[Latent classes of health risk behaviors and their relationship with self-control among rural secondary school students in Guizhou Province].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the potential categories of health risk Guizhou Province. METHODS: From November to December 2021, 4452 rural students in middle school students with average age of(13.5±1.6) years were selected from Guizhou Province by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method.1505(33.8%) students in the first grade, 1958(44.0%) students in the second grade and 989(22.2%) students in the third grade. There were 2295 boys(51.5%) and 2157 girls(48.5%). Basic information questionnaire, health risk behavior questionnaire and self-control scale were used for questionnaire survey. Latent category analysis was used to explore the potential categories of health risk behaviors, and disordered multiple classification logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between potential categories and self-control. RESULTS: The health risk behaviors of rural middle school students in Guizhou Province could be divided into four potential categories: low risk group(71.4%), medium risk group(11.6%), sub-high risk group(5.2%) and high risk group(10.7%). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution characteristics of potential categories of junior middle school students with different gender, grade, nationality, only child, accommodation, stay-behind, academic performance, academic pressure, peer relationship, parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and domestic violence(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Taking the low-risk group as the reference group, the highest self-control scores were in the medium risk group(OR=1.049, 95%CI 1.040-1.058), the sub-high risk group(OR=1.098, 95%CI 1.083-1.113), and the high risk group(OR=1.077, 95%CI 1.066-1.087). CONCLUSION: The latent characteristics of health risk behavior of rural junior middle school students in Guizhou Province are obvious. Improving self-control ability can reduce the occurrence of medium risk group, sub-high risk group and high risk group.

Effects of health education during public health emergencies on the health literacy, emotion and coping style of Chinese junior middle school students: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Schools are high incidence places for public health emergencies. Good health literacy helps students cope with public health emergencies. Overall, the health literacy of young students is relatively low. Health education can promote health literacy, but the health education related to public health emergencies for Chinese junior middle school students needs to be improved. To design and implement health education courses related to public health emergencies for junior middle school students and examine the impact on their health literacy, emotions, and coping styles. METHODS: From March to December 2022, 724 students in Grade 7 and Grade 8 of two junior middle schools in Changzhou were randomly divided into a course group (n = 359) and a control group (n = 365). The course group received an age-appropriate health education course that addressed public health emergencies; there were 12 classes, one per week. The control group received general health education. One week before and after the courses, the two groups of students were assessed with the Adolescent Health Literacy Evaluation Scale under Public Health Emergencies (AHLES-PHE), the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). RESULTS: After the courses were completed, the scores of AHLES-PHE [156.0 (45.0,180.0) vs. 165.0 (54.0,180.0), P < 0. 05] in the course group increased significantly. The positive rate of DSRSC [81 (22.6%) vs. 57 (15.9%), P < 0.05] and GAD-7 [45 (12.5%) vs. 29 (8.1), P < 0.05]in the course group were significantly lower than those before courses. There was no significant difference in the above indices before and after courses in the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This suggests that the health education courses related to public health emergencies designed in this study has an effect on improving health literacy, depression and anxiety in junior middle school students.

Early and continuing grandparental care and middle school students' educational and mental health outcomes in China.

Several recent studies have examined the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren, but few have examined the effects of early and continuing grandparental care on children's development in China. Using data from the China Education Panel Survey, this study examines the effects of early and continuing care, in which grandparents serve as primary caregivers on middle school students' educational (measured by academic performance and cognitive scores) and mental health (depression score) outcomes. Using multilevel analyses and robustness tests, the results show that for urban and rural students, students cared for by their grandparents showed no disadvantages in their educational outcomes. For rural students who received grandparental care in early childhood or adolescence academically outperformed those who received only parental care. Urban and rural students who received only grandparental care in early childhood and adolescence show worse mental health outcomes. These results challenge the prevailing belief that grandparent caregiving can harm grandchildren's school preparation and cognitive abilities.

Investigation on e-cigarette use among middle school students in Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@# To investigate the e-cigarette use and its influencing factors among middle school students in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into e-cigarette control among adolescents.@*Methods@#Students of junior high schools, high schools and vocational high schools in Ningbo City were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from September to October 2021. Students' general information, cigarette and e-cigarette use and e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using 2021 China Youth Tobacco Survey Questionnaire, and proportions of e-cigarette current use and attempt to use were analyzed. Factors affecting the attempt to use e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 1 591 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 574 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.93%. The respondents included 863 males (54.83%) and 711 females (45.17%); 787 junior high school students (50.00%), 535 high school students (33.99%) and 252 vocational high school students (16.01%). The proportion of current e-cigarette use was 1.91% and the proportion of attempt to use e-cigarettes was 6.61%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified males (OR=2.544, 95%CI: 1.438-4.501), living in rural areas (OR=2.084, 95%CI: 1.195-3.634), having close friends who were smokers (OR=4.828, 95%CI: 2.936-7.940), witnessing teachers smoking at school (OR=2.766, 95%CI: 1.642-4.659), e-cigarette advertising exposure (OR=2.155, 95%CI: 1.315-3.532), current cigarette use (OR=9.365, 95%CI: 2.610-33.603) and attempt to use cigarettes (OR=7.519, 95%CI: 4.115-13.737) as promoting factors for the attempt to use e-cigarette. @* Conclusions @#There are e-cigarette use behaviors among middle school students in Ningbo City. Having teachers or close friends who were smokers, cigarette use behaviors and e-cigarette advertising exposure may increase the risk of attempt to use e-cigarettes among middle school students.

Progress in the legislations regarding school nutrition lunch and nutrition status in China and some other countries / 上海预防医学

This paper summarized the school nutrition lunch legislations and nutrition status in China and abroad. School lunch system is relatively well-established and mature in Japan， the United States and Sweden and the lunch system has been gradually as an important part of basic education， which is worth learning by other countries and regions. China started its pilot school nutrition lunch program in 1987， and has improved the nutritional status of students， especially the students in rural areas， significantly. However， there still exists certain gaps compared with developed countries. We should actively learn from those countries， so as to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of China’s nutritional lunch policies.

Factors affecting dissociative tendency among middle school students / 预防医学

Abstract@#Objective To investigate the prevalence of dissociative tendency and its influencing factors among middle school students, so as to provide insights into prevention and early interventions of adolescent dissociative tendency.@* Methods@# Students at ages of 13 to 18 years that studied in 9 high schools were sampled using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method from 3 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City from January, 2021 and March, 2022. Participants' demographics and social, school, family environment and psychological factors were collected using self-designed questionnaires and standardized scales. The dissociative tendency was initially screened using the Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), and the diagnosed by three psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition). Factors affecting ADT were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@# Totally 3 240 students were recruited, and 2 841 students were qualified, with a response rate of 87.69%. The respondents included 1 389 men (48.89%) and 1 452 women (51.11%), and had a mean age of (15.69±1.58) years. The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04%, and the detection of dissociative tendency was higher among men than among women (29.23% vs. 19.08%; χ2=24.529, P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified negative teacher-student relationship (OR=1.055, 95%CI: 1.010-1.103), family emotional expressiveness (OR=0.872, 95%CI: 0.777-0.978), family conflict (OR=1.152, 95%CI: 1.045-1.271), family organization (OR=0.880, 95%CI: 0.780-0.992) and family cohesion (OR=0.871, 95%CI: 0.766-0.987) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among men, and somatization (OR=1.041, 95%CI: 1.002-1.082) and paranoid ideation (OR=1.094, 95%CI: 1.006-1.190) as factors affecting dissociative tendency among women. @*Conclusions@# The prevalence of dissociative tendency was 24.04% among middle school students. Negative teacher-student relationship, family emotional expressiveness, family conflict, family organization, and family cohesion may affect dissociative tendency among men, while somatization and paranoid ideation may affect dissociative tendency among women.

E-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate of e-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents.@*Methods@#Students were randomly sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method from three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Hainan Province from July to October, 2021. Participants' basic features, use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using the Questionnaire on Tobacco and Alcohol Prevalence among Chinese Adolescents in 2021 prepared by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Following data weighting, students' use of e-cigarettes and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 8 561 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.73%. The respondents included 4 470 boys (52.35%) and 4 068 girls (47.65%), and there 4 367 junior high school students (51.15%), 3 482 high school students (40.78%), and 689 vocational high school students (8.07%). The rate of e-cigarette use was 25.01% and the rate of current e-cigarette use was 4.68%. There were 2 728 respondents with exposure to e-cigarette advertising during the past 30 days, and the number of weighted individuals were 210 932 (32.60%). The route of e-cigarette advertising exposure mainly included point-of-sale (21.59%), stores (13.61%), and shopping websites (9.01%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified region (OR=0.610, 95%CI: 0.482-0.772), males (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.062-1.669), high school students (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.259-0.545), companion smoking (OR=6.645, 95%CI: 4.935-8.948) and advertising exposure (OR=3.229, 95%CI: 2.581-4.040) as factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes. @*Conclusions@#The use of e-cigarettes among middle school students is higher in Hainan Province than the national level, and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may facilitate use of e-cigarettes. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of e-cigarettes, strictly restrict e-cigarettes advertisements and promotions.

Effects of negative life events on depression in middle school students: The chain-mediating roles of rumination and perceived social support.

Background: Negative life events in middle school students have a significant impact on depression. However, the mechanism of this association is not fully understood. This study used rumination and perceived social support as mediating variables to explore the influence of negative life events on depression. Materials and methods: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing, a convenient sampling method was adopted to collect information about middle school students in Shandong Province by means of online questionnaire. Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Ruminative Responses Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Children's Depression Inventory were used. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted for four variables of middle school students, including life events, depression, rumination thinking and perceived social support, and the chain mediated effect was tested by using process plug-in. All statistically analysis was conducted by SPSS 23.0. Results: 493 middle school students (16.7000 ± 0.9500 years) including 343 female students (69.6000%) from Shandong Province recruited. Results showed that the total effect between life events and depression was significant (effect = 0.2535, 95%CI: 0.2146, 0.2924). The total indirect effect was significant (effect = 0.1700, 95%CI: 0.1349, 0.2072). The indirect effect was significant (effect = 0.0988, 95%CI: 0.0741, 0.1252) with rumination as the mediating variable. The indirect effect of pathway with perceived social support as the mediating variable was significant (effect = 0.0476, 95%CI: 0.0295, 0.0674). The indirect effect of pathway with rumination and perceived social support as mediating variables was also significant (effect = 0.0236, 95%CI: 0.0147, 0.0339). Conclusion: This study indicated that ruminant thinking and perceived social support had a significant chain mediating effect on adolescents' life events and depression. Life events can not only directly affect depressive emotions, but also indirectly affect depressive emotions by affecting ruminant thinking and perceived social support. The results of this study not only provide new directions for the relationship between life events and depression, but also provide possible approaches for future prevention and intervention of depression in middle school students.

Body Mass Index and Academic Achievement Among Chinese Secondary School Students: The Mediating Effect of Inhibitory Control and the Moderating Effect of Social Support.

Based on Embodied Cognition Theory, Inhibitory Decline Theory, and Risk Protective Factors Model, this study verified that body mass index (BMI) affects secondary school students' academic performance through the mechanism of inhibitory control. In addition, it was verified that the strength of this mechanism depends on the teacher, parent, and peer support received by secondary school students. By using height and weight measurements, the classic stroop task, and the social support scale, 264 secondary school students in Shanxi Province, China, were surveyed and their academic performance was collected. The results showed that students with high BMI had poorer academic performance, and inhibitory control partially mediated the effect between BMI and academic performance, with the inhibitory control mediated effect accounting for 36.68% of the total effect. Support from teachers, parents, and peers can ameliorate the negative effects of BMI on academic performance, with teacher support and parental support also ameliorating the negative effects of BMI on inhibitory control. Thus, high BMI impairs inhibitory control and thus has a negative impact on academic performance, which can be buffered by social support.

Differential Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Involved in Aerobic Exercise Improvement of Chronic Fatigue Symptoms in Adolescents Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Studies have found that the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in adolescents has continued to increase over the years, affecting learning and physical health. High school is a critical stage for adolescents to grow and mature. There are inadequate detection and rehabilitation methods for CFS due to an insufficient understanding of the physiological mechanisms of CFS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and metabolic mechanisms of an aerobic running intervention program for high school students with CFS. Forty-six male high school students with CFS were randomly assigned to the exercise intervention group (EI) and control group (CFS). Twenty-four age- and sex-matched healthy male students were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). The EI group received the aerobic intervention for 12 weeks, three times a week, in 45-min sessions; the CFS group maintained their daily routines as normal. The outcome measures included fatigue symptoms and oxidation levels. Keratin was extracted from the nails of all participants, and the oxidation level was assessed by measuring the content of 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the keratin by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. All participants' morning urine was collected to analyze urinary differential metabolites by the GC-MS technique before and after the intervention, and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway analysis. Compared with before the intervention, the fatigue score and 3-NT level in the EI group were significantly decreased after the intervention. The CFS group was screened for 20 differential metabolites involving the disruption of six metabolic pathways, including arginine biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, purine metabolism, ß-alanine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. After the intervention, 21 differential metabolites were screened, involved in alterations in three metabolic pathways: beta-alanine metabolism, pentose phosphate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Aerobic exercise was found to lessen fatigue symptoms and oxidative levels in students with CFS, which may be related to the regulation of putrescine (arginine and proline metabolism), 6-Phospho-D-Gluconate (starch and sucrose metabolism pathway), and Pentose (phosphate metabolism pathway).

The influence of ambient aroma on middle school students' academic emotions.

This study investigated the influence of ambient aroma on the academic emotions experienced by middle school students in a practical educational environment. The study was conducted with pre- and post-test experimental design upon subjects in three parallel classes (n = 109) in grade two of a junior school in China. These classes were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (no aroma, daily aroma or aroma every other day). The academic emotions of the students were measured twice using the Adolescent Academic Emotion Questionnaire, once before and once 8 weeks after the use of aromatherapy. Comparison of the change in ratings from baseline to post-test showed that compared to the control class; joy, hope, positive high-arousal academic emotion and relaxation were significantly higher in ambient aroma conditions, and anger and negative high-arousal academic emotion in these conditions were significantly lower. The results suggest that the ambient aroma of sweet orange essential oil can mitigate the reduction in positive academic emotion and improve negative academic emotion in school students over time.

Analysis of influencing factors for injury incidence among primary and middle school students in Changning District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injury among both primary and middle school students in Changning District， Shanghai， and to provide evidence for injury prevention. Methods In 2018， data of basic characteristics and injury-related factors were obtained through field questionnaire survey among the selected primary and middle schools （2 of each）. Results The study finally included 1 821 students， with injury incidence rate of 30.1%. Among them， the injury incidence rate for the primary schools was 32.0%， and 28.8% for the middle schools. The top three injury types were falls， sharps injuries， and blunt injuries. Age， gender， myopia， and injury-related knowledge/behaviors were significantly related to injury incidence. Conclusion Falls should still be the priority of injury prevention for primary/middle school students in Changning District. The effect of reducing injuries can be achieved by improving health education about injury-related knowledge/behaviors.

Correlation between depressive symptoms and sleep quality among middle school students in Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background The correlation between depression and sleep quality is well established in adults, but similar evidence is lacking in adolescents. Objective To study the sleep quality, the positive rate of depressive symptoms, and their correlation among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for providing mental health and sleep management to this group of students. Methods From September to November 2020, using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 7796 students from 32 middle schools in 16 districts of Shanghai were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire for middle school students of the 2020 Shanghai Students’ Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance was used to collect students' demographic information, history of smoking, history of drinking, and history of chronic diseases; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality; and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. χ2 test was used to compare qualitative data between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai. Results After excluding incomplete questionnaires, a total of 7160 valid questionnaires were collected. The average sleep time of middle school students in Shanghai was (7.54±1.15) h. Among them, 84.8% reported insufficient sleep time < 9 h, and only 15.2% reported sleep time ≥9 h. In addition, 9.2% of the students had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ≥8 points). The sleep quality of urban students was worse than that of suburban students. The sleep quality of girls was worse than that of boys. The sleep quality of students in the third grade of middle school was worse than that of students in the first and second grades of middle school. Students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history had worse sleep quality than those without (P<0.05). The positive rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shanghai was 22.2%, among which 7.0% reported possible depressive symptoms and 15.2% reported definite depressive symptoms. The positive rate of depressive symptoms in female students (26.1%) was higher than that in male students (18.5%); among different grades of middle school, the positive rate of depressive symptoms of the third grade middle school students was the highest (24.1%); the positive rates of depressive symptoms in students with smoking history, drinking history, and chronic disease history were higher than those without; the positive rate of depressive symptoms was higher in students with poor sleep quality (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the students with poor sleep quality showed higher risks of reporting depressive symptoms, and the OR (95%CI) was 17.064 (14.024-20.764). Conclusion The positive rates of poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms of middle school students in Shanghai are high, and there is a significant correlation between these two indicators. For students’ mental health and sleep management, more attention should be paid to the quality in addition to the quantity of sleep.

Investigation on sleep quality among primary and middle school studentsin Zhoushan City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the sleep status among primary and middle school students in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving the sleep quality among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A district and a county was selected using the cluster random sampling method from Zhoushan City in October, 2019, and grades 4 to 6 primary school students, junior high school and high school students were sampled as the study subjects. Students' gender, grade, residing in schools, duration of homework and duration of extracurricular classes were collected using the questionnaires of the 2019 national program for common diseases and health risk factors surveillance and intervention program among Chinese students. According to the Plan for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Myopia among Children and Adolescents, daily sleep duration of 10 h and longer among primary school students, 9 h and longer among junior high school students and 8 h and longer among high school students were defined as adequate sleep, and the proportion of adequate sleep was estimated among primary and middle school students.@*Results@#Totally 3 042 students were enrolled, including 1 587 boys (52.17%) and 1 455 girls (47.83%), 996 primary school students (32.74%), 1 030 junior high school students (33.86%), 758 ordinary high school students (24.92%) and 258 vocational high school students (8.48%). The mean sleep duration was (9.23±1.10) h among primary school students, (8.09±1.05) h among junior high school students, (7.20±1.26) h among ordinary high school students and (7.97±1.03) h among vocational high school students, respectively, and the proportion of adequate sleep was 26.31% among primary school students, 22.82% among junior high school students, 22.56% among ordinary high school students and 66.67% among vocational high school students, respectively. A relatively higher proportion of adequate sleep was seen among primary school students in Grade 4 (33.63%) and with homework duration of less than 1 h (34.53%); among junior high school students in Grade 1 (37.76%), residing in schools (40.00%), studying in county schools (30.87%), with homework duration of less than 1 h (34.69%) and less than 1 h duration of extracurricular classes (33.33%); among male ordinary high school students (28.03%), and ordinary high school students in Grade 1 (28.30%), residing in schools (26.18%) and studying in district schools (25.83%); among male vocational high school students (69.06%) and vocational high school students residing in schools (73.14%).@*Conclusion@#The proportion of adequate sleep is low among primary and middle school students in Zhoushan City. The homework duration and duration of extracurricular classes are recommended to be reduced to ensure adequate sleep among primary and middle school students.

Characteristics of injuries among primary and middle school students in Panyu District / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the injury characteristics among primary and middle school students in Panyu District, Guangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for developing the strategies for prevention and control of injuries.@*Methods@# The data of 6 to 18 years old primary and middle school students with initial diagnosis of injury at Panyu District Central Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected. The basic characteristics of injury cases, the causes, time and place of injury development were analyzed by a descriptive epidemiological method.@*Results@#Totally 10 833 primary and middle school students with injury were reported in Panyu District from 2014 to 2019, including 7 401 boys and 3 432 girls, with a boy/girl ratio of 2.16∶1. The injury predominantly occurred in primary school students (6 903 cases, 63.72%). The causes of injury mainly included fall (4 457 cases, 41.14%), animal injury (2 593 cases, 23.94%), blunt injury (1 682 cases, 15.53%), knife/sharp instrument injury (923 cases, 8.52%) and traffic injury (731 cases, 6.75%). The place of injury development mainly included home (4 267 cases, 39.39%), school and public place (3 184 cases, 29.39%), and road/street (1 854 cases, 17.11%). The injury predominantly occurred from August to October (3 289 cases, 30.36%), and the activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities (3 860 cases, 35.63%), life activities (2 662 cases, 24.57%) and sports (1 929 cases, 17.81%). The characteristics of injury mainly included contusion/abrasion (4 528 cases, 41.80%), sharp instrument/bite/open injury (4 019 cases, 37.10%) and fracture (871 cases, 8.04%), and the upper limb was the main injury site (3 552 cases, 32.79%). There were 9 877 cases with mild injuries (91.18%), and 10 451 cases left hospitals after seeing a doctor (96.47%).@*Conclusions@#Fall is the main causes of injury among primary and middle school students in Panyu District, and boys and primary school students are high-risk groups for injury. Family prevention should be emphasized, and health education pertaining to injury should be intensified among students during the long holidays and leisure activities.

Investigation of the family environment of senior high school students with psychological problems / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo discuss the family environment characteristics of senior high school students with psychological problems， and to provide references for realizing management of senior high school students' mental health. MethodsA total of 1 917 senior high school students in Foshan No. 2 Middle School were enrolled， and assessed using Middle School Student Mental Health Scale （MSSMHS-60） and a self-compiled family environment questionnaire. Then the family environment characteristics of senior high school students with psychological problems were analyzed. ResultsThe total score of MSSMHS-60 was （1.83±0.49） in 1 917 senior high school students， and was （2.40±0.36） in 602 （31.40%） students with psychological problems. The detection rate of psychological problems demonstrated significant difference among senior high school students with different status of companionship， household finance， parental rearing style and kinship （χ2=16.951， 38.142， 90.545， 59.448， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of frequent parental quarrels was a risk factor for senior high school students' mental health （OR=3.120， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe detection rate of psychological problems is high among senior high school students in Foshan City， and family disputes is a risk factor for psychological problems.

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in primary and middle schools， Urumqi， Xinjiang， 2014-2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To evaluate the epidemiological trend of varicella（chickenpox）in Urumqi， this retrospective study was performed by using the school surveillance data between 2014 and 2018. Methods:Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of varicella cases from school infectious disease prevention and control information management system from 2014 to 2018. Results:A total of 4 910 cases of varicella were reported in primary and secondary schools， with an average incidence of 290.73/100 000 per year. Primary school students accounted for 60.6%， middle school students for 27.4% and high school students for 12.0%. Among them， there were 2 595 boys and 2 315 girls with sex ratio of 1.12∶1. Two seasonal peaks of varicella incidence were observed every year， from March to June and from November to January of next year. Conclusion:Primary schools are the major places of varicella outbreak and should be the priority places for prevention and control， but the prevention and education in boarding schools should not be neglected. In areas with high incidence of varicella， it is vital to focus on prevention to avoid the infectious diseases spreading and outbreak.

[Influencing factors of depressive symptoms of rural middle school students in Zizhong County based on two-level Logistic regression model].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms of middle school students in rural areas of Zizhong County, and to analyze its main influencing factors. METHODS: In October 2015, two rural middle schools in Zizhong County, Sichuan Province, were selected to conduct a self-administered questionnaire survey(general demographic characteristics, the center for epidemiological studies depression scale(CES-D), self-esteem scale(SES) and connor-davidson resilience scale(CD-RICS)) on all the students(there were 2744 effective persons, including 1308 boys and 1436 girls, 554 middle school students and 2190 high school students), and then carried out a follow-up survey every semester. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30. 5%(in the baseline survey, it was 26. 7%, the third 35. 7% and the fifth 29. 8%), and the rate of female students was 30. 3%, higher than that of male students 22. 9%(χ~2=19. 72, P<0. 05). The main influencing factors of depressive symptoms of rural middle school students in Sichuan were gender(ß=0. 201, P=0. 001), be aware of whether teacher liked or not(ß=0. 228, P=0. 005), be aware of whether classmates liked or not(ß=0. 488, P<0. 001), be aware of the relationship with parents(ß=0. 201, P=0. 001), the power of the psychological resilience(ß=0. 046, P<0. 001) and the optimism of the psychological resilience(ß=-0. 030, P=0. 038), self-esteem(ß=-0. 140, P<0. 001). CONCLUSION: The depression symptoms of adolescents are related to many factors. The self-conscious teachers and classmates do not like himself(herself), and the bad relationship with parents are positively related to the depression symptoms of adolescents, while the psychological resilience and self-esteem are negatively related. The multi-level Model of repeated measurement is suitable for the analysis of the influencing factors and their changing rules in the longitudinal study of depression symptoms.

Reliability and validity of the Columbia suicide screen in junior middle school students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To examine the reliability and validity of the Columbia suicide screen (CSS) in detecting suicide risk for junior middle school students.@*Methods@#Using convenient sampling, 902 students of a junior middle school were tested with CSS and Beck depression inventory (BDI) .Cronbach's alpha coefficient, parity split-half coefficient and test-retest reliability were examined after two weeks.Content validity was evaluated using specialist analysis and sensibility analysis.The BDI was used to explore the correlative validity.The convergent validity of CSS and another suicide risk screening method was examined.@*Results@#The proportion of students with suicide problem (suicide ideation or suicide attempts), suicide ideation within the previous year and suicide attempts in the past were 14.97%(135/902), 14.19%(128/902)and 3.66%(33/902) respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Parity split-half coefficient of CSS were 0.844 and 0.908, respectively.The test-retest reliability of CSS were screening of suicide ideation (ICC=0.897), screening of suicide attempts (ICC=0.798), screening of substance use (ICC=0.882), screening of suicide problem (ICC=0.881), and screening of suicide problem combine depression (ICC=0.829) (P<0.01). Sensibility analysis of CSS showed the cronbach α ranged from 0.834 to 0.845.Correlative validity between CSS and BDI were screening of suicide ideation(ρ=0.238, 0.337, 0.334, 0.599), screening of suicide attempts(ρ=0.122, 0.231, 0.310, 0.221), screening of depression(ρ=0.335, 0.309, 0.196, 0.215), screening of suicide problem(ρ=0.240, 0.328, 0.321, 0.590)and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.212, 0.324, 0.320, 0.474)(P<0.01). Convergent validity between CSS and another suicide risk screening method were screening of suicide ideation(ρ=0.468), screening of suicide attempts(ρ=0.349), screening of suicide problem(ρ=0.453), and screening of suicide problem combine depression(ρ=0.469)(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#CSS has good internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability and content validity.Screening of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, suicide problem and suicide problem combine depression have good test-retest reliability, but the correlative validity and convergent validity are not satisfying.These four screening methods can only be used for preliminary screening suicide risk in junior middle school students.

Relationship between Dietary Behaviors and Life Stress of Middle School Students in Gyeonggi Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to examine the dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students in the Gyeonggi area. METHODS: A total of 580 middle school students (295males, 285 females) in the Gyeonggi area participated in the study between July and August in 2011. The study was a questionnaire-based survey that included dietary habits, dietary behaviors, and life stress. RESULTS: For dietary habits, the score for drinking milk was higher in male students than in female students, whereas the score for eating fruits was higher in female students compared to male students. There were significant differences in foods eaten and preferred under stress between male and female students. Male students showed significantly less changes in the number of meals, amount of meal intake, number of snacks, snack intake, frequency of overeating, and appetite during stress than female students. Life stress score of students largely came from academic factors, and female students showed higher stress levels in personal and surrounding environment factors than male students. Life stress score was significantly lower in students with high and moderate levels of dietary habits than in students with a low level of dietary habits. Total score for dietary habits and scores for eating adequate amounts of foods for each meal, considering a combination of food groups at each meal and eating green and orange vegetables, were significantly negatively correlated with life stress score. Life stress score was significantly negatively correlated with meal regularity and positively with the level of overeating. CONCLUSIONS: This study may provide basic information on dietary habits and life stress according to gender and the relationship between dietary behaviors and life stress of middle school students, and it suggests gender-based nutrition education programs to solve undesirable dietary habits and dietary behaviors in students with higher stress.