Analyzing Non-urgent Emergency Department Visits: Patterns, Demographics, Motivations, and Triage System Awareness in Al-Qassim.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of non-urgent cases, investigate gender and age preferences, and explore factors influencing individuals' selection of the emergency department (ED) for non-urgent cases in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: From July 15, 2022, to December 31, 2022, a structured online questionnaire via a Google Docs survey collected data. The study sampled 425 patients from two prominent Al-Qassim healthcare institutions: Buraydah King Fahad Specialized Hospital and Buraydah Central Hospital. Encompassing patients aged 20 to 80 admitted to the ED between 8:00 and 16:00, concurrent with primary healthcare center availability, the study categorized participants by urgency using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) criteria. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and probit regression in R version 4.3.3, with a significance level of p < 0.05 for result interpretation. RESULTS: In Al-Qassim in 2022, 82.4% of ED visitors sought care for non-urgent cases, while 17.6% sought care for urgent cases. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and gender and urgent ED visits. Among those with non-urgent conditions, the top reasons for bypassing primary healthcare services were slow treatment (52.7%), lack of knowledge about primary healthcare (PHC) services (33.9%), and appointment unavailability (5.5%). Evaluation of awareness of the ED triage system showed a significant difference only among patients with excellent awareness. CONCLUSION: The investigation found a higher prevalence of non-urgent cases, especially among females. Challenges in appointment booking, accessibility, and the perception of urgency were key factors leading patients to choose the emergency department over PHC centers. The study emphasized the crucial role of ED triage system awareness and the impact of satisfaction with PHC services on healthcare-seeking behavior, with younger individuals less likely to visit the ED and males more inclined at specific satisfaction levels.

Promoting Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Case Report Based on China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine is built to promote the establishment of a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented on innovative value， ability and contribution in the backgroud of breaking the four only and setting new standards required by the document jointly issued by several national administrations and commissions. In the process of the construction， in order to further consolidate the foundation and ensure the quality and authority of case reports， we need to fully understand the origin and development of Chinese medical cases. Therefore， we clarified the development situation of Chinese medical cases by combing the characteristics of ancient and modern case reports， comparing the differences between Chinese and western medical case reports in terms of content and writing requirements， finally formed the main points of systematic case report norms and quality evaluation system， aiming to fully explore the unique advantages of Chinese medical cases in the fields of discipline development， scientific research innovation， clinical practice and guidance， talent evaluation and training， so as to promote its innovative development in a broader direction.

[Role and importance of forensic medical re-examination of defects in health care delivery]. / Rol' i znachenie povtornoi sudebno-meditsinskoi ekspertizy defektov okazaniya meditsinskoi pomoshchi.

Article is devoted to the problem of production and legal evaluation of repeated commission (complex) forensic medical examinations based on materials of «medical¼ practices, related to facts of health care delivery adverse outcomes, in criminal and civil proceedings. Reasons of re-examination assignment, theoretical and applied aspects of this procedural institute in evidence in cases of iatrogenic crimes and unqualified health care delivery were considered. The authors pay particular attention to deficiency of legal base and practical approaches to the re-examination assignment and its results' evaluation, and suggest ways to improve the forensic medical and law enforcement activity in this category of cases. The examples from practice, illustrating the content and nature of the re-examination's problem in «medical¼ cases, were given, the ways to improve the quality of expert work and judicial practice were emphasized, and measures, that will improve the situation in short term, were identified.

Research on named entity recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine chest discomfort cases incorporating domain vocabulary features.

OBJECTIVE: To promote research on knowledge extraction and knowledge graph construction of chest discomfort medical cases in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper focuses on their named entity recognition (NER). The recognition task includes six entity types: "syndrome", "symptom", "etiology and pathogenesis", "treatment method", "medication", and "prescription". METHODS: We annotated data in a BIO (B-begin, I-inside, O-outside) manner. For the characteristics of medical case texts, we proposed a custom dictionary method that can be dynamically updated for word segmentation. To compare the effect of the method on the experimental results, we applied the method in the BiLSTM-CRF model and IDCNN-CRF model, respectively. RESULTS: The models using custom dictionaries (BiLSTM-CRF-Loaded and IDCNN-CRF-Loaded) outperformed the models without custom dictionaries (BiLSTM-CRF and IDCNN-CRF) in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The BiLSTM-CRF-Loaded model yielded F1 scores of 92.59% and 93.23% on the test set and validation set, respectively, surpassing the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model by 3.59% and 4.87%. Furthermore, when analyzing the results for the six entity categories separately, we found that the use of custom dictionaries has a marked impact, with the categories of "etiology and pathogenesis" and "syndrome" demonstrating the most noticeable improvements. By comparing the F1 scores, we observed that the entity category "medication" yielded the highest performance, reaching F1 scores of 96.04% and 96.48% on the test set and validation set, respectively. CONCLUSION: We propose a word segmentation method based on a dynamically updated custom dictionary. The method is combined with the BILSTM-CRF and the IDCNN-CRF models, which enhances the model to recognize domain-specific terms and new entities. It can be widely applied in dealing with complex text structures and texts containing domain-specific terms.

Epistemics of the soul: Epistemic logics in German 18th-century empirical psychology.

This article examines epistemic logics in 18th-century German empirical psychology and distinguishes three basic patterns at play throughout the century. First, as empirical psychology was introduced in the 1720s, it relied on the Aristotelian-scholastic conception of experience as universal and evidently true propositions of how things typically behave in nature. Empirical psychology was here a matter of defining and demonstrating the general nature, structure, and functions of the soul by referring to experiences that most people could recognize as universally and evidently true. Second, around midcentury this logic was challenged as a new generation of philosopher-physicians launched an empirical psychology based on extraordinary medical cases. Rather than focusing on the general and universal, this new strand of case-based empirical psychology charted the individual, unique and often abnormal. Third, from the early 1770s, the interest in the individual was complemented by a new discourse on psychological method. Adopting the epistemic techniques developed within natural and experimental philosophy, empirical knowledge of the soul was seen as the result of rigorously conducted singular observations that were frequently repeated and carefully documented and analyzed. Rather than replacing one another sequentially, these three epistemic logics should be understood as cumulative. That is, despite sometimes profound differences, each new logic was layered on top of the existing ones, thereby broadening and increasing the epistemic complexity of empirical psychology.

Another Tradition of Chinese Medical Knowledge Dissemination: The Characteristics and Significance of the 'Zhiguai Medical Cases' of the Song Period.

During the explanation of the origin of 'prescription,' an interesting phenomena in the accumulation and diffusion of medical knowledge in the Song Period is that many prescriptions contain narratives with bizarre elements, such as those given by God through dreams, received from 'strange people,' or from animals appearing in these dreams. This study features an anecdote called 'zhiguai Medical Cases,' which contains bizarre elements in the dissemination process of prescription, narrative of the treatment experience, and specific content of prescription, called a 'zhiguai prescription.' In previous research, such prescriptions were often called a 'God-delivered prescription.' However, a 'zhiguai prescription' appears adequate because it includes a number of factors beyond the 'God-delivered prescription.' This study examines the background of the intensive emergence of massive zhiguai medical cases in the Song Period, reviews the characteristics and significance of the zhiguai prescriptions in the context of postwar medical history, and finally investigates the influence of the bizarre narrative by tracing the dissemination of related prescriptions. This study found that the zhiguai prescription experiences were different from the so-called 'academic' that was formed in the Song Period, and it was 'another' method of medical knowledge dissemination based on their narratives. The emergence of many zhiguai medical cases in the Song Period, especially in the Southern Song period, is related to the activities of the literati official. The literati officials of the Song Period frequently witnessed strange or anomalous phenomena in their daily life. They relied on them to relieve the powerlessness of reality and left records. In addition, unlike the authors of the zhiguai genre of the previous era, they maintained an attitude faithful to the facts when recording them. The massive appearance of the zhiguai medical cases in the Song Period was the result of the combination of the intention of the literati official who valued medicine their medical knowledge to spread the awareness, their reliance on the strange or anomalous phenomena, and their attitude that emphasized a realistic narrative. The significance of the zhiguai prescription of the Song Period can be found in the supplementation and diffusion of existing medical knowledge. In previous research, these were collectively described as 'public experienced methods'; however, various characteristics were found by analyzing the nineteen cases of zhiguai medical cases in Yijianzhi by comparing them with the related contents of the herbal medicine and prescription books of the time. In the use of herbal medicines for specific diseases, there are cases that are unusual or meaningful when compared with existing herbal medicine or prescription books, and thus, this became a decisive basis for the expansion of herbal knowledge in the later period. Moreover, new treatment methods that were not often seen in medical books at the time were introduced, and they have been continuously transmitted to the medical and herbal medicine books since then. Additionally, this study also found cases that were focused on promoting medical knowledge that was not well-known, and the knowledge that must be known, although they were recorded in the existing medical and herbal medicine books. The record of the zhiguai medical cases evidently had its meanings in supplementing and disseminating existing medical knowledge. Prescriptions in the record of the zhiguai medical cases of the Song Period were subsequently recorded in various medical and herbal medicine books, and they handed down until the Ming and Qing period. Later, when a zhiguai prescription was described in a medical book, its bizarre narrative was not omitted, leaving a trace in the name of the prescription. It can be seen that this bizarre narrative served as a decisive opportunity for the prescription to be transmitted later, considering that existing medical books mentioned the related narratives in Yijianzhi as the source for these subsequent transmissions. When discussing the characteristics of the Song Period in Chinese medical history, many studies state that a strong academic medical trend was centered on the pulse and internal medicine, referring to the development of printing technology, the literati official's interest in medicine, and the compilation of medical books. The contents and dissemination of the zhiguai medical cases of the Southern Song confirm 'another' tradition of medical knowledge transmission that relied on the bizarre phenomena and its narratives in Chinese medical history. Its transmission to the Ming and Qing period signifies the continuation of this tradition into later times. The fact that the zhiguai medical cases were later recorded in medical books in the Ming and Qing period clearly shows the dynamism of how knowledge of the 'case' affects the knowledge expansion of medicine, thereby revealing the power of 'another' tradition called the 'zhiguai' narratives.

Syndrome and Treatment Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Modern Medical Cases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the syndrome and treatment rules of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） based on the medical literature and cases with the help of TCM inheritance support system platform （V2.5）， thus providing new ideas for TCM to treat COPD. MethodThe medical cases of TCM treating COPD were retrieved from China national knowledge infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Database， and VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database. The medical cases that met the inclusion literature were collected in a new Word document， and then input into the TCM inheritance support system platform （V2.5） after data standardization. With the help of the algorithm carried by this software， the frequency statistics of "symptoms， syndrome types of TCM， Chinese medicine， and meridians of Chinese medicine" in the included COPD medical cases were performed， and the correlation analysis of the "prescription rules" in the included medical cases was carried out， thus excavating the potential core drug pairs and new prescriptions for the treatment of COPD. ResultA total of 103 articles were included with 126 medical cases and 131 diagnoses and treatments. According to statistics， the common symptoms of COPD were cough， expectoration， chest tightness， and asthma， and the common TCM syndromes included phlegm-heat obstructing lung， phlegm and blood stasis blocking lung， and lung-spleen Qi deficiency. The common TCM treatment methods included clearing heat and resolving phlegm， banking up earth to generate metal， and descending adverse and relieving dyspnea， among which the high-frequency Chinese medicines for the treatment of COPD were Pinelliae Rhizoma， Armeniacae Semen Amarum， Ephedrae Herba， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and so on. The commonly used drug pairs included Asari Radix et Rhizoma-Pinelliae Rhizoma， Pinelliae Rhizoma-Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， etc. Twelve new prescriptions for the treatment of COPD were found. ConclusionTCM believes that COPD is a lung disease formed by external evil， phlegm， blood stasis， and other pathological factors， with cough， phlegm， and asthma as the main symptoms. The main syndromes of COPD are phlegm-heat obstructing lung， phlegm and blood stasis blocking lung， and lung-spleen qi deficiency. "Strengthening the upright and dispelling evil" is the basic principle of the treatment COPD. In clinical， TCM methods with dispelling phlegm and removing blood stasis， and tonifying lung， spleen， and kidney should be adopted to treat COPD.

Study on syndrome differentiation strategy of phlegm and blood stasis syndromes of coronary heart disease based on expert consultation on medical cases.

BACKGROUND: It is becoming more and more important to judge whether patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) have phlegm and blood stasis syndromes in the process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment of CHD. The syndrome differentiation strategy of phlegm and blood stasis syndromes of CHD is still not standardized, and it is particularly necessary to make syndrome differentiation simpler and more accurate. METHODS: Twenty-eight medical cases that met the criteria, comprising 10 ancient medical cases and 18 modern ones, were selected from the TCM literature, which were then analyzed by 57 experts via questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was mainly based on frequency analysis. RESULTS: (I) The average age of the 57 experts from 20 provinces was 48.9±8.5 years; 89.5% were associate professor or above, and 75.4% of them worked at a tertiary hospital. (II) Consistency of expert consultation over medical cases: for the ancient medical cases, the diagnostic consistency rate of phlegm syndrome was 27/34 (79.4%) and additional diagnosis rate of the blood stasis syndrome was 27/57 (47.4%); for the modern medical cases, the consistency rate compared with the original diagnosis of phlegm syndrome was 54/80 (67.5%) and that of blood stasis syndrome was 73/90 (81.1%). (III) The top five experts' diagnostic basics of phlegm syndrome were oppression in the chest, slippery pulse, greasy fur, coughing of phlegm, and chest pain; the top five diagnostic basics of blood stasis syndrome were chest pain, dark tongue, oppression in chest, red tongue, and ecchymosis on tongue. (IV) In the questionnaire consultation on CHD phlegm-blood stasis syndrome cases, the diagnostic basis of "symptom or (and) tongue manifestation" accounted for 12/27 (44.4%) of the diagnostic basics of phlegm syndrome and 28/38 (73.7%) of that of blood stasis syndrome basis. CONCLUSIONS: Modern Chinese medicine experts pay much attention to the diagnosis and treatment of CHD based on TCM pathology theories of phlegm and blood stasis. To collect and detect the patients' symptoms and tongue manifestation is an important strategy of the experts for CHD phlegm and blood stasis syndrome differentiation.

[Study cases of harm to the patient's health by a doctor in criminal proceedings at the Department of Forensic Medicine Research Methods]. / Prepodavanie metodiki sudebno-meditsinskogo issledovaniya sluchaev prichineniya vrachom vreda zdorov'yu patsienta v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve.

The criminal prosecution of medical workers for harm to the health of patients is currently one of the actively developed areas of work of the Investigative Committee. Investigators have a very vague idea about the peculiarities of the objects of evidence in this category of cases, which leads to an abundance of issues in the ruling, the resolution of which often does not allow achieving the goal of the investigation. This leads the issuance of new decisions and producing of many additional and repeated examinations. The passive position of the experts does not improve the situation either. The methodology for investigating cases of harm to the patient's health by a doctor during the production of forensic medical examinations in criminal proceedings requires an expert to actively participate in establishing the circumstances to be proved. This methodology is proposed at the training cycle of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Military Medical Academy named after V.I. C.M. Kirov. The article provides a previously unpublished generalized scheme of the algorithm that can be used in the production of forensic medical examinations in this category of cases.

[The order of the investigators as an object of study in conducting forensic medical examinations according to «medical¼ cases]. / Postanovleniya sledovatelei kak ob"ekt issledovaniya pri provedenii sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertiz po materialam «vrachebnykh del¼.

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the orders of investigators on the appointment of forensic examinations in «medical¼ cases. The results of own research of the content of orders in the aspect of their filling with the circumstances of the case and the data necessary for the rational interaction of experts with the investigation team at the organizational stage of the examination are presented. The ways of improving the methods of carrying out examinations of this type in order to reduce the number of repeated and additional examinations, as well as interrogations of experts, and reduce the burden on state forensic institutions are proposed.

Analysis on Medication Rules of National Medical Masters in Treatment of Stomachache / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To analyze medication rules of national medical masters in the treatment of stomachache by data mining. Method: Prescriptions were collected from 9 works as well as the first batch of national medical masters' medical cases and prescriptions for stomachache recorded in CNKI. Then, Microsoft Excel 2016 was adopted for analyzing the frequencies, properties, flavors and meridian tropisms of herbs, the Apriori algorithm provided by SPSS Clementine 12.0 software was used to analyze association rules of the herbs, and factor analysis was conducted by SPSS 19.0 software. Result: A total of 175 prescriptions containing 230 herbs were selected. The top five herbs used in frequency ranking were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria. The medical properties with high usage frequency were warm, mild and slight cold. The flavors were sweet, bitter and pungent. Meridian tropisms were spleen, stomach and lung. Herbs for regulating Qi, tonifying Qi and promoting digestion ranked top three according to the classification of efficacy. The association rules analysis showed that the highest confidence and support of the related drugs was Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma→Codonopsis Radix-Poria, which reflected treatment characteristics of national medical masters with Sijunzitang as the basic prescription for tonifying Qi. A total of 12 strongly association rules of 2-drug pairs were obtained by association rules, and the most commonly used of which was Paeoniae Radix Alba-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Nine common factors were respectively extracted by factor analysis. Conclusion: Herbs used in the prescriptions of national medical masters for treatment of stomachache are often with the actions of regulating Qi, invigorating deficiency and benefiting Qi, in addition, Shaoyao Gancaotang is often used to generate Yin and relieve pain.

Summarization of the Experience of Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome's Treatment by Professor TAN Yong / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] This paper introduces the experience of Professor TAN Yong's treatment of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome(LUFS) with a view to provide references for the related study.[Methods]Through studying with Professor TAN, collecting and analyzing clinical case data, researching editorial book and articles. From the etiology, pathogenesis and drug selection of the LUFS, the clinical experience of the teacher was discussed, Professor TAN's academic characteristics on the treatment of LUFS were summarized, and a medical case was provided to support the idea.[Results]Professor TAN believes that the pathogenesis of this disease is mostly due to deficiency of the kidney Yin, the weak Yang qi, Yin and Yang conversion is unfavorable during intermenstrual period, combined with pathological factors such as liver depression, blood stasis, and phlegm dampness. Unsmooth running of Qi and blood, so that the follicular can not be discharged smoothly, the disease occurs. In the treatment of combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and western Medicine, in the intermenstrual period attach importance to the function of the heart and brain, to tonifying kidney and blood circulation as a method, the use of "Tonifying Kidney Stimulating Ovulation" medicine treatment, combined with western medicine, in the clinically achieved good results. The medical case was based on the "Tonifying kidney Stimulating Ovulation" medicine as the basis for the successful pregnancy after the treatment, which fully proved the above mentioned dialectical thinking and treatment experience. [Conclusion]It is worthwhile to learn and promote the treatment of LUFS with tonifying kidney and blood circulation therapy.

Professor HAN Xinmin's Treatment of Pediatric Sigh / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]The paper summarizes Professor HAN Xinmin's experiences on treating pediatric sigh by using Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction.[Methods] By learning from Professor HAN Xinmin, recording the relevant cases and analyzing typical cases, to sum up the academic thoughts and effective prescription, as well as list one proved case. [Results] Professor HAN Xinmin holds that most children with sigh have syndromes of deficiency and excess. This is the case of Qi deficiency of the spleen and lung, the insufficiency of the chest Yang and with phlegm evil. Using Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction with the method of clearing Yang Qi and removing phlegm and activating blood stasis can achieve a satisfactory clinical curative effect by treating based on syndrome differentiation. [Conclusion] Professor HAN Xinmin has unique clinical experience for treating pediatric sigh. Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction has significant effect, which has the value of popularization and application.

The Clinical Experience of Professor HE Ruoping in the Treatment of Perimenopausal Syndrome / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To summarize the academic views and clinical experience of Professor HE Ruoping in the treatment of peri menopausal syndrome by using traditional Chinese medicine. [Method] From the clinical treatment, collecting the clinical information of the teacher, research and discuss the traditional Chinese medicine academic ideas and clinical experience of teacher HE in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome, to summarize the traditional Chinese medicine of perimenopausal syndrome in dialectical characteristic.And further explain the characteristics of the treatment of teacher HE through case analysis. [Result] Teacher HE thinks that the main pathogenesis of perimenopausal syndrome is the deficiency of kidney Yin, and divides the patients into stagnation of liver-qi type, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, disharmony between heart and kidney, heart and spleen deficiency type, yin-yang deficiency type, a total of five kinds of syndrome types, according to their clinical manifestation.When confronted with such patients, teacher HE often chooses Liuwei Dihuang Pills to tonify kidney-yin and relieve liver for smooth Qi, promoting qi to activate blood, restoring normal coordination between heart and kidney, invigorating heart and spleen, tonify both Yin and Yang, gives patients more grooming solution at the same time to adjust their physical and mental state as a whole, so the patients could receive remarkable effect and avoid the potential risks of hormone replacement therapy.The case in this article has obtained good treatment results. [Conclusion] Teacher HE treats perimenopause syndrome by tonifying kidney-yin and taking accompanied symptoms and signs into account meanwhile, which has significant clinical effect and the value of popularization and application.

Deconstruction Study of the Experience of Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctors of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in Applying Medicinal Paste / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To study the experience of famous old Traditional Chinese Medicine doctors of Jiangsu, Zhejiangand Shanghai in applying medicinal paste according to the deconstruction analysis of the medical cases formed by miningthe linked data of original cases on the basis of TCM features. Methods: To apply a deconstruction analysis to thesedoctors. medical cases with the quantifiable trend data on the data processing platform of Medcase. Results: This studycollected 472 medical visits, 250 pathogenesis elements, 400 therapies and 529 kinds of herbs. Conclusion: The medicinal pastes are applied by these famous doctors to treat commonly seen consumptive diseases, namely to intervenesub-health status. The chief core indications are lassitude, poor sleep, lumbar soreness and poor appetite; the relatedtongue and pulse conditions are thin or white tongue coating, red or pale tongue proper, and a thready or wiry pulse; thechief pathogenesis elements are deficiency of the liver and kidney, and deficiency of the spleen and kidney; thefrequently used herbs are Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, etc. The prescriptions for medicinal pastesare made by modifying several basic formulas including Sijunzi Decoction, Siwu Decoction, Bazhen Decoction, DangguiBuxue Decoction, Liuwei Dihuang Pills, and Shengmai Decoction. The common excipients for pastes are Ejiao, rockcandy, Guibanjiao, Lujiaojio, etc. The guide for making the pastes are combined therapies, such as regulating both qi andblood, tonifying both yin and yang, and treating both deficiency and excess.

Professor and National Physician Master GUO Chengjie's Malt Clinical Application Experience / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To summarize the clinical experience of the national physician master professor GUO Chengjie application of malt, provide reference for clinical application. [Methods] By following GUO Lao clinical practice study and consulting GUO Lao of previous clinical cases, collection, analysis, summarize the experiences of application of malt of GUO Lao and features, case example is given. [Results] Guo Lao clinical application of this product, FaGu and innovation, to create, dosage, many decoction is exquisite, in prescription compatibility, such as liver and qi, clearly purging liver and gall, disinhibiting dampness and relieving jaundice shall use raw product, lactation most appropriate for raw and fry, back to milk needs fry and large dosage, the food is fried with appropriate medium doses, good clinical results will often begot. [Conclusion] GUO Lao unique method of clinical application of malt, clinical each fine effect, is worth learning to imitate.

The Introducion of Professor YE Jin's Experience in Treating Infantile Recurrent Abdominal Pain / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]The paper was designed to introduce the Professor YE Jin's personal clinical experience which can provide an effective means for other pediatrician.[Method]By introducing the Professor YE Jin's personal clinical experience,we summarize the effective therapies about the infantile recurrent abdominal pain(RAP). [Result]According to the Professor YE Jin, the pathomechanism of RAP includes mainly cold stagnation, the indigestion, parasite and Qi stagnancy. RAP caused bycoldcan be treated from warming the middle-energizer and fending off the cold,RAP resulting from retention of food can be cured by removing the retention and invigorating the stomach, RAP incurred by ascaris can be cured by relieving ascariasis,expelling parasite and purgation simultaneously,and RAP resulting from Qi stagnation can be cured by soothing liver, regulating qi activity, rather than relieving pain merely. Based on the above-mentioned theory,she tends to use Liquorice and prefers Paeonia a lot in curing the disease, that is always effective in clinic as a result.The recurrence rate is also lower.One case was provided for verification.[Conclusion]Professor YE Jin thinks that warming the middle-energizer and fending off the cold, removing the retention and invigorating the stomach, the RAP can be improved the curative effect,and that can provide another idea for other clinicians.

Professor SHI Yanping's Experience of the Treatment of Adenomyosis / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To introduce the Professor SHI Yanping's experience in treating adenomyosis with traditional Chinese medicine. [Methods]Through clinical learning with the teacher and systematic reading literatures about adenomyosis, the author summarized the teacher 's academic thoughts and clinical treating experience of the disease from the etiology and pathogenesis,fundamental law of treatment ,and medication characteristics,and one proven case was presented respectively.[Result] Professor SHI thinks the basic pathogenesis of adenomyosis is deficiency of kidney and blood stasis, accompanied by phlegm dampness, the proof is vacuity, treatment should be staged in terms of different periods:non menses-paying attention to eliminating mass and strengthening the body resistance, creatingNei Yi Ting Fang;menses-paying attention to regulating qi and blood by warming drugs, makingXin Gui Zhi Tong Fang;and at the same time,we have to pay attention to the adjustment of life style.All those lead to a good clinical effect. [Conclusion] The rich experience of Professor SHI in treating this disease might be worthy of promotion and learning,which has a good effect on relieving the discomforts and improving the quality of life in patients.

"Pro. SUN Zhi's Experience of""Purge Stomach and Tonify Spleen""Treatment of Acupuncture on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus" / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] Analyze the academic thought ofpurge stomach and tonify spleentreatment used by Professor SUN Zhi in acupuncture on type-2 diabetes mellitus during his clinical experience.[Method] According to new recognition of type-2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis, study of acupuncture theory, clinical manipulation, conclude acupuncture point choices and needling methods ofpurge stomach and tonify spleentreatment, studying its characteristics. [Result] Type-2 diabetes mellitus belonging toXiaokecategory which features excessive discharge of urine and persistent thirst in Chinese medicine, but their pathogenesis is not the same, Professor SUN Zhi based on years of clinical observation found that patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus commonly manifested obese, polyorexia and accompanied by fatigue, summarized asstrong stomach and weak spleen. Tonify the deficiency and purge sthenia, using acupuncture manipulation, regulating spleen and stomach function, by reducing method of acupuncture Zhongwan, Zusanli and Neiting to inhibt stomach and control appetite, reinforcing method of acupuncture Sanyinjiao, Taibai, Pishu to enhance the transport of the spleen, meaning purging stomach and tonifying spleen. This treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus in clinic achieved good results. [Conclusion]Purge stomach and tonify spleentreatment offers a new way of acupuncture to treat diabetes, deserving further exploration, popularization and application.

Clinical Experience of Professor SHEN Hong for Treating Ulcerative Colitis by Enema / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective]To summarize professor SHEN Hong’s clinical experience in treating ulcerative colitis with enema prescription.[Method] By following the teacher clinic and sorting out the related cases, the author summarizes professor SHEN Hong’s academic experience of treatment of ulcerative colitis with enema prescription, and for proven cases. [Result]On the base of disease stage, Professor SHEN Hong uses the advantages of external therapy of Chinese medicine, and combines the syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation by the reference to the treatment of abscess,carbuncle. On the acute stage, he uses the elimination method to relieve heat and toxic material, cool blood and eliminate carbuncle. On the remission stage, he uses reinforcing method to support sore and drainage of pus and heal wound and promote tissue regeneration in case of recrudescence. Meantime, he focuses on the different locations of lesions by reasonable enema ways. The medication he uses is concise and the prescription changes flexibly with permitted addition and subtraction. The clinical curative effect is satisfactory. [Conclusion] Professor SHEN Hong’s experience is effective and worthy of inheritance and promotion.