Effect of Selenium Supplementation in Broiler Diets on Breast Meat Deposition

The objective of the study was to evaluate the deposition of selenium in the breast muscle of broilers fed different selenium sources during different periods. Two experiments were carried out with broilers fed 45% sodium selenite (SS) or 2% hydroxy-selenomethionine (HSM) to determine the selenium deposition rate in the muscle tissue. In Experiment 1, 48 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments with eight replicates each, consisting of diets containing 0 Se (0), 200 or 400 µgSS/kg (200 SS, 400 SS), or 100, 200, or 300 µgHSM/kg (100 HSM, 200 HSM, 300 HSM) for 10 days. The highest Se breast content was obtained with 300 HSM diet, followed by 200 SS diet compared to the other treatments. Experiment 2 had a completely randomized design following a plot scheme subdivided in time, and consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 300 µg SS/kg (300 SS), basal diet with 200 µg HSM/kg (200 HSM) or basal diet supplemented with 100 µgSS/kg and 100 µgHSM/kg (100 SS+100 HSM). Dietary Se sources did not influence Se breast content measured on days 3 and 6. However, on days 9 and 12, higher Se breast contents were measured in broilers fed 200 HSM and 100 SS+100 HSM diets compared with those fed 300 SS diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of broiler diets with HSM at 2% for a short period is more efficient to increase selenium deposition in the breast muscle than sodium selenite.(AU)

Effect of Selenium Supplementation in Broiler Diets on Breast Meat Deposition

The objective of the study was to evaluate the deposition of selenium in the breast muscle of broilers fed different selenium sources during different periods. Two experiments were carried out with broilers fed 45% sodium selenite (SS) or 2% hydroxy-selenomethionine (HSM) to determine the selenium deposition rate in the muscle tissue. In Experiment 1, 48 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments with eight replicates each, consisting of diets containing 0 Se (0), 200 or 400 µgSS/kg (200 SS, 400 SS), or 100, 200, or 300 µgHSM/kg (100 HSM, 200 HSM, 300 HSM) for 10 days. The highest Se breast content was obtained with 300 HSM diet, followed by 200 SS diet compared to the other treatments. Experiment 2 had a completely randomized design following a plot scheme subdivided in time, and consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 300 µg SS/kg (300 SS), basal diet with 200 µg HSM/kg (200 HSM) or basal diet supplemented with 100 µgSS/kg and 100 µgHSM/kg (100 SS+100 HSM). Dietary Se sources did not influence Se breast content measured on days 3 and 6. However, on days 9 and 12, higher Se breast contents were measured in broilers fed 200 HSM and 100 SS+100 HSM diets compared with those fed 300 SS diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of broiler diets with HSM at 2% for a short period is more efficient to increase selenium deposition in the breast muscle than sodium selenite.

Antibacterial and Remineralizing Fillers in Experimental Orthodontic Adhesives.

Orthodontic adhesives with antimicrobial and remineralizing properties may be an alternative to control white spot lesions around brackets. The aim of this study is to develop an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) and alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ATAB). Methacrylate (BisGMA and TEGDMA) monomers were used to formulate the adhesives. Four experimental groups were produced with the addition of 0.1 wt.% BNNT (GBNNT); 0.1 wt.% ATAB (GATAB); and 0.2 wt.% BNNT with ATAB (GBNNT/ATAB); in the control group, no fillers were added (GCtrl). The degree of conversion, cytotoxicity, softening in solvent, contact angle and free surface energy, antibacterial activity, shear bond strength, and mineral deposition were evaluated. Adhesives achieved degree of conversion higher than 50% and cell viability higher than 90%. GBNNT and GATAB adhesives exhibited reduced softening in solvent. Mean free surface energy was decreased in the GBNNT adhesive. Significant reduction in bacterial growth was observed in the GBNNT/ATAB. No statistical difference was found for shear bond strength. Mineral deposition was found in GBNNT, GATAB, and GBNNT/ATAB groups after 14 and 28 days. The addition of 0.2% BNNT/ATAB to an experimental orthodontic adhesive inhibited bacterial growth and induced mineral deposition without affecting the properties of the material.

In vitro antibacterial and remineralizing effect of adhesive containing triazine and niobium pentoxide phosphate inverted glass.

OBJECTIVES: White spot lesions are still a concern for orthodontic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the remineralizing and antibacterial effect of a newly developed orthodontic adhesive. METHODS: The compounds 1,3,5-tryacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT) and phosphate invert glass containing 10 mol% of niobium pentoxide (PIG-Nb) were added at 20 and 5 wt%, respectively, to an experimental adhesive (75 wt% BisGMA, 25 wt% TEGDMA, 5 wt% fummed silica, and photo-initiator system), called TPN. A group without the addition of these compounds was used as Control and the orthodontic adhesive Transbond XT (TXT) was used for comparison. Antibacterial activity was evaluated through surface biofilm formation, mineral deposition, and degree of conversion (DC) through Raman microscopy, Knoop hardness after softening in solvent, and bracket dislodgement (BD). RESULTS: TPN group presented a reduction in bacterial growth when compared to Control and TXT. Mineral deposits were observed on the surface of TPN adhesive after 14 and 28 days of immersion in artificial saliva. There was an increase in DC after 28 days, whereas TPN group presented the highest DC. All groups underwent some degree of softening. No significant changes were observed in BD after 28 days of immersion in artificial saliva. CONCLUSION: The newly developed orthodontic adhesive, with addition of 20 wt% TAT and 5w% PIG-Nb, exhibited antibacterial activity and was capable to induce mineral deposition on its surface in vitro. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The orthodontic adhesive developed in this study with antibacterial activity and mineral deposition could be a reliable choice for brackets adhesion.

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.(AU)

The effect of calcium and available phosphorus levels on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics of Japanese quails at end of the egg-production phase

Calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (avP) requirements for egg production are different between the beginning and the end of the egg-production cycle. The objective of this study was to estimate the Ca and avP requirements of Japanese quails at end of the production phase. In total, 256 Japanese quails with 48 weeks of age were randomly distributed in 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two Ca levels (29 and 38 g/kg) and two avP levels (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg), totaling four treatments with eight replicates of eight hens each. The variables evaluated were feed intake (FI); egg production (EP); marketable egg production (MEP); egg weight (EW); egg mass (EM); feed conversion ratio per egg mass (FCRM); feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (FCRD); livability (L); yolk weight (YW), albumen weight (AW), eggshell weight (SW); yolk percentage (YP), albumen percentage (AP), eggshell percentage (SP), specific egg weight (SEW); bone calcium percentage (BCa), bone phosphorus percentage (BP), bone ash weight (Bash) and bone ash percentage (PBash). There was no interaction between Ca and avP levels for any of the evaluated parameters, except for SEW. Quail performance was not influenced by the treatments, except for MEP. Bone characteristics were not influenced by the tested dietary Ca and avP levels. However, SW and SP increased and AP decreased as dietary Ca level increased. The dietary supplementation of 38 g Ca/kg and 3.0 g avP/kg may increase marketable egg production and the egg quality of Japanese quails at end of the production cycle.