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1.
Alzheimers Res Ther ; 16(1): 153, 2024 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38970077

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where pathophysiological changes begin decades before the onset of clinical symptoms. Analysis of brain atrophy patterns using structural MRI and multivariate data analysis are an effective tool in identifying patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at higher risk of progression to AD dementia. Atrophy patterns obtained from models trained to classify advanced AD versus normal subjects, may not be optimal for subjects at an early stage, like SCD. In this study, we compared the accuracy of the SCD progression prediction using the 'severity index' generated using a standard classification model trained on patients with AD dementia versus a new model trained on ß-amyloid (Aß) positive patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS: We used structural MRI data of 504 patients from the Swedish BioFINDER-1 study cohort (cognitively normal (CN), Aß-negative = 220; SCD, Aß positive and negative = 139; aMCI, Aß-positive = 106; AD dementia = 39). We applied multivariate data analysis to create two predictive models trained to discriminate CN individuals from either individuals with Aß positive aMCI or AD dementia. Models were applied to individuals with SCD to classify their atrophy patterns as either high-risk "disease-like" or low-risk "CN-like". Clinical trajectory and model accuracy were evaluated using 8 years of longitudinal data. RESULTS: In predicting progression from SCD to MCI or dementia, the standard, dementia-based model, reached 100% specificity but only 10.6% sensitivity, while the new, aMCI-based model, reached 72.3% sensitivity and 60.9% specificity. The aMCI-based model was superior in predicting progression from SCD to MCI or dementia, reaching a higher receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC = 0.72; P = 0.037) in comparison with the dementia-based model (AUC = 0.57). CONCLUSION: When predicting conversion from SCD to MCI or dementia using structural MRI data, prediction models based on individuals with milder levels of atrophy (i.e. aMCI) may offer superior clinical value compared to standard dementia-based models.


Assuntos
Atrofia , Encéfalo , Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência , Progressão da Doença , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atrofia/patologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Idoso , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Demência/diagnóstico por imagem , Demência/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia
2.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 295, 2024 Jul 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38971753

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fatty liver in dairy cows is a common metabolic disease defined by triglyceride (TG) buildup in the hepatocyte. Clinical diagnosis of fatty liver is usually done by liver biopsy, causing considerable economic losses in the dairy industry owing to the lack of more effective diagnostic methods. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential utility of blood biomarkers for the diagnosis and early warning of fatty liver in dairy cows. RESULTS: A total of twenty-four lactating cows within 28 days after parturition were randomly selected as experimental animals and divided into healthy cows (liver biopsy tested, n = 12) and cows with fatty liver (liver biopsy tested, n = 12). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the macroelements and microelements in the serum of two groups of cows. Compared to healthy cows (C), concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) were lower and copper (Cu) was higher in fatty liver cows (F). Meanwhile, the observed differences in macroelements and microelements were related to delivery time, with the greatest major disparity between C and F occurring 7 days after delivery. Multivariable analysis was used to test the correlation between nine serum macroelements, microelements and fatty liver. Based on variable importance projection and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, minerals Ca, Se, K, B and Mo were screened as the best diagnostic indicators of fatty liver in postpartum cows. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that serum levels of Ca, K, Mg, Se, B, Mo, Mn, and Sr were lower in F than in C. The most suitable period for an early-warning identification of fatty liver in cows was 7 days after delivery, and Ca, Se, K, B and Mo were the best diagnostic indicators of fatty liver in postpartum cows.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Fígado Gorduroso , Período Periparto , Animais , Bovinos/sangue , Feminino , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Fígado Gorduroso/veterinária , Fígado Gorduroso/sangue , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico , Período Periparto/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Manganês/sangue , Oligoelementos/sangue , Molibdênio/sangue , Fígado/química , Potássio/sangue , Boro/sangue , Selênio/sangue , Cálcio/sangue , Magnésio/sangue , Gravidez
3.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15657, 2024 Jul 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38977726

RESUMO

Understanding the distribution of the plant species of an unexplored area is the utmost need of the present-day. In order to collect vegetation data, Quadrat method was used having size of 1 m2. The composite soil samples from each site were tested for various edaphic properties. PC-ORD v.5 was used for the classification of the vegetation while CANOCO v.5.1 was used for ordination of the data and to find out the complex relationship between plants and environment. Survey was conducted during summer season and a total of 216 herbaceous species were recorded from forty different sites of District Kohat, Pakistan. Cluster Analysis (CA) and Two-Way Cluster Analysis (TWCA) classified the vegetation of forty sites into six major plant groups i.e., 1. Paspalum paspalodes, Alternanthera sessilis, Typha domingensis, 2. Cynodon dactylon, Parthenium hysterophorus, Brachiaria ramosa, 3. Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis minor, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, 4. Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Aristida adscensionis, Boerhavia procumbens, 5. Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Aristida adscensionis, Pennisetum orientale and 6. Heteropogon contortus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Chrysopogon serrulatus. They were named after the dominant species based on their Importance Value (IV). The detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) analysis further confirmed the vegetation classification. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the species distribution in the area was strongly affected by various environmental factors including status, soil characteristics, topography and altitude.


Assuntos
Plantas , Estações do Ano , Paquistão , Plantas/classificação , Análise Multivariada , Solo/química , Análise por Conglomerados , Ecossistema , Biodiversidade , Clima Tropical
4.
Abdom Radiol (NY) ; 2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954000

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of bowel wall enhancement for diagnosing concomitant bowel ischemia in patients with parietal pneumatosis (PI) diagnosed at abdominal CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, 226 consecutive patients who presented with PI on abdominal CT from any bowel segment were included. Variables at the time of the CT were retrospectively extracted from medical charts. CT examinations were blindly analyzed by two independent radiologists. The third reader classified all disagreement of bowel enhancement in three categories: (1) normal bowel enhancement; (2) doubtful bowel wall enhancement; (3) absent bowel wall enhancement. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Concomitant bowel ischemia was defined as requirement of bowel resection specifically due to ischemic lesion in operated patients and death from bowel ischemia in non-operated patients. RESULTS: Overall, 78/226 (35%) patients had PI associated with concomitant bowel ischemia. At multivariate analysis, Only absence or doubtful bowel wall enhancement was associated with concomitant bowel ischemia (OR = 167.73 95%CI [23.39-4349.81], P < 0,001) and acute mesenteric ischemia associated with PP (OR = 67.94; 95%CI [5.18-3262.36], P < 0.009). Among the 82 patients who underwent a laparotomy for suspected bowel ischemia, rate of non-therapeutic laparotomy increased from 15/59 (25%), 2/6 (50%) and 16/17 (94%) when bowel wall enhancement was absent, doubtful and normal respectively. CONCLUSION: Absence of enhancement of the bowel wall is the primary feature associated with concomitant bowel ischemia. It should be carefully assessed when PI is detected to avoid non-therapeutic laparotomy.

5.
Heliyon ; 10(11): e32331, 2024 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38947484

RESUMO

The correlation between sports participation and psychological well-being is well-documented, revealing a complex interplay influenced by competition level and cultural context. This is particularly relevant in Korea, where the university sports culture significantly impacts student life. This study evaluates how competitive versus non-competitive sports affect Korean university students' psychological well-being using a quantitative approach with SmartPLS 4 for multi-group analysis. Findings reveal that competitive sports significantly enhance mental toughness and stress management through structured coping mechanisms and robust social support, improving coping strategy effectiveness by 34 % compared to non-competitive sports. Conversely, participants in non-competitive sports experience greater general well-being with a 40 % higher use of informal support. These insights suggest that university sports programs could benefit from targeted interventions incorporating specific coping strategies and social support frameworks tailored to the competitive context. This research underscores the need for precise stress management techniques and resilience-building exercises in sports curricula to optimize psychological well-being across different sports environments in Korean universities.

6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38951397

RESUMO

Understanding seasonal variations in water quality is crucial for effective management of freshwater rivers amidst changing environmental conditions. This study employed water quality index (WQI), metal index (MI), and pollution indices (PI) to comprehensively assess water quality and pollution levels in Nyabarongo River of Rwanda. A dynamic driver-pressure-state-impact-response model was used to identify factors influencing quality management. Over 4 years (2018-2021), 69 samples were collected on a monthly basis from each of the six monitoring stations across the Nyabarongo River throughout the four different seasons. Maximum WQI values were observed during dry long (52.90), dry short (21.478), long rain (93.66), and short rain (37.4) seasons, classified according to CCME 2001 guidelines. Ion concentrations exceeded WHO standards, with dominant ions being HCO 3 - and Mg 2 + . Variations in water quality were influenced by factors such as calcium bicarbonate dominance in dry seasons and sodium sulfate dominance in rainy seasons. Evaporation and precipitation processes primarily influenced ionic composition. Metal indices (MI) exhibited wide ranges: long dry (0.2-433.0), short dry (0.1-174.3), long rain (0.1-223.7), and short rain (0.3-252.5). The hazard index values for Cu2+, Mn4+, Zn2+, and Cr3+ were below 1, ranging from 8.89E - 08 to 7.68E - 07 for adults and 2.30E - 07 to 5.02E - 06 for children through oral ingestion, and from 6.68E - 10 to 5.07E - 07 for adults and 6.61E - 09 to 2.54E - 06 for children through dermal contact. With a total carcinogenic risk of less than 1 for both ingestion and dermal contact, indicating no significant health risks yet send strong signals to Governmental management of the Nyabarongo River. Overall water quality was classified as marginal in long dry, poor in short dry, good in long rain, and poor again in short rain seasons.

7.
Perioper Med (Lond) ; 13(1): 66, 2024 Jul 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38956723

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of perioperative patient deterioration by developing predictive models that evaluate unanticipated ICU admissions and in-hospital mortality both as distinct and combined outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With less than 1% of cases resulting in at least one of these outcomes, we investigated 98 features to identify their role in predicting patient deterioration, using univariate analyses. Additionally, multivariate analyses were performed by employing logistic regression (LR) with LASSO regularization. We also assessed classification models, including non-linear classifiers like Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and XGBoost. RESULTS: During evaluation, careful attention was paid to the data imbalance therefore multiple evaluation metrics were used, which are less sensitive to imbalance. These metrics included the area under the receiver operating characteristics, precision-recall and kappa curves, and the precision, sensitivity, kappa, and F1-score. Combining unanticipated ICU admissions and mortality into a single outcome improved predictive performance overall. However, this led to reduced accuracy in predicting individual forms of deterioration, with LR showing the best performance for the combined prediction. DISCUSSION: The study underscores the significance of specific perioperative features in predicting patient deterioration, especially revealed by univariate analysis. Importantly, interpretable models like logistic regression outperformed complex classifiers, suggesting their practicality. Especially, when combined in an ensemble model for predicting multiple forms of deterioration. These findings were mostly limited by the large imbalance in data as post-operative deterioration is a rare occurrence. Future research should therefore focus on capturing more deterioration events and possibly extending validation to multi-center studies. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the potential for accurate prediction of perioperative patient deterioration, highlighting the importance of several perioperative features and the practicality of interpretable models like logistic regression, and ensemble models for the prediction of several outcome types. In future clinical practice these data-driven prediction models might form the basis for post-operative risk stratification by providing an evidence-based assessment of risk.

8.
Int Microbiol ; 2024 Jul 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38977514

RESUMO

This study explored the extracellular metabolomic responses of three different Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains-ATCC 13311 (STy1), NCCP 16964 (STy4), and NCCP 16958 (STy8)-cultured at refrigeration temperatures. The objective was to identify the survival mechanisms of S. Typhimurium under cold stress by analyzing variations in their metabolomic profiles. Qualitative and quantitative assessments identified significant metabolite alterations on day 6, marking a critical inflection point. Key metabolites such as trehalose, proline, glycerol, and tryptophan were notably upregulated in response to cold stress. Through multivariate analyses, the strains were distinguished using three metabolites-4-aminobutyrate, ethanol, and uridine-as potential biomarkers, underscoring distinct metabolic responses to refrigeration. Specifically, STy1 exhibited unique adaptive capabilities through enhanced metabolism of betaine and 4-aminobutyrate. These findings highlight the variability in adaptive strategies among S. Typhimurium strains, suggesting that certain strains may possess more robust metabolic pathways for enhancing survival in refrigerated conditions.

9.
Am J Transl Res ; 16(5): 1769-1778, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38883362

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external scalding therapy on spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache. METHODS: The medical records of 98 patients with spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 2019 to January 2020 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 52 patients treated with western medicine were assigned to the control group, while the other 46 patients treated additionally with TCM external scalding therapy were assigned to the observation group. The two groups were compared in terms of serum gastrin (GAS), inflammatory factors and visual analogue scale (VAS) score, adverse reaction rate and symptom remission time. RESULTS: After treatment, the observation group showed a significantly lower GAS level than the control group (P<0.05), along with significantly lower serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) than the control group (all P<0.05). The observation group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group experienced notably shorter remission time of dull epigastric pain, epigastric distension, fatigue and belching and acid reflux than the control group (all P<0.05), and a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions was found in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that history of alcoholism and treatment method were independent risk factors affecting patient outcomes (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TCM external scalding therapy has shown effectiveness in treating spleen-stomach deficiency cold stomachache. It alleviates stomachache symptoms and also reduces the occurrence of adverse reactions and inflammation, holding great potential for widespread adoption in clinical practice.

10.
Foods ; 13(11)2024 May 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38890846

RESUMO

Glutinous rice (GR), an important food crop in Asia, provides prolonged energy for the human body due to its high amylopectin content. The non-volatile metabolites generated by different cooking methods that affect the nutritional value and color of GR are still poorly understood. Herein, a widely targeted metabolomics approach was used to understand the effects of different cooking methods (steaming, baking, and frying) on the metabolite profiles of GR. Compared with other treatments, steamed GR had a brighter color and significantly lower contents of total sugar, starch, amylopectin, and amylose, at 40.74%, 14.13%, 9.78%, and 15.18%, respectively. Additionally, 70, 108, and 115 metabolites were significantly altered in the steaming, baking, and frying groups respectively, and amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified as the representative metabolic pathways based on KEGG annotations. Further evaluation of 14 amino acids and 12 carbohydrates in steamed GR, especially 4-aminobutyric acid, suggested its high nutraceutical value. Additionally, multivariate analysis indicated that total sugar content, amylose content, beta-alanine methyl ester hydrochloride, and 4-aminobutyric acid played a critical role in color formation in raw and cooked GR. Finally, the levels of major amino acids and carbohydrates were quantified by conventional methods to verify the reliability of the metabolome. Consequently, this in-depth understanding of metabolite profiling in normal cooking methods has provided a foundation for the processing of GR products.

11.
Molecules ; 29(11)2024 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38893434

RESUMO

Lonicera macranthoides, the main source of traditional Chinese medicine Lonicerae Flos, is extensively cultivated in Southwest China. However, the quality of L. macranthoides produced in this region significantly varies due to its wide distribution and various cultivation breeds. Herein, 50 Lonicerae Flos samples derived from different breeds of L. macranthoides cultivated in Southwest China were collected for quality evaluation. Six organic acids and three saponin compounds were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of a portion of samples was conducted with 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging experiments. According to the quantitative results, all samples met the quality standards outlined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The samples from Guizhou, whether derived from unopened or open wild-type breeds, exhibited high quality, while the wild-type samples showed relatively significant fluctuation in quality. The samples from Chongqing and Hunan demonstrated similar quality, whereas those from Sichuan exhibited relatively lower quality. These samples demonstrated significant abilities in clearing ABTS and DPPH radicals. The relationship between HPLC chromatograms and antioxidant activity, as elucidated by multivariate analysis, indicated that chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, and isochlorogenic acid C are active components and can serve as Q-markers for quality evaluation.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Lonicera , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Lonicera/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , China , Picratos/química , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Benzotiazóis/química , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/análise , Extratos Vegetais
12.
Molecules ; 29(11)2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38893509

RESUMO

The catalytic properties of three copper complexes, [Cu(en)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Cu(amp)2](ClO4)2, (2) and [Cu(bpy)2](ClO4)2 (3) (where en = ethylenediamine, amp = 2-aminomethylpyridine and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), were explored upon the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BnOH). Maximized conversions of the substrates to their respective products were obtained using a multivariate analysis approach, a powerful tool that allowed multiple variables to be optimized simultaneously, thus creating a more economical, fast and effective technique. Considering the studies in a fluid solution (homogeneous), all complexes strongly depended on the amount of the oxidizing agent (H2O2), followed by the catalyst load. In contrast, time seemed to be statistically less relevant for complexes 1 and 3 and not relevant for 2. All complexes showed high selectivity in their optimized conditions, and only benzaldehyde (BA) was obtained as a viable product. Quantitatively, the catalytic activity observed was 3 > 2 > 1, which is related to the π-acceptor character of the ligands employed in the study. Density functional theory (DFT) studies could corroborate this feature by correlating the geometric index for square pyramid Cu(II)-OOH species, which should be generated in the solution during the catalytic process. Complex 3 was successfully immobilized in silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2), and its oxidative activity was evaluated through heterogenous catalysis assays. Substrate conversion promoted by 3-Fe3O4@SiO2 generated only BA as a viable product, and the supported catalyst's recyclability was proven. Reduced catalytic conversions in the presence of the radical scavenger (2,2,6,6-tetrametil-piperidi-1-nil)oxil (TEMPO) indicate that radical and non-radical mechanisms are involved.

13.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(11)2024 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38894290

RESUMO

New process developments linked to Power to X (energy storage or energy conversion to another form of energy) require tools to perform process monitoring. The main gases involved in these types of processes are H2, CO, CH4, and CO2. Because of the non-selectivity of the sensors, a multi-sensor matrix has been built in this work based on commercial sensors having very different transduction principles, and, therefore, providing richer information. To treat the data provided by the sensor array and extract gas mixture composition (nature and concentration), linear (Multi Linear Regression-Ordinary Least Square "MLR-OLS" and Multi Linear Regression-Partial Least Square "MLR-PLS") and non-linear (Artificial Neural Network "ANN") models have been built. The MLR-OLS model was disqualified during the training phase since it did not show good results even in the training phase, which could not lead to effective predictions during the validation phase. Then, the performances of MLR-PLS and ANN were evaluated with validation data. Good concentration predictions were obtained in both cases for all the involved analytes. However, in the case of methane, better prediction performances were obtained with ANN, which is consistent with the fact that the MOX sensor's response to CH4 is logarithmic, whereas only linear sensor responses were obtained for the other analytes. Finally, prediction tests performed on one-year aged sensor platforms revealed that PLS model predictions on aged platforms mainly suffered from concentration offsets and that ANN predictions mainly suffered from a drop of sensitivity.

14.
Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod ; 17(1): 84, 2024 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38902807

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The holistic characterization of different microbiomes in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems can contribute to a better understanding of these systems and provide starting points for bioengineering. The present study investigates the microbiome of 80 European full-scale AD systems. Operational, chemical and taxonomic data were thoroughly collected, analysed and correlated to identify the main drivers of AD processes. RESULTS: The present study describes chemical and operational parameters for a broad spectrum of different AD systems. With this data, Spearman correlation and differential abundance analyses were applied to narrow down the role of the individual microorganisms detected. The authors succeeded in further limiting the number of microorganisms in the core microbiome for a broad range of AD systems. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, MBA03, Proteiniphilum, a member of the family Dethiobacteraceae, the genus Caldicoprobacter and the methanogen Methanosarcina were the most prevalent and abundant organisms identified in all digesters analysed. High ratios for Methanoculleus are often described for agricultural co-digesters. Therefore, it is remarkable that Methanosarcina was surprisingly high in several digesters reaching ratios up to 47.2%. The various statistical analyses revealed that the microorganisms grouped according to different patterns. A purely taxonomic correlation enabled a distinction between an acetoclastic cluster and a hydrogenotrophic one. However, in the multivariate analysis with chemical parameters, the main clusters corresponded to hydrolytic and acidogenic microorganisms, with SAOB bacteria being particularly important in the second group. Including operational parameters resulted in digester-type specific grouping of microbes. Those with separate acidification stood out among the many reactor types due to their unexpected behaviour. Despite maximizing the organic loading rate in the hydrolytic pretreatments, these stages turned into extremely robust methane production units. CONCLUSIONS: From 80 different AD systems, one of the most holistic data sets is provided. A very distinct formation of microbial clusters was discovered, depending on whether taxonomic, chemical or operational parameters were combined. The microorganisms in the individual clusters were strongly dependent on the respective reference parameters.

15.
Eur J Pharm Sci ; 200: 106833, 2024 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38878908

RESUMO

Computational approaches are increasingly explored in development of drug products, including the development of lipid-based formulations (LBFs), to assess their feasibility for achieving adequate oral absorption at an early stage. This study investigated the use of computational pharmaceutics approaches to predict solubility changes of poorly soluble drugs during dispersion and digestion in biorelevant media. Concentrations of 30 poorly water-soluble drugs were determined pre- and post-digestion with in-line UV probes using the MicroDISS Profiler™. Generally, cationic drugs displayed higher drug concentrations post-digestion, whereas for non-ionized drugs there was no discernible trend between drug concentration in dispersed and digested phase. In the case of anionic drugs there tended to be a decrease or no change in the drug concentration post-digestion. Partial least squares modelling was used to identify the molecular descriptors and drug properties which predict changes in solubility ratio in long-chain LBF pre-digestion (R2 of calibration = 0.80, Q2 of validation = 0.64) and post-digestion (R2 of calibration = 0.76, Q2 of validation = 0.72). Furthermore, multiple linear regression equations were developed to facilitate prediction of the solubility ratio pre- and post-digestion. Applying three molecular descriptors (melting point, LogD, and number of aromatic rings) these equations showed good predictivity (pre-digestion R2 = 0.70, and post-digestion R2 = 0.68). The model developed will support a computationally guided LBF strategy for emerging poorly water-soluble drugs by predicting biorelevant solubility changes during dispersion and digestion. This facilitates a more data-informed developability decision making and subsequently facilitates a more efficient use of formulation screening resources.

16.
Food Chem X ; 22: 101486, 2024 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38840720

RESUMO

The study investigated the behavior of seventeen amino acids during spontaneous (SF) and starter culture (SC) fermentation of Criollo cocoa beans from Copallín, Guadalupe and Tolopampa, Amazonas-Peru. For this purpose, liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was used to quantify amino acids. Multivariate analysis was used to differentiate the phases of the fermentation process. The percentage of essential amino acids during SC fermentation (63.4%) was higher than SF (61.8%); it was observed that the starter culture accelerated their presence and increased their concentration during the fermentation process. The multivariate analysis identified a first stage (day 0 to day 2), characterized by a low content of amino acids that increased due to protein hydrolysis. The study showed that adding the starter culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the fermentation mass increased the concentration of essential amino acids (63.0%) compared to the spontaneous process (61.8%). Moreover, this addition reduced the fermentation time (3-4 days less), demonstrating that the fermentation process with a starter culture allows obtaining a better profile of amino acids precursors of flavor and aroma.

17.
Anticancer Res ; 44(7): 3087-3095, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38925810

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy has been extensively explored for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through the pivotal phase III trials CheckMate 227 and CheckMate 9LA. However, the relationship between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based therapy in a real-world clinical setting remains uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 28 patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who underwent treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab, with or without platinum-doublet chemotherapy, from February 2021 to January 2023. The primary objective was to elucidate the clinical association between irAEs and treatment efficacy associated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based therapy. RESULTS: Among the 28 patients, 22 (78.6%) experienced irAEs. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer for patients with irAEs than for those without (p=0.0158), as was overall survival (OS) (p=0.000394). The severity of irAEs had no significant influence on PFS or OS. The objective response rate tended to be higher in patients with irAEs than in those without (50.0% versus 0.0%, respectively; p=0.0549). Multivariate analysis indicated that irAE occurrence was an independent factor for improved PFS (hazard ratio=0.2084, p=0.01383) and OS (hazard ratio=0.0857, p=0.001588). Interstitial lung disease was inferior to other irAE profiles for both PFS and OS. CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced NSCLC experiencing irAEs demonstrated superior clinical outcomes when treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab-based therapy compared with those without irAEs. However, immune-related interstitial lung disease may be less linked with PFS and OS than other irAE profiles.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Ipilimumab , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Nivolumabe , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/imunologia , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Ipilimumab/uso terapêutico , Ipilimumab/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Resultado do Tratamento , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Adulto
18.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 320: 124653, 2024 Nov 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38901232

RESUMO

The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes has rapidly increased. Taking into account, that elevated intracellular lipid concentrations, as well as their metabolism, are correlated with diminished insulin sensitivity, in this study we would like to show lipids spectroscopy markers of diabetes. For this purpose, serum collected from rats (animal model of diabetes) was analyzed using Fourier Transformed Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Analyzed spectra showed that rats with diabetes presented higher concentration of phospholipids and cholesterol in comparison with non-diabetic rats. Moreover, the analysis of second (IInd) derivative spectra showed no structural changes in lipids. Machine learning methods showed higher accuracy for IInd derivative spectra (from 65 % to 89 %) than for absorbance FTIR spectra (53-65 %). Moreover, it was possible to identify significant wavelength intervals from IInd derivative spectra using random forest-based feature selection algorithm, which further increased the accuracy of the classification (up to 92 % for phospholipid region). Moreover decision tree based on the selected features showed, that peaks at 1016 cm-1 and 2936 cm-1 can be good candidates of lipids marker of diabetes.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Aprendizado de Máquina , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Masculino , Lipídeos/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue
19.
Transl Androl Urol ; 13(5): 667-678, 2024 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38855606

RESUMO

Background: Urosepsis is a serious complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model that can effectively predict urosepsis following PCNL. Methods: A total of 839 patients who underwent PCNL at General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from January 2018 to January 2023 and a total of 609 patients who underwent PCNL at Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The center with 839 patients was used to develop the model, and another center with 609 patients was used as an external validation group. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the optimal variables. The validation of the nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Urosepsis was observed in 47 (5.6%) and 33 (5.4%) patients in the two centers. Four variables were selected to establish the nomogram through multivariate analysis, including operative time [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR): 1.035, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.051], accumulated time of renal pelvic pressure ≥30 mmHg (0 vs. 0-60 s, P=0.011, OR: 3.180, 95% CI: 1.300-7.780; 0-60 vs. ≥60 s, P<0.001, OR: 6.389, 95% CI: 2.603-15.685), bladder urine culture (P<0.001, OR: 6.045, 95% CI: 2.454-14.891) and hydronephrosis (none or light vs. moderate, P=0.003, OR: 3.403, 95% CI: 1.509-7.674; moderate vs. several, P=0.002, OR: 4.704, 95% CI: 1.786-12.391). The calibration results showed that the model was well calibrated and ROC curve demonstrated excellent discrimination of the nomogram. In addition, the DCA showed that the nomogram had a positive net benefit. Conclusions: A prediction nomogram was developed and validated to assist clinicians in assessing the probability of urosepsis after PCNL.

20.
J Gynecol Oncol ; 2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38857908

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether the number of resected pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) affects the prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC) patients at post-operative risk of recurrence. METHODS: JGOG2043 was a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of three chemotherapeutic regimens as adjuvant therapy in EC patients with post-operative recurrent risk. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 250 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy alone in JGOG2043. The number of resected and positive nodes and other clinicopathologic risk factors for survival were retrieved. RESULTS: There were 83 patients in the group with less than 20 PLNs removed (group A), while 167 patients had 20 or more PLNs removed (group B). There was no significant difference in patients' backgrounds between the two groups, and the rate of lymph node metastasis was not significantly different. There was a trend toward fewer pelvic recurrences in group B compared with group A (3.5% vs. 9.6%; p=0.050). Although Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant difference in survival rates between the two groups (5-year overall survival [OS]=90.3% vs. 84.3%; p=0.199), multivariate analysis revealed that resection of 20 or more nodes is one of the independent prognostic factors (hazard ratio=0.49; 95% confidence interval=0.24-0.99; p=0.048), as well as surgical stage, high-risk histology, and advanced age for OS. CONCLUSION: Resection of 20 or more PLNs was associated with improved pelvic control and better survival outcomes in EC patients at risk of recurrence who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy alone and were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

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