Presencia de mastocitoma en el pabellón auricular en un canino

RESUMEN Los mastocitos cutáneos y subcutáneos son neoplasias compuestas por mastocitos que forman parte de la piel en los caninos. Es un tumor muy común y el tratamiento va enfocado a la agresividad que pudiera presentar. Ocasionalmente se puede administrar un tratamiento local, sin embargo, este no debe considerarse en pacientes con metástasis. La estadificación del tumor es de gran importancia para dar un diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico para aquellos pacientes afectados por esta patología. En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de un canino Pastor Alemán de 11 años con la presencia de una estructura ulcerada en el pabellón auricular derecho. Se realizó diagnóstico por citología e histopatológico de mastocitoma canino grado II y baja malignidad de acuerdo con la clasificación de Pakiel. Al paciente se le realizó una resección parcial del pabellón auricular con presencia de bordes limpios en los resultados del estudio histopatológico. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar un caso clínico con la presencia de mastocitoma en el pabellón auricular en un perro doméstico.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cells tumor are neoplasms composed of mast cells that are part of the skin in canines. It is a very common tumor and the treatment is focused on the aggressiveness that it may present. Sometimes it can be limited to local treatment, but if there are metastases, the prognosis can be favorable. Tumor staging is of great importance to give a diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for those patients affected by this pathology. In this work, we present the clinical case of an 11-year-old German shepherd canine with the presence of an ulcerated mass in the right auricle. The diagnosis was made by cytology and histopathology of canine mastocytoma grade II and low malignancy according to Pakiel's classification. The patient underwent a partial resection of the auricle with the presence of clean borders in the histopathological results. This is the first report of the presence of canine mastocytoma in the pinna in a canine.

High lysyl oxidase expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours.

Mast cell tumour (MCT) is one of the most frequent skin tumours in dogs. Due to their unpredictable biological behaviour, MCTs often cause several therapeutic frustrations, leading to investigation regarding prognostic markers. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme that promotes extracellular matrix stability and contributes to cell migration, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Its expression positively correlates with poor prognoses in several human and canine mammary cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the immunohistochemical expression of LOX in MCT samples and compare it with histological grading and post-surgical survival. Twenty-six tumours were submitted to immunohistochemistry for LOX expression evaluation. All samples were positive for LOX, with variable percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Cytoplasmic positivity was significantly higher in high-grade MCTs (P = .0297). Our results indicate that high expression of cytoplasmic LOX in neoplastic mast cells is an indicator of poor prognosis for canine cutaneous MCTs.

[Solitary mast cell tumor. A case comunication]. / Mastocitoma solitario. Comunicación de un caso.

BACKGROUND: The solitary cutaneous mastocytoma is a variant of cutaneous mastocytosis which carries a good prognosis. It may develop at a very early age, during the first weeks of life, or even be congenital. Typically, they present as red-brownish lesions that may be asymptomatic or present systemic manifestations associated with histamine release. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old female patient who attended a medical consultation for a pigmented lesion, slightly raised in the left antecubital fold, asymptomatic, of recent appearance and progressive growth. Dermoscopy reported a fine symmetrical network, yellowish-brown in color and randomly distributed black dots. The pathology report and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with mast cell tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The solitary cutaneous mastocytoma should not be considered as an exclusive entity in the pediatric population. Acknowledgment of its atypical clinical presentation with its dermatoscopic features, is useful for diagnosis.

ANTECEDENTES: El mastocitoma solitario es una variante de mastocitosis cutánea de buen pronóstico, congénita, que aparece durante las primeras semanas de vida. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyen: lesiones de color rojo-marrón, que pueden ser asintomáticas o generar lesiones sistémicas asociadas con la liberación de histamina. REPORTE DE CASO: Paciente femenina de 19 años, que acudió a consulta médica por una lesión pigmentada, ligeramente sobreelevada en el pliegue antecubital izquierdo, asintomática, de reciente aparición y crecimiento progresivo. La dermatoscopia reportó una fina red simétrica, de color pardo-amarillenta, con puntos negros y distribución al azar. El informe de Anatomía patológica y los hallazgos de inmunohistoquímica fueron compatibles con mastocitoma. CONCLUSIONES: El mastocitoma solitario no es exclusivo de la población pediátrica y su manifestación en la población adulta suele ser atípica. El conocimiento de las características dermatoscópicas es útil para establecer el diagnóstico certero.

Mastocitosis crónica. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

La mastocitosis cutánea crónica es una genodermatosis de etiología desconocida y que se encuentra dentro del grupo de enfermedades raras o poco frecuentes. Se caracterizan por el crecimiento y acumulación de causa desconocida de mastocitos en piel y otros órganos y se manifiesta como una urticaria pigmentosa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, con lesiones eritematopapulosas en región de las manos que fue extendiéndose a todo el cuerpo y cuero cabelludo que al desaparecer quedaban manchas hipercrómicas con signo de Darier positivo. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de urticaria pigmentosa mediante biopsia de la piel. Es una enfermedad rara con una baja incidencia, la forma cutánea tiene un pronóstico favorable, por lo que resulta de vital importancia conocer y diagnosticar de forma precoz esta entidad con un manejo multidisciplinario para prevenir las manifestaciones sistémicas que aparecen. Llevar un tratamiento sintomático permitirá una mejor calidad de vida en los infantes. Se presenta el caso porque al considerarse la mastocitosis una enfermedad rara la prevalencia e incidencia de estos casos es muy baja.

Chronic cutaneous mastocytosis is a genodermatosis of unknown etiology and that is within the group of rare or infrequent diseases. They are characterized by the growth and accumulation of mast cells in the skin and other organs of unknown cause and manifest as urticaria pigmentosa. The case of a male patient is presented, with erythematopapular lesions in the region of the hands that spread to the entire body and scalp that, when they disappeared, left hyperchromic spots with Darier's sign: positive. The diagnosis of urticaria pigmentosa was confirmed by skin biopsy. It is a rare disease with a low incidence, the cutaneous form has a favorable prognosis, so it is of vital importance to know and diagnose this entity early with a multidisciplinary management to prevent the systemic manifestations that appear. Taking a symptomatic treatment will allow a better quality of life in infants. The case is presented because mastocytosis is considered a rare disease, the prevalence and incidence of these cases is very low.

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...(AU)

Mastocitoma felino. Reporte de caso / Feline mastocytoma. Case report

RESUMEN Los mastocitomas son tumores originarios de los mastocitos que usualmente afectan a los perros y los gatos. Pueden llegar a tener un comportamiento benigno, sin embargo, esto dependerá del grado de la neoplasia y su estadiaje. En felinos, clínicamente se han descrito dos patrones: visceral y cutáneo, de los cuales el cutáneo es el más frecuente, llegando a causar metástasis a órganos adyacentes e incluso afectar el bazo y/o intestino en estadios más diferenciados. Se presenta un caso de mastocitoma felino correspondiente a un ejemplar mestizo con cuadro clínico de inicio de más de dos meses de evolución, consistente en la aparición de una placa alopécica ulcerada y elevada en región interescapular, acompañada de prurito que presentó resolución espontánea. Mediante el curso clínico se imnunizó contra el virus de la rabia, posteriormente, se observó la aparición de una lesión nodular subcutánea de características inusuales de 2cm de diámetro. Acorde con el tiempo de evolución y el antecedente vacunal se decidió la realización de biopsia y resección quirúrgica. El reporte de la biopsia confirmó diagnóstico de mastocitoma grado histológico 3 de Patnaik, teniendo en cuenta las características histológicas, estructurales y su comportamiento clínico. Se realizó seguimiento del caso pasados ocho meses, donde se evidenció mejoría del cuadro clínico, sin aparición de nueva masa sugestiva de neoplasia, sin hallazgos de metástasis a otras estructuras, con cicatrización exitosa de herida quirúrgica y evolución satisfactoria.

ABSTRACT Mast cells are tumors originating from mast cells which usually affect cats and dogs. They may have benign behavior, however, this will depend on the degree of the neo-plasm and its staging. In cats, two patterns have been described clinically: visceral and cutaneous, of which the cutaneous form is the most frequent, reaching metastasis to adjacent organs and even affecting the spleen and / or intestine in more differentiated stages. A case of a mastocytoma is presented, a feline corresponding to a mongrel specimen with a clinical picture of onset of more than two months of evolution, consisting of the appearance of an allopecal plaque, ulcerated and elevated in the interscapular region, accompanied by pruritus that presented spontaneous resolution. Through the clinical course, he was immunized against the rabies virus, later the appearance of a nodular lesion of unusual subcutaneous characteristics, 2 cm in diameter, was observed. According to the evolution time and the vaccination history, it was decided to perform a biopsy and surgical resection. The biopsy report confirmed the diagnosis of Patnaik's histological grade 3 mastocytoma, taking into account the histological and structural characteristics and its clinical behavior. The case was followed up after eight months, where an improvement in the clinical picture was evident, without the appearance of a new mass suggestive of neoplasia, without metastatic findings to other structures, with successful healing of the surgical wound and satisfactory evolution.

Mastocitoma solitario ampollar / Solitary Blister Mastocytoma

La mastocitosis comprende un conjunto de desórdenes con expansión anormal y acumulación de mastocitos en diversos órganos incluida la piel, en la cual se describen distintas formas clínicas de presentación. El mastocitoma cutáneo solitario constituye el 10-15% de todas las mastocitosis. Presentamos el caso de un niño con mastocitoma cutáneo solitario ampollar, un cuadro infrecuente cuyo diagnóstico oportuno constituye un reto para pediatras y dermatólogos (AU)

Mastocytosis comprises a set of disorders with abnormal expansion and accumulation of mast cells in various organs including the skin, wich describes different form of clinical presentation. The solitary cutaneous mastocytoma constitutes 10-15 % of all mastocytosis. We present the case of a child with solitary blistering mastocytoma, an infrequent condition whose, timely diagnosis constitutes a challenge for pediatricians and dermatologists (AU)

Mastocitosis solitaria en pediatría. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Solitary Mastocytoma in Pediatrics. Case Report and Literature Review

RESUMEN El mastocitoma es una genodermatosis de etiología desconocida, por lo que se incluye en el grupo de enfermedades raras o pocos frecuentes; aparece generalmente en la infancia o al momento de nacer. Se caracteriza por acumulación local o sistémica de células cebadas, lo que origina la aparición de lesiones cutáneas persistentes, pigmentadas y muy pruriginosas con compromiso exclusivo de la piel, se presenta generalmente como una lesión única en el cuello, el tronco, los brazos y las piernas. Las características típicas son las de un nódulo color marrón rojizo o amarillento, de consistencia gomosa, la superficie con aspecto de piel de naranja y signo de Darier. Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 4 meses de edad con un diagnóstico de mastocitoma solitario con signo de Darier. Se realiza este reporte por la baja frecuencia de esta patología en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos. Actualmente el paciente se mantiene con seguimiento por consulta de dermatología, con tratamiento antihistamínico y estabilizador de mastocitos.

ABSTRACT The mastocytoma is a genodermatosis of unknown etiology, so it is included in the group of rare or uncommon diseases; it usually appears in childhood or at birth. It is characterized by local or systemic accumulation of primed cells, which causes the appearance of persistent, pigmented and very itchy skin lesions with exclusive skin involvement, usually presents as a single lesion in the neck, trunk, arms and legs. Typical features are that of a reddish-brown or yellowish brown nodule, of gummy consistency, the surface looks like orange peel, and Darier's sign. The case of a 4-month-old infant with a diagnosis of solitary mastocytoma with Darier's sign is presented. This report is made due to the low frequency of this disease at the Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos University Pediatric Hospital. Currently the patient is monitored by dermatology specialists, with antihistamine treatment and mast cell stabilizer.

Hemangiossarcoma associado a quimiodectoma em cadela Pit Bull idosa / Hemangiosarcoma associated with chemodectoma in an old Pit Bull bitch

Background: The prevalence of neoplasms in domestic animals has been augmenting over the years. Hemangiosarcoma, which most frequently affects large breed dogs, is a neoplasm with high metastatic power and corresponds to 5% of malignant neoplasms. Chemodectoma, a neoplasm that can have malignant or benign behavior, is uncommon, corresponding to less than 8% of all cardiac tumors, and originates from cardiac chemoreceptor cells and involves mainly the aortic and carotid bodies. The aim of this study is to describe the case of an elderly Pit Bull dog with hepatic hemangiosarcoma and chemodectoma associated with four other different tumors: hemangioma, papilloma, mastocitoma and melanoma. Case: A 14-year-old female Pit Bull, castrated, was presented to Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, Brazil. The owner referred apathy, hyporexia, and increased abdominal volume for two weeks. Physical examination showed emaciation and abdominal effusion. Abdominocentesis was performed, three liters of serosanguineous fluid was drained and a sample was sent for analysis. Complementary tests were requested and showed mild hypoalbuminemia, normocytic normochromic anemia, and lymphopenia. The ultrasound examination revealed thickening of vessels and hepatomegaly, in addition to the presence of an oval structure containing hyperechogenic cavitations. Diagnostic exploratory laparotomy was indicated, but the owner refused. Drug therapy was prescribed in a palliative manner and, during the clinical follow-up period, two abdominocentesis procedures and one thoracentesis procedure were performed, both resulting in simple transudate. Finally, the patient developed severe apathy, edema in all limbs, and died at home. Necroscopic examination was done and revealed hemoperitoneum and hemothorax...

Retalho de padrão axial angular da boca para reconstrução de ferida em região temporal em cão: relato de caso / The axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouthcorrection of wound in the temporal region in dog: case report / Colgagio de tipo axial de la artéria angular de la boca para la reconstrucción de la herida em la región temporal: relato de caso

O retalho de padrão axial da artéria angular da boca foi a técnica de escolha para fechamento de uma ferida cirúrgica, criada após a ressecção de um tumor cutâneo localizado na região temporal direita de um cão. O retalho foi transposto ao leito receptor com redução de espaço morto em padrão simples contínuo com poliglecaprone 25, e dermorrafia em padrão simples interrompido com nylon 3-0. No pós-operatório imediato foi observado algumas áreas com hematoma, após 12 dias do procedimento cirúrgico apresentou deiscência em dois pontos, sendo tratado pela segunda intenção com sulfadiazina de prata 1% e, alta após 5 dias com fechamento completo da ferida. O laudo histopatológico confirmou mastocitoma canino grau 2 (Patnaik) ou alto grau (Kiupel), foi indicada quimioterapia, porém proprietário não aderiu continuidade ao tratamento. Em conclusão, a utilização do retalho de padrão axial da artéria angular da boca revelou-se eficiente para correção de falhas cutâneas em região temporal.(AU)

The axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouth was the technique of choice for surgical wound closure after resection of a cutaneous tumor located in the right temporal region of a dog. The flap was transposed to the receptor bed with reduction of dead space in a continuous simple pattern with polyiglecapone 25, and the dermorrhaphy was performed with a simple pattern interrupted with 3-0 nylon. In the immediate postoperative period, it was observed some areas with hematoma, after 12 days of the surgical procedure, dehiscence was observed in two points, being treated by second intention with 1% sulfadiazine. The patient was discharged after 5 days with complete closure of the wound. The histopathological report confirmed canine mastocytoma grade 2 (Patnaik) or high grade (Kiupel), thus, chemotherapy was indicated, but the owner did not adhere to the treatment. In conclusion, the use of the axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouth was efficient for the correction of skin defects in the temporal region.(AU)

Un colgajo de tipo axial de la arteria angular de la boca fue la técnica escogida para cerrar una herida cutánea aguda ocasionada por escisión de un tumor localizado en la región temporal derecha de un perro. Tras realizar la tranposición del colgajo sobre el lecho receptor, el espacio muerto fue reducido con patrón de sutura simple continuo, subcutáneo, utilizando poliglecaprone 25, y la aposición de las bordes cutáneos fue con nylon 3-0 en patrón simple discontinuo. En el pós-operatorio inmediato fue observado hematoma en algunas áreas. Después de doce días hubo dehiscencia en dos puntos, la herida fue cicatrizando por segunda intención con administración de sulfadiazina de plata 1%. Después de cinco días la herida cicatrizó por completo y fue dada el alta. El resultado del histopatológico confirmó mastocitoma canino grado 2 (Patniak) o alto grado (Kiupel), fue recomendado quimioterapia, sin embargo el propietario no accedió al tratamiento. En conclusión, el colgajo de tipo axial de la arteria angular de la boca fue eficiente para corregir el defecto cutáneo en la región temporal.(AU)

Retalho de padrão axial angular da boca para reconstrução de ferida em região temporal em cão: relato de caso / The axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouthcorrection of wound in the temporal region in dog: case report / Colgagio de tipo axial de la artéria angular de la boca para la reconstrucción de la herida em la región temporal: relato de caso

O retalho de padrão axial da artéria angular da boca foi a técnica de escolha para fechamento de uma ferida cirúrgica, criada após a ressecção de um tumor cutâneo localizado na região temporal direita de um cão. O retalho foi transposto ao leito receptor com redução de espaço morto em padrão simples contínuo com poliglecaprone 25, e dermorrafia em padrão simples interrompido com nylon 3-0. No pós-operatório imediato foi observado algumas áreas com hematoma, após 12 dias do procedimento cirúrgico apresentou deiscência em dois pontos, sendo tratado pela segunda intenção com sulfadiazina de prata 1% e, alta após 5 dias com fechamento completo da ferida. O laudo histopatológico confirmou mastocitoma canino grau 2 (Patnaik) ou alto grau (Kiupel), foi indicada quimioterapia, porém proprietário não aderiu continuidade ao tratamento. Em conclusão, a utilização do retalho de padrão axial da artéria angular da boca revelou-se eficiente para correção de falhas cutâneas em região temporal.

The axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouth was the technique of choice for surgical wound closure after resection of a cutaneous tumor located in the right temporal region of a dog. The flap was transposed to the receptor bed with reduction of dead space in a continuous simple pattern with polyiglecapone 25, and the dermorrhaphy was performed with a simple pattern interrupted with 3-0 nylon. In the immediate postoperative period, it was observed some areas with hematoma, after 12 days of the surgical procedure, dehiscence was observed in two points, being treated by second intention with 1% sulfadiazine. The patient was discharged after 5 days with complete closure of the wound. The histopathological report confirmed canine mastocytoma grade 2 (Patnaik) or high grade (Kiupel), thus, chemotherapy was indicated, but the owner did not adhere to the treatment. In conclusion, the use of the axial pattern flap of the angular artery of the mouth was efficient for the correction of skin defects in the temporal region.

Un colgajo de tipo axial de la arteria angular de la boca fue la técnica escogida para cerrar una herida cutánea aguda ocasionada por escisión de un tumor localizado en la región temporal derecha de un perro. Tras realizar la tranposición del colgajo sobre el lecho receptor, el espacio muerto fue reducido con patrón de sutura simple continuo, subcutáneo, utilizando poliglecaprone 25, y la aposición de las bordes cutáneos fue con nylon 3-0 en patrón simple discontinuo. En el pós-operatorio inmediato fue observado hematoma en algunas áreas. Después de doce días hubo dehiscencia en dos puntos, la herida fue cicatrizando por segunda intención con administración de sulfadiazina de plata 1%. Después de cinco días la herida cicatrizó por completo y fue dada el alta. El resultado del histopatológico confirmó mastocitoma canino grado 2 (Patniak) o alto grado (Kiupel), fue recomendado quimioterapia, sin embargo el propietario no accedió al tratamiento. En conclusión, el colgajo de tipo axial de la arteria angular de la boca fue eficiente para corregir el defecto cutáneo en la región temporal.

H-Plastia com flap de avanço para reconstrução de região nasal após exérese de nódulo em cão / H-Plasty with advancement flap for reconstruction of nasal region after nodule excision in a dog

O uso da cirurgia reconstrutiva no campo da Medicina Veterinária vem crescendo cada vez mais, principalmente quando associado a ressecções tumorais. Este relatório descreve a reconstrução cirúrgica com o uso de retalhos de avanço nasais pela técnica da plastia H, após ressecção tumoral sugestiva de mastocitoma em um cão. O animal foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, onde foi realizada a avaliação física e solicitados exames complementares para posterior encaminhamento à cirurgia. O tutor relatou que o nódulo começou a crescer 15 dias antes do procedimento. A massa neoplásica estava localizada na porção dorsal do plano nasal, com diagnóstico citológico sugestivo de mastocitoma.

The use of reconstructive surgery in the field of Veterinary Medicine has been growing increasingly, specially when associated with tumor resections. This report describes the surgical reconstruction with the use of advancement flaps in the nasal using the H-plasty technique, after tumor resection suggestive of mastocytoma in a dog. The animal was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, where the physical evaluation was made and complementary exams were requested for subsequent referral to surgery. The tutor reported that the nodule started growing 15 days before the procedure. The neoplastic mass was located in the dorsal portion of the nasal plane, with a cytological diagnosis suggestive of mastocytoma.

H-plastia com flap de avanço para reconstrução de região nasal após exérese de nódulo em cão / H-plasty with advancement flap for reconstruction of nasal region after nodule excision in a dog

O uso da cirurgia reconstrutiva no campo da Medicina Veterinária vem crescendo cada vez mais, principalmente quando associado a ressecções tumorais. Este relatório descreve a reconstrução cirúrgica com o uso de retalhos de avanço nasais pela técnica da plastia H, após ressecção tumoral sugestiva de mastocitoma em um cão. O animal foi tratado no Hospital Veterinário do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, onde foi realizada a avaliação física e solicitados exames complementares para posterior encaminhamento à cirurgia. O tutor relatou que o nódulo começou a crescer 15 dias antes do procedimento. A massa neoplásica estava localizada na porção dorsal do plano nasal, com diagnóstico citológico sugestivo de mastocitoma.(AU)

The use of reconstructive surgery in the field of Veterinary Medicine has been growing increasingly, specially when associated with tumor resections. This report describes the surgical reconstruction with the use of advancement flaps in the nasal using the H-plasty technique, after tumor resection suggestive of mastocytoma in a dog. The animal was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, where the physical evaluation was made and complementary exams were requested for subsequent referral to surgery. The tutor reported that the nodule started growing 15 days before the procedure. The neoplastic mass was located in the dorsal portion of the nasal plane, with a cytological diagnosis suggestive of mastocytoma.(AU)

Nanog Expression and Proliferation Indices in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors.

Mast cell tumors are one of the most frequent skin tumors in dogs. Treatment decisions often depend on a wide range of clinical information and the main criteria for prognostic formulation are histological grade, mitotic count, Ki67 index, and KIT immunostaining pattern. NANOG is a pluripotency factor expressed by normal and cancer stem cells, which is a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for several human tumors. In the present study, mast cell tumor samples from 41 dogs were evaluated for NANOG and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. All samples were positive for NANOG but its expression was not correlated with Ki67 index and no significant differences were found with respect to histopathological grades, disease-related mortality, or survival. Our results suggest that, although related to pluripotency, NANOG expression does not correlate with proliferative activity, and is not a reliable prognostic factor for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors.

Assessment of Canine Mast Cell Tumor Mortality Risk Based on Clinical, Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features.

Mast cell tumor (MCT) is a frequent cutaneous neoplasm in dogs that is heterogeneous in clinical presentation and biological behavior, with a variable potential for recurrence and metastasis. Accurate prediction of clinical outcomes has been challenging. The study objective was to develop a system for classification of canine MCT according to the mortality risk based on individual assessment of clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. The study included 149 dogs with a histologic diagnosis of cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT. By univariate analysis, MCT metastasis and related death was significantly associated with clinical stage ( P < .0001, rP = -0.610), history of tumor recurrence ( P < .0001, rP = -0.550), Patnaik ( P < .0001, rP = -0.380) and Kiupel grades ( P < .0001, rP = -0.500), predominant organization of neoplastic cells ( P < .0001, rP = -0.452), mitotic count ( P < .0001, rP = -0.325), Ki-67 labeling index ( P < .0001, rP = -0.414), KITr pattern ( P = .02, rP = 0.207), and c-KIT mutational status ( P < .0001, rP = -0.356). By multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard model, only 2 features were independent predictors of overall survival: an amendment of the World Health Organization clinical staging system (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.824 [1.210-4.481]; P = .01) and a history of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 9.250 [2.158-23.268]; P < .001]. From these results, we propose an amendment of the WHO staging system, a method of risk analysis, and a suggested approach to clinical and laboratory evaluation of dogs with cutaneous MCT.

Controle da dor crônica agudizada em cão submetido à exérese de mastocitoma / Control of acute chronic pain in a dog submitted to mastocytoma excision

Pain is characterized as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage resulting from a noxious stimulus that can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosuppression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of pathological processes. A dog with recurrent mastocytoma diagnosis was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, and the lesions were widely located in the right thoracic dorsolateral region. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of tumor excision and the anesthetic protocol used had as main objective the control of the intraoperative and chronic oncologic pain that would be exacerbated by the surgery. The protocol used yielded good postoperative results and this reaffirms the importance of knowing the classification and pathophysiology of pain so that the veterinarian can take the most appropriate behavior, providing greater comfort and survival to the patient.(AU)

Controle da dor crônica agudizada em cão submetido à exérese de mastocitoma / Control of acute chronic pain in a dog submitted to mastocytoma excision

Pain is characterized as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage resulting from a noxious stimulus that can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosuppression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of pathological processes. A dog with recurrent mastocytoma diagnosis was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Ceará, and the lesions were widely located in the right thoracic dorsolateral region. The patient was submitted to the surgical procedure of tumor excision and the anesthetic protocol used had as main objective the control of the intraoperative and chronic oncologic pain that would be exacerbated by the surgery. The protocol used yielded good postoperative results and this reaffirms the importance of knowing the classification and pathophysiology of pain so that the veterinarian can take the most appropriate behavior, providing greater comfort and survival to the patient.

Mastocitosis cutánea: reporte de un caso / Cutaneous mastocytosis: A case report

Introducción La mastocitosis representa un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por una acumulación excesiva de mastocitos en uno o múltiples tejidos. Puede limitarse a la piel o tener un compromiso sistémico, siendo de baja prevalencia y pronóstico benigno en la infancia. Objetivo Reportar un caso de urticaria pigmentosa como subtipo de mastocitosis cutánea y hacer una revisión bibliográfica enfocada en los hallazgos clínicos, el diagnóstico y el manejo inicial básico. Caso clínico Lactante de 6 meses de edad con múltiples máculas y pápulas de color café claro localizadas en el tronco, los brazos y las piernas, cuadro compatible con una urticaria pigmentosa, confirmada mediante biopsia. Se solicitaron exámenes para descartar compromiso sistémico. La paciente fue tratada con medidas generales, educación y antihistamínicos, con excelente evolución. Conclusiones La mastocitosis cutánea es una enfermedad poco común, de buen pronóstico. En la infancia generalmente bastan las medidas generales y educación para obtener resultados favorables. La terapia farmacológica de primera línea son los antagonistas H1.

Introduction Mastocytosis represents a group of diseases characterised by an excesive accumulation of mastocytes in one or multiple tissues. It can affect only the skin, or have a systemic involvement. It has a low prevalence, and the prognosis is benign in children. Objective To report a case of urticaria pigmentosa as a subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, and present a literature review focused on clinical findings, diagnosis and initial basic management. Clinical case A child of six months of age presenting with multiple blemishes and light brown papules located on the trunk, arms and legs. The symptoms were compatible with urticaria pigmentosa, and was confirmed by biopsy. Tests to rule out systemic involvement were requested. The patient was treated with general measures, education, and antihistamines, with favourable results. Conclusions Cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare disease with a good prognosis. In childhood general measures and education are usually enough to obtain favourable results. Histamine H1 antagonists are the first line drug treatment.

[Cutaneous mastocytosis: A case report]. / Mastocitosis cutánea: reporte de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Mastocytosis represents a group of diseases characterised by an excesive accumulation of mastocytes in one or multiple tissues. It can affect only the skin, or have a systemic involvement. It has a low prevalence, and the prognosis is benign in children. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of urticaria pigmentosa as a subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, and present a literature review focused on clinical findings, diagnosis and initial basic management. CLINICAL CASE: A child of six months of age presenting with multiple blemishes and light brown papules located on the trunk, arms and legs. The symptoms were compatible with urticaria pigmentosa, and was confirmed by biopsy. Tests to rule out systemic involvement were requested. The patient was treated with general measures, education, and antihistamines, with favourable results. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare disease with a good prognosis. In childhood general measures and education are usually enough to obtain favourable results. Histamine H1 antagonists are the first line drug treatment.