Development of an Intelligent System for the Monitoring and Diagnosis of the Well-Being.

Today, society is more aware of their well-being and health, making wearable devices a new and affordable way to track them continuously. Smartwatches allow access to daily vital physiological measurements, which help people to be aware of their health status. Even though these technologies allow the following of different health conditions, their application in health is still limited to the following physical parameters to allow physicians treatment and diagnosis. This paper presents LM Research, a smart monitoring system mainly composed of a web page, REST APIs, machine learning algorithms, psychological questionnaire, and smartwatches. The system introduces the continuous monitoring of the users' physical and mental indicators to prevent a wellness crisis; the mental indicators and the system's continuous feedback to the user could be, in the future, a tool for medical specialists treating well-being. For this purpose, it collects psychological parameters on smartwatches and mental health data using a psychological questionnaire to develop a supervised machine learning wellness model that predicts the wellness of smartwatch users. The full construction of the database and the technology employed for its development is presented. Moreover, six machine learning algorithms (Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, and K-nearest neighbor) were applied to the database to test which classifies better the information obtained by the proposed system. In order to integrate this algorithm into LM Research, Random Forest being the one with the higher accuracy of 88%.

Reducing Operational Expenses of LoRaWAN-Based Internet of Remote Things Applications.

LoRaWAN has become the most widely used low-power wide-area network technology to implement monitoring solutions based on the Internet of remote things (IoRT) paradigm. Typically, these solutions interconnect remote sensing areas and data processing infrastructure located in urban centers. The operation expenses of these solutions depend mainly on the traffic sent through the network backhaul, i.e., the link that connects the remote sensing area and the urban area where the data are usually processed and stored. This service is provided by telecommunication companies and represents the main operation cost of IoRT solutions. These expenses usually limit the affordability of IoRT-based systems in developing countries, and also in scenarios where the operational cost is an issue to address. This paper presents an extension to the LoRaWAN protocol, named Node-Aware-LoRaWAN (NA-LoRaWAN), that reduces the traffic in the backhaul, thus decreasing the operational expenses of IoRT-based systems. In order to evaluate the performance of NA-LoRaWAN, it was compared to a regular LoRaWAN implementation. Depending on the network scenario, the proposed extension reduced the traffic through the backhaul in the range of 12-34%. This extension opens several opportunities to use IoRT solutions in application domains with a low operational budget, e.g., precision agriculture, environmental monitoring and natural hazards' early detection.

Variations in Internal and External Training Load Measures and Neuromuscular Performance of Professional Soccer Players During a Preseason Training Period.

We described the internal and external training loads (TLs) experienced by soccer players over a 4-week preseason, examined their effects on vertical jump (VJ) performance, and investigated the relationships between different TL variables. Eighteen professional soccer players performed 17 training sessions and 1 friendly-match (FM) over the preseason. The internal TL was obtained using the session-rating of perceived exertion method. The external TL variables collected were total and high-intensity distances, body-load, and high-metabolic power distance via the GPS system. VJ performance was assessed 13 times throughout the study. Moreover, total quality recovery and delayed onset muscle soreness were assessed before every training session as a measure of recovery status. Players were divided, using a median split analysis, into two groups, according to their VJ performance (i.e., "lower" and "higher" VJ). External TL variables displayed similar variations across training sessions and were significantly interrelated (r ranging from 0.48 to 0.88). In periods where higher internal TLs were detected, impaired recovery status was noticed. Notably, the higher VJ group exhibited decreased jump performance at post-test and higher internal and external TLs across the entire preseason (compared to the lower VJ group). From our results it is suggested that professional soccer players with higher VJ performance are potentially more susceptible to concurrent training effects.

A Monitoring System for Online Fault Detection and Classification in Photovoltaic Plants.

Photovoltaic (PV) energy use has been increasing recently, mainly due to new policies all over the world to reduce the application of fossil fuels. PV system efficiency is highly dependent on environmental variables, besides being affected by several kinds of faults, which can lead to a severe energy loss throughout the operation of the system. In this sense, we present a Monitoring System (MS) to measure the electrical and environmental variables to produce instantaneous and historical data, allowing to estimate parameters that ar related to the plant efficiency. Additionally, using the same MS, we propose a recursive linear model to detect faults in the system, while using irradiance and temperature on the PV panel as input signals and power as output. The accuracy of the fault detection for a 5 kW power plant used in the test is 93.09%, considering 16 days and around 143 hours of faults in different conditions. Once a fault is detected by this model, a machine-learning-based method classifies each fault in the following cases: short-circuit, open-circuit, partial shadowing, and degradation. Using the same days and faults applied in the detection module, the accuracy of the classification stage is 95.44% for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. By combining detection and classification, the overall accuracy is 92.64%. Such a result represents an original contribution of this work, since other related works do not present the integration of a fault detection and classification approach with an embedded PV plant monitoring system, allowing for the online identification and classification of different PV faults, besides real-time and historical monitoring of electrical and environmental parameters of the plant.

Pre-slaughter cattle welfare indicators for use in commercial abattoirs with voluntary monitoring systems: A systematic review.

Animal welfare has become an important subject of public, economic and political concern, leading to the need to validate indicators that are feasible to use at abattoirs. A systematic review was carried out, which identified 72 cattle welfare indicators (CWI) that were classified into four categories (physiological, morphometric, behavioral and meat quality). Their validity and feasibility for use in abattoirs were evaluated as potential measures of cattle welfare during transportation to the abattoir and at the abattoir itself. Several highly valid indicators were identified that are useful to assess welfare at abattoirs, including body condition score, human-animal interactions, vocalizations, falling, carcass bruising, and meat pH. In addition, some intermediate valid indicators are useful and should be investigated further. Information along the food chain could be used systematically to provide a basis for a more-risk-based meat inspection. An integrated system based on the use of key indicators defined for each inspection step with the setting of alarm thresholds could be implemented.

Portable Multispectral Colorimeter for Metallic Ion Detection and Classification.

This work deals with a portable device system applied to detect and classify different metallic ions as proposed and developed, aiming its application for hydrological monitoring systems such as rivers, lakes and groundwater. Considering the system features, a portable colorimetric system was developed by using a multispectral optoelectronic sensor. All the technology of quantification and classification of metallic ions using optoelectronic multispectral sensors was fully integrated in the embedded hardware FPGA ( Field Programmable Gate Array) technology and software based on virtual instrumentation (NI LabView®). The system draws on an indicative colorimeter by using the chromogen reagent of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The results obtained with the signal processing and pattern analysis using the method of the linear discriminant analysis, allows excellent results during detection and classification of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Ni(II) ions, with almost the same level of performance as for those obtained from the Ultravioled and visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometers of high spectral resolution.

Scaling-up health information systems to improve HIV treatment: An assessment of initial patient monitoring systems in Mozambique

Introduction­The rapid scale-up of HIV care and treatment in resource-limited countries requires concurrent, rapid development of health information systems to support quality service delivery. Mozambique, a country with an 11.5% prevalence of HIV, has developed nation-wide patient monitoring systems (PMS) with standardized reporting tools, utilized by all HIV treatment providers in paper or electronic form. Evaluation of the initial implementation of PMS can inform and strengthen future development as the country moves towards a harmonized, sustainable health information system. Objective­This assessment was conducted in order to 1) characterize data collection and reporting processes and PMS resources available and 2) provide evidence-based recommendations for harmonization and sustainability of PMS. Methods­This baseline assessment of PMS was conducted with eight non-governmental organizations that supported the Ministry of Health to provide 90% of HIV care and treatment in Mozambique. The study team conducted structured and semi-structured surveys at 18 health facilities located in all 11 provinces. Seventy-nine staff were interviewed. Deductive a priori analytic categories guided analysis. Results­Health facilities have implemented paper and electronic monitoring systems with varying success. Where in use, robust electronic PMS facilitate facility-level reporting of required indicators; improve ability to identify patients lost to follow-up; and support facility and patient management. Challenges to implementation of monitoring systems include a lack of national guidelines and norms for patient level HIS, variable system implementation and functionality, and limited human and infrastructure resources to maximize system functionality and information use. Conclusions­This initial assessment supports the need for national guidelines to harmonize, expand, and strengthen HIV-related health information systems. Recommendations may benefit other countries with similar epidemiologic and resource-constrained environments seeking to improve PMS implementation.

Evaluación de la vigilancia microbiológica del cólera / Evaluation of cholera microbiological surveillance

Introducción: el cólera constituye una enfermedad infecciosa, por lo que desde hace más de 40 años ha sido objeto de vigilancia en Cuba. La razón de ser de la vigilancia es la obtención de información, su procesamiento, análisis y elaboración de recomendaciones para la acción oportuna. Objetivo: evaluar la vigilancia microbiológica del cólera en el Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología de La Habana. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de evaluación táctica en el período del I de octubre al I8 de noviembre del año 20I2. El universo lo constituyeron la Vicedirección de Higiene y Epidemiología y la Vicedirección de Microbiología con sus 22 laboratorios. Se seleccionó una muestra no aleatoria, por conveniencia, que quedó integrada por el jefe de departamento de la unidad de análisis y tendencias de salud, el jefe del programa de control de enfermedades de transmisión digestiva, el vicedirector de microbiología y el personal que se encontraba presente en los laboratorios de agua y de enterobacterias. Se aplicó la metodología de la evaluación rápida propuesta por la Dra. Fariñas, visitándose en un período de 2 días, el laboratorio provincial de microbiología. Resultados: se identificaron brechas existente entre lo que estaba orientado para realizar ante todo paciente sospechosos o confirmado de cólera por parte del laboratorio de microbiología y lo que en realidad se estaba realizando. Conclusiones: las acciones de vigilancia microbiológica del cólera en el Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología fueron evaluadas de medianamente útil. Estructura medianamente suficiente. Proceso aceptable e impacto satisfactorio...

Background: cholera is an infectious disease, so for more than 40 years it has been under surveillance in Cuba. The reason for monitoring cholera in Cuba is to obtain information, processing, analysis, and development of recommendations for appropriate action. Objective: to evaluate cholera microbiological surveillance in Havana Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study of tactical assessment was conducted from October to 1st November I8th, 20I2. The universe was formed by vice-direction of Hygiene and Epidemiology and vice-direction of Microbiology with its 22 laboratories. A non-random sample of convenience was chosen. it was composed of the head of the department of the unit for analysis and health trends, the program chief for controlling digestive transmission disease, the deputy director of microbiology and the staff who was present in water laboratories and Enterobacteriaceae. A rapid assessment methodology proposed by Dr. Farinas was applied, visiting the provincial microbiology laboratory over a period of 2 days. Results: existing gaps were identified between what was primarily instructed for a suspected or confirmed case of cholera by the microbiology laboratory and what actually was taking place. Conclusions: cholera microbiological surveillance actions were evaluated fairly useful in Havana Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, as reasonably sufficient structure, good enough process, and satisfactory impact...

Evaluación de la vigilancia del cólera en el policlínico Héroes del Moncada / Evaluation of cholera surveillance at Heroes of Moncada polyclinic

Introducción: la evaluación está concebida como la actividad que permite emitir un juicio de valor. El cólera constituye una enfermedad infecciosa conocida desde tiempos inmemoriales, por lo que desde hace más de 40 años ha sido objeto de vigilancia en Cuba. Múltiples y complejas variables han sido las responsables de la entrada del Vibrio cholerae en el país, condicionando la aparición en el territorio nacional de diversos brotes. Objetivo: evaluar la vigilancia del cólera en el policlínico Héroes del Moncada del municipio Plaza de la Revolución, en el período de octubre-noviembre de 2012. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de evaluación táctica. El universo estuvo conformado por: 26 médicos de consultorios de médico de familia, un vicedirector de Higiene y Epidemiología, 3 técnicas de laboratorios, dos de estadísticas y 3 técnicos de Higiene del área. Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia que representó el 20 por ciento del universo. Se aplicó la metodología de la evaluación rápida propuesta por la Dra. Teresa Fariñas, visitándose en un período de 2 días un total de 5 consultorios del policlínico. Además se recogió información retrospectiva del mes de octubre y primera quincena de noviembre. Resultados: se identificaron brechas entre lo que estaba orientado vigilar por los médicos y enfermeras de la familia ante todo caso que solicitara atención médica por padecer de una enfermedad diarreica aguda y lo que en realidad se estaba realizando. Conclusiones: la valoración de la vigilancia del cólera en nuestro estudio fue evaluada de medianamente satisfactoria, al calificarse como no útil, con una calidad medianamente aceptable y unos resultados satisfactorios...

evaluation is conceived as the activity that allows a judgment of value. Cholera is an infectious disease known since ancient times, so for more than 40 years it has been under surveillance in Cuba. Multiple and complex variables have been responsible for the entry of Vibrio cholerae in Cuba, conditioning the emergence of several outbreaks on the national territory. Objective: to assess cholera surveillance at Heroes of Moncada polyclinic in Plaza Township, Havana from October to November 2012. Method: a tactical, descriptive, cross-sectional study assessment was performed. The universe consisted of 26 medical practices, a principal assistant of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 3 laboratory technicians, 2 of statistics technicians, and 3 hygiene technicians from this area. A convenience sample was selected representing 20 percent of the universe. The rapid assessment methodology proposed by Dr. Teresa Fariñas was applied, visiting 5 medical practices of this area over a total period of two days. Further background information from October and first half of November was collected. Results: gaps were identified between what was primarily instructed to control by family physicians and nurses in case of health care due to acute diarrheal disease and what actually was taking place. Conclusions: the evaluation of cholera surveillance in our study was assessed fairly satisfactory, by being scored as unuseful, with a fairly acceptable quality and satisfactory results...