exclusion, and loneliness). Children were asked about their loneliness. Among the results, social avoidance was positively associated with anxious-fearful behavior, peer exclusion, and loneliness (marginal significance). Moreover, as hypothesized, marital conflict was found to exacerbate the relations between social avoidance and peer exclusion, and loneliness. Results are discussed in terms of the etiology and implications of social avoidance among young children in mainland China.

Latent transitions across perceived parental marital conflict and family cohesion profiles in high school students.

This study aimed to explore the latent profiles across perceived parental marital conflict and family cohesion, as well as the transition patterns within-person and within-sample profiles over time. We conducted a 1-year follow-up study with a sample of first-year high school students from China. A total of 453 participants were included in the present analysis. We identified the following three latent profiles: high parental conflict and poor family cohesion profile, moderate parental conflict and family cohesion profile, and low parental conflict and good family cohesion profile. Female students and those who not lived with parents together were more likely to perceive more parental marital conflict and less cohesion in the family. The majority of students with high transition probability remained in the same profiles over time. The counts of latent transition pattern also demonstrated that students remaining in the primary profile over time accounted for the large proportion. The present study advances empirical bases for confirming the family system theory's notion that the family is not static, but dynamic. Findings provide the optimal timing of interventions toward healthy transition.

Relationship Health and Intimate Partner Violence in Integrated Primary Care: Individual Characteristics and Preferences for Relationship Support across Risk Levels.

This study explores differences in characteristics and relationship treatment preferences across different levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care patients. In Fall 2019, we sent a mail-in survey assessing relationship healthcare needs to N = 299 Veterans randomly sampled from 20 northeastern VA primary care clinics (oversampling female and younger Veterans). We compared those reporting past year use or experience of physical/sexual aggression, threats/coercion, or injury (Severe IPV; 21%), to those only reporting yelling and screaming (Verbal Conflict; 51%), and denying any IPV (No IPV; 28%). Participants across groups desired 2-6 sessions of face-to-face support for couples' health and communication. No IPV participants were older and had preferred treatment in primary care. The Verbal Conflict and Severe IPV groups were both flagged by IPV screens and had similar interest in couple treatment and relationship evaluation. The Severe IPV group had higher rates of harms (e.g., depression, alcohol use disorder, relationship dissatisfaction, fear of partner) and higher interest in addressing safety outside of VA. Exploratory analyses suggested differences based on use vs. experience of Severe IPV. Findings highlight ways integrated primary care teams can differentiate services to address dissatisfaction and conflict while facilitating referrals for Severe IPV.

The Relationship of Technoference in Conjugal Interactions and Child Smartphone Dependence: The Chain Mediation between Marital Conflict and Coparenting.

With the increasing use of smartphones in our lives, technoference has become a new threat to family relationships and child development. The present study explored the impact of technoference in conjugal interactions on child smartphone dependence and its underlying mechanism. The participants were 6923 fourth grade children (55.0% boys; the average age was 10.60 years) in 545 primary schools and their parents (35.3% fathers). We found that technoference in conjugal interactions was significantly associated with child smartphone dependence. Technoference in conjugal interactions indirectly affected child smartphone dependence through marital conflict or coparenting and a chain mediation between marital conflict and coparenting. These findings support the spillover theory and provide relevant empirical evidence and advance our understanding of parental functioning on child smartphone dependence within the Chinese culture.

[The Influence of Parental Self-Esteem on Late School-Aged Children's Media Device Addiction: The Mediating Effect of Marital Conflict and Children's Self-Esteem].

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of parental self-esteem on late school-aged children's media device addiction by mediating marital conflict and children's self-esteem. METHODS: This study used data from the 11th (2018) Panel Study on Korean Children. The participants consisted of 1,082 family triads (fathers, mothers, and children). Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Marital Conflict Scale, and K-Internet Addiction Scale. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS/WIN 27.0 and Mplus 8.7. RESULTS: The final model showed a good fit for the data. Children's media device addiction was directly related to mothers' self-esteem, mothers' marital conflict, and children's self-esteem. Fathers' self-esteem had a significant indirect effect on children's media device addiction by mediating both fathers' and mothers' marital conflict. In addition, mothers' self-esteem had a significant indirect effect on children's media device addiction by mediating mothers' marital conflict. CONCLUSION: The findings indicates that self-esteem and marital conflict for both fathers and mothers have a significant effect on children's media device addiction. It suggests that more attention might be given to fathers and mothers in developing interventions to prevent children's media device addiction.