Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 53
Filtrar
1.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 99(6): 260-264, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38521348

RESUMO

Optic neuritis is a rare manifestation of syphilis, and the involvement of the central nervous system should be considered synonymous with neurosyphilis. This infectious disease, well known as the great imitator, can affect any structure and produce multiple clinical symptoms. Here, we report a case of a 62- year-old male patient who presented to our service with decreased vision and myodesopsias in right eye. The posterior segment showed a hyperemic nerve with peripapillary hemorrhages and retinal pigment epithellium hyperplasia. The patient was recently diagnosed with HIV. Serology for syphilis was positive with posterior decreased levels of nontreponemal test following treatment with ceftriaxone. Optic neuritis can occur at any stage of syphilis and must always be considered a differential diagnosis.


Assuntos
Neurite Óptica , Sífilis , Humanos , Masculino , Neurite Óptica/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sífilis/complicações , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Neurossífilis/complicações , Neurossífilis/diagnóstico , Neurossífilis/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 39(4)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533510

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad asociada a anticuerpos contra la glicoproteína de mielina del oligodendrocito (MOGAD, por sus siglas en inglés) es una entidad clínica recientemente identificada. La frecuencia de presentación del MOGAD es desconocida, pero se considera baja con respecto a otras enfermedades inflamatorias desmielinizantes. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura. Resultados: Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta condición son heterogéneas e incluyen neuritis óptica, mielitis, desmielinización multifocal del sistema nervioso central y encefalitis cortical. Se han descrito algunos hallazgos radiológicos que aumentan la sospecha diagnóstica, como el realce perineural del nervio óptico, el signo de la H en el cordón espinal y la resolución de lesiones T2 con el tiempo. El diagnóstico se basa en la detección de inmunoglobulinas G específicas contra MOG, en el contexto clínico adecuado. El tratamiento consiste en manejo de los ataques agudos con dosis altas de corticoides y en algunos casos se deberá considerar la inmunosupresión crónica, considerar la inmunosupresión crónica en pacientes con recurrencia o con discapacidad severa residual tras el primer evento. Conclusiones: En esta revisión narrativa se resumen los aspectos clave con respecto a la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la MOGAD.


Introduction: The disease associated with antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOGAD) is a recently identified clinical entity, with unknown frequency, but is considered low compared to other demyelinating inflammatory diseases. Materials And Methods: Narrative review. Results: The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, ranging from optic neuritis or myelitis to multi-focal CNS demyelination or cortical encephalitis. There have been described characteristic MRI features that increase the diagnostic suspicion, such as perineural optic nerve enhancement, spinal cord H-sign or T2-lesion resolution over time. The diagnosis is based on the detection of specific G- immunoglobulins against MOG, in the suggestive clinical context. Acute treatment is based on high dose steroids and maintenance treatment is generally reserved for relapsing cases or patients with severe residual disability after the first attack. Conclusions: In this narrative review, fundamental aspects of pathophysiology, clinical and radiological manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of MOGAD are discussed.


Assuntos
Neurite Óptica , Glicoproteína Oligodendrócito-Mielina , Mielite , Sorologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Terapia de Imunossupressão
3.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 98(8): 473-477, ago. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223932

RESUMO

El diagnóstico de retinopatía aguda zonal oculta externa (AZOOR) se presenta como un desafío en la práctica del oftalmólogo. En esta enfermedad fueron descritos varios hallazgos atípicos, pero el edema del disco óptico es raro. Pretendemos describir un diagnóstico desafiador de AZOOR. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 19 años con pérdida de visión del ojo derecho, sin dolor, con 2 semanas de evolución. El fondo de ojo presentaba edema con hiperemia del disco óptico y la campimetría demostraba una mancha ciega aumentada. Se ha considerado como diagnóstico neuritis óptica, sin causa infecciosa, por lo que ha realizado tratamiento con corticoide. Después de 4 meses, la agudeza visual había mejorado, pero persistían las alteraciones en la campimetría con hiperautofluorescencia alrededor del disco óptico. La tomografía óptica de coherencia demostró pérdida generalizada de las capas externas de la retina y disminución de la reflectancia de la región correspondiente. Se concluye que el edema de la papila no es un hallazgo frecuente de AZOOR, por lo que representa una enfermedad de difícil diagnóstico (AU)


Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) diagnosis is challenging and frequently delayed. Atypical findings were described, nevertheless optic disc edema has not been consistently reported. In this study we pretend to describe a challenging diagnosis of AZOOR. In our case, a 19-year-old female presented painless vision loss in her right eye for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed optic disc hyperaemic edema and the visual field (VF) an enlarged blind spot. Non-infectious optic neuritis was assumed and intravenous corticotherapy administered. Four months later, VA had improved, but a VF defect persisted. Funduscopic examination showed mild peripapillary atrophy and autofluorescence zonal hyperautofluorescence around optic disc. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated diffuse loss of outer retinal layers and electroretinogram weakened signal at the corresponding region. In conclusion, unilateral optic disc edema, generally not associated with AZOOR typical presentation, hamper an early diagnosis and expresses this case relevance (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Retinianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Papiledema/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Erros de Diagnóstico , Doença Aguda
4.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(8): 473-477, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37247666

RESUMO

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) diagnosis is challenging and frequently delayed. Atypical findings were described, nevertheless optic disc edema has not been consistently reported. In this study we pretend to describe a challenging diagnosis of AZOOR. In our case, a 19-year-old female presented painless vision loss in her right eye for 2 weeks. Fundus examination revealed optic disc hyperaemic edema and the visual field (VF) an enlarged blind spot. Non-infectious optic neuritis was assumed and intravenous corticotherapy administered. Four months later, VA had improved, but a VF defect persisted. Funduscopic examination showed mild peripapillary atrophy and autofluorescence zonal hyperautofluorescence around optic disc. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated diffuse loss of outer retinal layers and electroretinogram weakened signal at the corresponding region. In conclusion, unilateral optic disc edema, generally not associated with AZOOR typical presentation, hamper an early diagnosis and expresses this case relevance.


Assuntos
Papiledema , Síndrome dos Pontos Brancos , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Papiledema/complicações , Escotoma/diagnóstico , Escotoma/etiologia , Síndrome dos Pontos Brancos/complicações , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Edema
5.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 66(1): 24-32, ene.-feb. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449209

RESUMO

Resumen La intoxicación por metanol puede ocurrir de forma inadvertida por la ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas adulteradas. Se trata una entidad poco frecuente, sin embargo, se ha reportado un aumento en la incidencia durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La intoxicación con metanol representa una urgencia médica, ya que puede provocar daño severo en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, además de acidosis metabólica, daño renal agudo e incluso la muerte. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente que cursó con intoxicación por metanol de manera inadvertida al consumir bebidas alcohólicas presumiblemente adulteradas. En el encéfalo se demostró necrosis hemorrágica de ambos núcleos putamen, además de cursar con neuritis óptica bilateral y polineuropatía periférica. Fue manejado con pulsos de esteroides intravenosos, con lo cual, mejoró significativamente su función visual, sensitiva y motora. En el presente caso no existieron complicaciones fatales y presentó una buena respuesta al tratamiento, sin embargo, el caso pone de relieve la necesidad de una mejor regulación en la producción y comercialización de bebidas alcohólicas en nuestro país, y, por otro lado, permite hacer a un llamado a los consumidores a tomar más precauciones en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas de dudosa calidad o procedencia.


Abstract Methanol poisoning can occur unnoticed, by the ingestion of adulterated alcoholic beverages. In general, it is a rare entity, however, an increase in incidence has been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methanol poisoning represents a medical emergency as it can cause severe damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, and even death. This article presents the case of a patient who inadvertently developed methanol intoxication after consuming presumably adulterated alcoholic beverages. In the brain, hemorrhagic necrosis of both putamen nuclei was demonstrated, in addition to presenting with bilateral optic neuritis and peripheral polyneuropathy. He was managed with intravenous steroid pulses, which significantly improved his visual, sensory, and motor function. In the present case there were no fatal complications and presented a good response to treatment, however, the case highlights the need for better regulation in the production and marketing of alcoholic beverages in our country, and on the other hand, to invite consumers to take more precautions in the consumption of alcoholic beverages of dubious quality or origin.

6.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 46(1)2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448296

RESUMO

La neuromielitis óptica (NMO) es una enfermedad desmielinizante del sistema Nervioso Central, con morbilidad, mortalidad alta, con respuesta favorable al tratamiento inmunosupresor y asociación infrecuente a enfermedades inmunológicas como Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico. Se reporta caso de un adolescente con diagnóstico de Neuromielitis óptica que presento durante su evolución Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico. Su evolución fue adecuada por la respuesta favorable a terapia inmunosupresora.


Optic neuromyelitis (NMO) is a demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System, with morbidity, high mortality, favorable response to immunosuppressive treatment and infrequent association to immunological diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. We report the case of a teenager with a diagnosis of Optic Neuromyelitis who presented Systemic Lupus Erythematosus during his evolution. Its evolution was adequate due to the favorable response to immunosuppressive therapy.

7.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 29(4)oct.-dic. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536219

RESUMO

Optic neuromyelitis (ONM), also called neuromyelitis optica spectrum (Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, NMOSD) is recognized as an inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, mediated by autoantibodies against the aquaporin-4 receptor (AQP4-IgG). It predominantly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord.1-3 It is known that patients with immune disorders are more likely to present other autoimmune diseases, but the relation between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and ONM has not been completely described.5 In this paper, we report a case of a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, presenting with a rapidly progressive neurological condition, who is treated with biological drugs.1-4


La neuromielitis óptica (NMO), también llamada espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders) se reconoce como una enfermedad inflamatoria, autoinmune, desmielinizante del sistema nervioso central, mediada por autoanticuerpos contra el receptor de acuaporina 4 (AQP4-IgG) que afecta predominantemente a los nervios ópticos y la médula espinal1-3. Es conocido que los pacientes con trastornos inmunitarios tienen más probabilidades de presentar otras enfermedades autoinmunes; sin embargo, no está completamente descrita la asociación entre artritis idiopática juvenil y NMO5. En este escrito se reporta el caso de una paciente que cursa con artritis idiopática juvenil, inició con compromiso neurológico rápidamente progresivo, y es tratada con medicamentos biológicos1-4.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Artrite , Artrite Juvenil , Proteínas , Proteínas de Transporte , Aminoácidos, Peptídeos e Proteínas
8.
Medisan ; 26(5)sept.-oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1405847

RESUMO

A partir del trienio 1989-1991 la economía cubana comenzó a debilitarse por la caída de los precios del azúcar y el petróleo, así como por el descenso de la cotización del dólar americano y la desintegración de la Unión Soviética, que trajo aparejada la carencia de divisas convertibles, combustibles, alimentos, y además imposibilitó la solicitud de créditos a instituciones financieras internacionales. Se inició, así, el llamado «período especial¼, fundamentado en un plan para enfrentar un posible bloqueo militar en tiempos de paz, y durante el cual fueron racionalizados estrictamente los alimentos y disminuyeron las industrias esenciales y el transporte. En tales circunstancias apareció una rara enfermedad que se convirtió en epidemia, la cual fue nombrada neuropatía óptica epidémica cubana; esta afectó a más de 50 000 cubanos y se convirtió en un verdadero desafío para la comunidad médica del país. Al respecto, en el presente artículo se analizan sucesos históricos relacionados con el surgimiento de dicha oftalmopatía, se defiende la teoría de su causa tóxico-nutricional debido a la situación de Cuba en aquel momento y se destaca el liderazgo del Comandante en Jefe Fidel en la conducción de las acciones multidisciplinarias que llevaron a controlar dicha epidemia, lo que resultó un logro para el Sistema Nacional de Salud y un triunfo de la Revolución cubana.


Since the triennium 1989-1991 the Cuban economy began to weaken due to the fall of sugar and petroleum prices, as well as due to the descent in the rate of the American dollar and due to the disintegration of the Soviet Union that brought the lack of convertible foreign currencies, fuels, foods, and disabled the application of credits to international financial institutions. This way, began the so call "special period", based in a plan to face a possible military blockade in times of peace, and during which foods were strictly rationalized and the essential industries and transport diminished. In such circumstances a strange disease appeared that became epidemic, which was named Cuban epidemic optic neuropathy; it affected more than 50 000 Cubans and became a true challenge for the medical community of the country. In this respect, historical events related to the emergence of this ophtalmopathy are analyzed in this work, that defends the theory of its toxic-nutritional cause due to the situation of Cuba in that moment and the leadership of Commander in Chief Fidel is outstanding in the conduction of the multidisciplinary actions that lead to control this epidemic, what became an achievement for the Health National System and a victory of the Cuban Revolution.


Assuntos
Neurite Óptica , Ambliopia , Tabagismo , Cuba , Alcoolismo
9.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 47(2): 36-41, jun. 03, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399635

RESUMO

Introducción: a partir del año 2000, los médicos han asistido a un retorno de la sífilis vinculado a prácticas sexuales no protegidas y con parejas múltiples, en especial entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres. La coinfección Treponema pallidum/virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) modifica tanto la historia natural de la sífilis, incrementando la incidencia de neurosífilis temprana, como la respuesta al tratamiento con penicilina. Métodos: un paciente varón, peruano, de 36 años, seropositivo para VIH, consulta por dis-minución de la agudeza visual en ojo derecho, pérdida de la audición, tinnitus, mareos y vértigo. Refería antecedentes de sífilis en los 2 años previos. Resultados: el examen oftalmológico efectuado al paciente mostró células en el segmento anterior del ojo derecho. El fondo de ojo reveló la existencia de inflamación del nervio óptico asociada con panuveítis. En base a los hallazgos clínicos, los valores de VDRL en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se diagnosticó neurosífilis (NS) con neuritis óptica, panuveítis y otosífilis en un paciente coinfectado por VIH. El paciente fue tratado con penicilina G sódica intravenosa, 4 millones de UI cada 4 horas, durante 2 semanas con buena respuesta clínica. Discusión: el compromiso de los pares craneales óptico y auditivo puede representar la manifestación de una NS temprana, en especial, en el contexto de un paciente VIH positivo. De acuerdo con nuestro conocimiento, este sería el segundo caso publicado de compromiso simultáneo del nervio óptico y del aparato vestíbulo-coclear en un paciente con NS.


Introduction: from the 2000s, the physicians experienced a return of syphilis, which may be related to unrestricted sexual behaviour with unprotected contact between multiple partners, especially in men who have sex with men. Concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) alters the natural history of syphilis by increasing the frequency of early neurosyphilis and the response to penicillin. Methods: a 36-year-old Peruvian man, seropositive for HIV infection, was admitted to the hospital with decreased visual acuity in his right eye, hearing loss, tinnitus, buzzing, and vertigo. He referred history of syphilis in the previous two years. Results: oph-thalmological examination was performed. Ocular anterior segment examination of the right eye showed cells. Fundoscopy revealed swelling of the right optic disc with panuveitis. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) with optic and ear neuritis, and concurrent HIV infection was made, based on the clinical manifestations and serum and cerebrospinal VDRL titers. The patient was treated with intravenous penicillin (four million units every four hours for two weeks) with an excellent clinical response. Discussion: simultaneous optic and auditive cranial nerve involvement can manifest early neurosyphilis (NS) and HIV coinfection. This is the second report to describe the simultaneous occurrence of syphilitic optic neuritis with vestibulocochlear nerve involvement.

10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(5): 510-515, May 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1383882

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a recurrent, idiopathic optic neuritis and is considered as a rare disease. Objective: To describe the clinical course during long-term follow-up of patients with a diagnosis of CRION. Methods: From a cohort of 1,735 patients with demyelinating disorders, we selected patients aged over 16 years with CRION according to current criteria. Demographic and clinical data, including initial presentation, symptoms, number of relapses, time delay in diagnosis, diagnostic methods, and treatment were obtained from clinical files. Infections, autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis, among other conditions, were ruled out in all patients. Results: We analyzed 30 patients with CRION: 24 women and six men, with mean age of 42.8±10.2 years, median disease course of 7.9 years (5.29-13.1), and median number of attacks of 2 (IQR 2-4). The initial manifestation was ocular pain in 97% and bilateral and sequential affection in 87%. Visual acuity was recovered in 50%, did not improve in 33%, and recovered incompletely in 17%. Antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Abs) were negative in 73.3%. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal in 76.7%. None of the patients evolved to another demyelinating disease over time. Initial treatment was methylprednisolone in 100%, and plasmapheresis in 20%. Currently, all patients are on maintenance treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or rituximab with a decrease in relapsing rate. Conclusions: Diagnosis of CRION is challenging and should be kept in mind. Prompt diagnosis, adequate treatment and close follow-up are essential to prevent disabling sequelae in these patients.


RESUMEN Antecedentes: Neuropatía óptica inflamatoria crónica recidivante (CRION) es una neuritis óptica idiopática recurrente, considerada una enfermedad rara. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica durante el seguimiento a largo plazo de pacientes con diagnóstico de CRION. Métodos: De una cohorte de 1.735 pacientes con trastornos desmielinizantes, seleccionamos pacientes mayores de 16 años con diagnóstico de CRION según los criterios actuales. Datos demográficos y clínicos, incluyendo presentación inicial, síntomas, recaídas, tiempo de retraso diagnóstico, métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos. Se descartaron en todos los pacientes infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes, esclerosis múltiple, entre otras condiciones. Resultados: Se analizaron 30 pacientes con diagnóstico de CRION: 24 mujeres y 6 hombres, edad media de 42,8±10,2 años, mediana del curso de la enfermedad de 7,9 años (5,2-13,1), mediana del número de recaídas 2 (IQR 2-4). La manifestación inicial fue dolor ocular en el 97% y afección bilateral y secuencial en el 87%. La agudeza visual mejoró en el 50%, sin recuperación en el 33% y con restauración incompleta en el 17%. Los anticuerpos contra acuaporina-4 (AQP4-Abs) fueron negativos en el 73,3%. La resonancia magnética cerebral fue normal en el 76,7%. Ningún paciente evolucionó hacia otra enfermedad desmielinizante en el seguimiento. El tratamiento inicial fue metilprednisolona en el 100%, y plasmaféresis en el 20%. Actualmente, todos los pacientes están en tratamiento de mantenimiento con micofenolato de mofetilo o rituximab con disminución de la tasa de recaídas. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de CRION representa un desafío y debe tenerse en cuenta. El diagnóstico oportuno, tratamiento adecuado y seguimiento estrecho son fundamentales para evitar secuelas invalidantes.

11.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(3): 93-104, Feb 1, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217571

RESUMO

La neuritis óptica (NO) tiene como principales causas la esclerosis múltiple (EM), las enfermedades dentro del espectro de la neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD) y la enfermedad asociada a anticuerpos contra la proteína de la mielina del oligodendrocito, también conocida como MOGAD. Cuando todo el cribado es negativo, podemos hablar de NO idiopática, aunque este diagnóstico deberá ser provisional. La NO se puede diagnosticar clínicamente y no se requieren de forma rutinaria pruebas paraclínicas para confirmarla. Sin embargo, pruebas como la resonancia magnética (RM), los potenciales evocados visuales (PEV) y la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) pueden dar soporte al diagnóstico si la presentación clínica es atípica. El uso de nuevas secuencias de RM, la OCT, los PEV multifocales y la determinación de neurofilamentos han posibilitado el uso de la NO como modelo de remielinización y neuroprotección, propiciando la realización de ensayos clínicos de fase II. Algunos de estos fármacos, como el opicinumab, la clemastina, la fenitoína o la simvastatina, han obtenido resultados positivos; no obstante, su efecto clínico está por definir. Se acepta que los corticoides no mejoran el pronóstico a largo plazo de la NO, aunque algunos estudios retrospectivos sugieren que existe una ventana terapéutica desde el inicio de los síntomas. La plasmaféresis también ha demostrado eficacia en pacientes con NO. En esta revisión abordaremos aspectos básicos del manejo de la NO, en el contexto fundamental de la EM, la NMOSD y la MOGAD, haciendo hincapié en las novedades etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas, pronósticas y terapéuticas.(AU)


The main causes of optic neuritis (ON) are multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease, also known as MOGAD. When all screening is negative, we can speak of idiopathic ON, although this diagnosis should be provisional. ON can be diagnosed clinically and paraclinical tests are not routinely required to confirm it. However, tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can lend support to the diagnosis if the clinical presentation is atypical. The use of new MRI sequences, OCT, multifocal VEPs and the determination of neurofilaments has allowed ON to be used as a model for remyelination and neuroprotection, leading to phase II clinical trials. Some of these drugs, such as opicinumab, clemastine, phenytoin or simvastatin, have shown positive results; however, their clinical effect remains to be defined. It is accepted that corticosteroids do not improve the long-term prognosis of ON, although some retrospective studies suggest that there is a therapeutic window from the onset of symptoms. Plasmapheresis has also been shown to be effective in patients with ON. In this review we will address basic aspects of the management of ON, in the fundamental context of MS, NMOSD and MOGAD, with emphasis on etiopathogenic, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic developments.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neurite Óptica , Esclerose Múltipla , Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Remielinização , Neuromielite Óptica , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
12.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(2): 182-186, 2022. ilus., tab.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1390627

RESUMO

Introducción: la neuritis óptica requiere un diagnóstico y manejo desafiante, se puede presentar de forma aislada o asociada con trastornos inflamatorios, siendo hasta 25% de la clínica de los síndromes desmielinizantes agudos pediátricos. La incidencia anual estimada de neuritis óptica pediátrica es 0.2 por 100.000 niños, con una preponderancia femenina y una edad media de presentación de 9 a 11 años. Presentación del caso: paciente de 12 años con cuadro agudo de diplopía, dolor ocular izquierdo sin antecedentes relevantes, en quien se encontró parálisis del VI par izquierdo y resonancia magnética cerebral (RMc) con realce en nervio óptico, iniciándose tratamiento con corticoterapia endovenosa, previo descarte de patologías infecciosas, con evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: en el espectro de la neuritis óptica es importante el conocimiento de sus diferentes etiologías, debido a que el tratamiento y pronóstico dependen de la causa.


Introduction: optic neuritis (ON) requires a challenging diagnosis and management. It can appear as an isolated condition or in association with inflammatory disorders, being 25% of the clinical manifestations of pediatric acute demyelinating syndromes. The estimated annual incidence of pediatric ON is of 0.2 per 100.000, with a female preponderance and a mean age at onset of 9 to 11 years. Case report: a 12-year-old patient presenting with acute diplopia and left ocular pain, referring no relevant past history. Left sixth nerve palsy and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing optic nerve enhancement, were evidenced. Therapy with intravenous corticosteroids was started, once an infectious etiology had been ruled out, with satisfactory progression. Conclusions: in the optic neuritis spectrum disorders, knowledge regarding other potential etiologies is key to treatment and prognosis, which depend on the cause.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Neurite Óptica , Mielite , Anticorpos , Esclerose Múltipla
13.
Cambios rev. méd ; 20(1): 33-38, 30 junio 2021. tabs.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292774

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. El trastorno del espectro de neuromielitis óptica, enfermedad inflamatoria, desmielinizante, afecta al sistema nervioso central, frecuente en poblaciones no caucásicas como la ecuatoriana. El retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento provoca discapacidad que se puede prevenir. OBJETIVO. Determinar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro de neuromielitis óptica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Población de 45 Historias Clínicas y una muestra de 41 de pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro de neuromielitis óptica atendidos en la Unidad de Neurología del Hospital de Especialida-des Carlos Andrade Marín, período enero 2005 a diciembre 2019. Se realizó análisis univarial. Se aplicó el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 25. RESULTADOS. El 76,0% (31; 41) fueron mujeres. Datos promedios: edad 48,9 años; diagnóstico definitivo demoró 4,12 años, desde el inicio de los síntomas; tiempo de diagnóstico fue 3,17 años; 3,7 brotes en total; el 87,8% (36; 41) con un fenotipo recurrente. La media de duración de la enfermedad fue de 6,8 años. En el 70,7% (29; 41), se identificaron anticuerpos anti-AQP4 en suero mediante inmunofluorescencia directa, el 51,2% requirieron para la marcha apoyo uni o bilateral. El 43,9% (18; 41) debutó con neuritis óptica; el 31,7% (13; 41) presentaron mielitis como primer síntoma y el 24,4% (10; 41) la combinación de neuritis óptica y mielitis fueron los síntomas iniciales. CONCLUSIÓN. Se determinó el perfil clínico y epi-demiológico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro de neuromielitis óptica. Existió demora en el diagnóstico definitivo de los pacientes desde el inicio de los síntomas, lo que se tradujo en un aumento de la discapacidad.


INTRODUCTION. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, an inflammatory, demyelinating disease, affects the central nervous system, common in non-Caucasian popu-lations such as Ecuadorians. The delay in its diagnosis and treatment causes disabi-lity that can be prevented. OBJECTIVE. To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cross-sectional descriptive study. Population of 45 Medical Records and a sample of 41 patients with a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disor-der seen at the Neurology Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, period from January 2005 to December 2019. Univariate analysis was performed. The statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25 was used. RESULTS. 76,0% (31; 41) were women. Average data: age 48,9 years; definitive diagnosis took 4,12 years from the onset of symptoms; time to diagnosis was 3,17 years; 3,7 outbreaks in total; 87,8% (36; 41) with a recurrent phenotype. The average disease duration was 6,8 years. In 70,7% (29; 41), anti-AQP4 antibodies were identified in serum by direct immunofluorescence, 51,2% required uni- or bilateral su-pport for walking. Optic neuritis started in 43,9% (18; 41); 31,7% (13; 41) had myelitis as the first symptom and 24,4% (10; 41) the combination of optic neuritis and myelitis were the initial symptoms. CONCLUSION. The clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder was determined. There was delay in the conclusive diagnosis of patients from the beginning of symptoms, which resulted in increased disability.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Autoimunes , Neurite Óptica , Neuromielite Óptica , Saúde da Pessoa com Deficiência , Mielite , Sistema Nervoso , Síndrome de Sjogren , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Doença de Hashimoto , Hipotireoidismo
14.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(4): 253-261, mayo 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219742

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Se presenta nuestra experiencia en neuritis óptica (ON) y se elabora un protocolo diagnóstico-terapéutico, que contempla descartar otras causas, principalmente infecciosas y se elabora una hoja informativa para padres.Material y métodoEstudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con ON en 27 años (1990-2017). Revisión de evidencia científica para elaboración del protocolo y hoja informativa.ResultadosEn nuestra sección de neuropediatría se valoraron 20.744 niños en 27 años, 14 con ON: 8 ON aisladas, una esclerosis múltiple (EM), un episodio clínicamente aislado (CIS), 3 encefalomielitis agudas diseminadas y un paciente con ON aislada que el año anterior había sufrido una encefalomielitis aguda diseminada. Edades entre 4-13 años, 50% varones. Mayores de 10 años, 8 pacientes: 7 ON aisladas y un EM. Bilaterales 9, retrobulbares 3. Resonancia magnética cerebral normal en 7, solo afectación del nervio óptico en 2 y con desmielinización del SNC en 5 casos. Recibieron corticoterapia 13/14. Un caso vacunado de meningococo-C el mes anterior. Todos evolucionaron favorablemente, salvo la EM. Se presentan el protocolo y la hoja de información.ConclusionesHabitual curso favorable. En niños a partir de 10 años, con factores de riesgo de desarrollar EM o neuromielitis óptica (presencia de hiperseñales en RM cerebral, bandas oligoclonales, anti-NMO, recurrencia de ON), se consensúa con Neurología el inicio de tratamiento inmunomodulador. Utilidad del protocolo para la toma de decisiones diagnósticas, de seguimiento y tratamiento, de una patología poco frecuente pero con posibles repercusiones importantes. Importancia de la protocolización y hojas informativas. (AU)


Introduction and objective: In this article, we present our experience on optic neuritis (ON) and provide a diagnostic/therapeutic protocol, intended to rule out other aetiologies (particularly infection), and a fact sheet for parents.Material and methodsWe conducted a descriptive, retrospective study of patients with ON over a 27-year period (1990-2017). A review of the available scientific evidence was performed in order to draft the protocol and fact sheet.ResultsOur neuropaediatrics department has assessed 20,744 patients in the last 27 years, of whom 14 were diagnosed with ON: 8 had isolated ON, 1 had multiple sclerosis (MS), 1 had clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 3 had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and 1 had isolated ON and a history of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis one year previously. Patients’ age range was 4-13 years; 50% were boys. Eight patients were aged over 10: 7 had isolated ON and 1 had MS. Nine patients had bilateral ON, and 3 had retrobulbar ON. MRI results were normal in 7 patients and showed involvement of the optic nerve only in 2 patients and optic nerve involvement + central nervous system demyelination in 5. Thirteen patients received corticosteroids. One patient had been vaccinated against meningococcus-C the previous month. Progression was favourable, except in the patient with MS. A management protocol and fact sheet are provided.ConclusionsON usually has a favourable clinical course. In children aged older than 10 years with risk factors for MS or optic neuromyelitis (hyperintensity on brain MRI, oligoclonal bands, anti-NMO antibody positivity, ON recurrence), the initiation of immunomodulatory treatment should be agreed with the neurology department. The protocol is useful for diagnostic decision-making, follow-up, and treatment of this rare disease with potentially major repercussions. The use of protocols and fact sheets is important. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada , Esclerose Múltipla , Neuromielite Óptica , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico , Neurite Óptica/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos
15.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 36(4): 253-261, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29526320

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In this article, we present our experience on optic neuritis (ON) and provide a diagnostic/therapeutic protocol, intended to rule out other aetiologies (particularly infection), and a fact sheet for parents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study of patients with ON over a 27-year period (1990-2017). A review of the available scientific evidence was performed in order to draft the protocol and fact sheet. RESULTS: Our neuropaediatrics department has assessed 20,744 patients in the last 27 years, of whom 14 were diagnosed with ON: 8 had isolated ON, 1 had multiple sclerosis (MS), 1 had clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 3 had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and 1 had isolated ON and a history of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis one year previously. Patients' age range was 4-13 years; 50% were boys. Eight patients were aged over 10: 7 had isolated ON and 1 had MS. Nine patients had bilateral ON, and 3 had retrobulbar ON. MRI results were normal in 7 patients and showed involvement of the optic nerve only in 2 patients and optic nerve involvement + central nervous system demyelination in 5. Thirteen patients received corticosteroids. One patient had been vaccinated against meningococcus-C the previous month. Progression was favourable, except in the patient with MS. A management protocol and fact sheet are provided. CONCLUSIONS: ON usually has a favourable clinical course. In children aged older than 10 years with risk factors for MS or optic neuromyelitis (hyperintensity on brain MRI, oligoclonal bands, anti-NMO antibody positivity, ON recurrence), the initiation of immunomodulatory treatment should be agreed with the neurology department. The protocol is useful for diagnostic decision-making, follow-up, and treatment of this rare disease with potentially major repercussions. The use of protocols and fact sheets is important.


Assuntos
Neurite Óptica , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla , Neuromielite Óptica , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico , Neurite Óptica/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto
16.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 53(2): 85-91, 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1451402

RESUMO

Introducción: El Síndrome de Sjogren primario (SSp) es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica y progresiva, con manifestaciones extraglandulares que comprometen el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y el sistema nervioso periférico (SNP), las cuales pueden ser fácilmente confundidas con otras patologías Objetivo: Resaltar la importancia de identifi car y evaluar adecuadamente las manifestaciones neurológicas del Síndrome de Sjögren primario ya que pueden representar el desarrollo temprano de la enfermedad en algunos casos Diseño de estudio: Reporte de caso clínico y revisión sistemática de la literatura. Resumen de caso: Se trata de una paciente joven con pérdida súbita de agudeza visual de ojo derecho, sin compromiso sistémico ni antecedentes de importancia. A la fundoscopia se evidencia papilitis, presencia de líquido subretiniano y hemorragias intrarretinianas puntiformes. Se realiza angiografía con fl uoresceína la cual muestra áreas infl amatorias vasculares que comprometen nervio óptico y tomografía de coherencia óptica macular evidenciando desprendimiento seroso retiniano, se solicita perfi l infeccioso e infl amatorio los cuales se encuentran dentro de límites normales, estudio imagenológico sin alteraciones y panel autoinmune con clara positividad de ANAS y factor reumatoideo con acuaporina 4 negativa siendo estos hallazgos compatibles con cuadro de neuritis óptica de etiología autoinmune, dado que se confi rma diagnóstico de SSp mediante biopsia de glándula salival menor Conclusión: La neuritis óptica al estar relacionada a un proceso vascular infl amatorio de origen autoinmune, se puede pasar por alto como un indicador del desarrollo de la SSp, y su diagnóstico tardío puede ocasionar complicaciones ópticas de carácter permanente. Las manifestaciones neurológicas se presentan en un porcentaje de rango amplio (8.5 ­ 85%)


Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SSP) is an autoimmune, chronic and progressive disease. It presents extraglandular manifestations that aff ect the CNS and PNS and can be easily confused as a product of other diseases Objective: To highlight the importance of identifying and evaluate appropriately neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren syndrome given that they can represent the early development of the disease Study design: Clinical case report and systematic review of the literature Case summary: Th is is a young patient with sudden loss of visual acuity in the right eye, without systemic compromise or a signifi cant history. Papillitis, the presence of subretinal fl uid and punctate intraretinal hemorrhages are evident at the fundoscopy. Fluorescein angiography was performed, which shows vascular infl ammatory areas that compromise the optic nerve and macular optical coherence tomography showing retinal serous detachment, an infectious and infl ammatory profi le were requested, which are within normal limits, an imaging study without alterations and an autoimmune panel with clear positivity of ANAS and rheumatoid factor with aquaporin 4 negative, these fi ndings being compatible with symptoms of optic neuritis of autoimmune etiology, the diagnosis of SSp is confi rmed by minor salivary gland biopsy Conclusion: Optic neuritis being related to an infl ammatory vascular process of autoimmune origin can be overlooked as an indicator of the development of SSp, and its late diagnosis can cause permanent optical complications. Neurological manifestations occur in a wide range percentage (8.5-85%)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Autoimunidade
17.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011758

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that accounts for 5% of demyelinating diseases in pediatrics. Its clinical presentation is variable and associated to the involved area of the central nervous system. Case presentation: This is the case of a 15-year-old patient who consulted several times for nonspecific neurological symptoms. During his last visit to the Clínica Universitaria Colombia in Bogotá, he presented with bilateral optic neuritis, associated with frontal and parietal headache. Immunophenotyping studies were carried out, reporting positive IgG anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies (anti-AQP4 antibody), thus leading to a diagnosis of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Management with methylprednisolone pulses was initiated with subsequent outpatient management with rituximab that allowed stabilizing the disease. Discussion: This is an interesting case due to its insidious and uncertain onset in a pediatric patient. It was possible to evaluate clinical and diagnostic differences in relation to its presentation in adults. NMOSD mediated by anti-AQP4 is rare; brain and bone marrow MRI are essential for diagnosis. The treatment of choice for acute conditions consists of high doses of methylprednisolone. Conclusion: This disorder may result in irreversible neurological damage; for this reason, high suspicion is required for early diagnosis and timely treatment.


RESUMEN Introducción. La neuromielitis óptica es un trastorno inflamatorio del sistema nervioso central que representa el 5% de las enfermedades desmielinizantes en pediatría. Su presentación clínica es variable y está ligada al área del sistema nervioso central comprometida. Presentación de caso. Paciente masculino de 15 años quien consulta en varias oportunidades por síntomas neurológicos inespecíficos y que en su última visita a la Clínica Universitaria Colombia, en Bogotá, presenta un cuadro de neuritis óptica bilateral, asociado a cefalea frontal y parietal. Se realizan estudios de in-munotipificación que documentan positividad para anticuerpos IgG y anti acuaporina 4 (ACS anti-AQP4), permitiendo así el diagnóstico de desorden del espectro de neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD, por su sigla en inglés) seropositivo; se inicia manejo con pulsos de metilprednisolona a dosis de 1g intravenoso cada 24 horas, con posterior manejo ambulatorio con Rituximab, que permiten estabilización de la enfermedad. Discusión. Se presenta un caso interesante por su inicio insidioso e incierto en un paciente pediátrico. Este caso permite evaluar las diferencias clínicas y diagnósticas en relación a su presentación en adultos. El NMOSD mediado por ACS anti-AQP4 es poco común; para su diagnóstico es esencial la resonancia magnética cerebral y de médula ósea. El tratamiento de elección para cuadros agudos consiste en altas dosis de metilprednisolona. Conclusión. El NMOSD puede producir daño neurológico irreversible, por esto requiere un alto índice de sospecha para su diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno.

18.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 94(6): 263-272, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30902474

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with axonal demyelination, gliosis and neurodegeneration. It is considered a frequent cause of neurological disability in young adults. In this work, an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was optimised by injecting a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55). The ophthalmological effects were studied, as well as its use as an experimental model in other studies of retinal ganglion cell degeneration (RGC) and optic nerve (ON). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 16 mice of 10 weeks that were placed into 2 study groups: a control group of 10 animals and another group of 6 animals with EAE that were injected with MOG35-55. The animals of the EAE model were monitored using motor disability scales. The retinas and optic nerves were processed for morphological examination by optical microscopy and ultrastructure studies. RESULTS: The animal models presented with motor symptoms of spinal cord injury, with the first symptoms appearing between the 7th and 19th day post-injection, with a maximum disability mean of 3.5 points. In the retina, the mean RGC in the EAE group was 0.0891µm, compared with 0.1678µm of the control group (p=.0003). The ON was strongly affected with reactive gliosis, increased axonal damage and decreased density axonal (control group 0.38038 axons/µm2 versus EAE group 0.16 axons/µm2, p=.00032). CONCLUSIONS: In this work an animal model of EAE has been characterised and detailed for the study of demyelinating alterations in the retina and the ON. Its characteristics make it an excellent tool for the study of neurodegenerative ophthalmic diseases.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental/patologia , Nervo Óptico/patologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL
19.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 34(4): 241-247, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28318736

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The contrast sensitivity test determines the quality of visual function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to analyse changes in visual function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study including 61 patients classified into 3 groups as follows: a) disease-free patients (control group); b) patients with MS and no history of ON; and c) patients with MS and a history of unilateral ON. All patients underwent baseline and 6-year follow-up ophthalmologic examinations, which included visual acuity and monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity tests. RESULTS: Monocular contrast sensitivity was significantly lower in MS patients with and without a history of ON than in controls both at baseline (P=.00 and P=.01, respectively) and at 6 years (P=.01 and P=.02). Patients with MS and no history of ON remained stable throughout follow-up whereas those with a history of ON displayed a significant loss of contrast sensitivity (P=.01). Visual acuity and binocular contrast sensitivity at baseline and at 6 years was significantly lower in the group of patients with a history of ON than in the control group (P=.003 and P=.002 vs P=.006 and P=.005) and the group with no history of ON (P=.04 and P=.038 vs P=.008 and P=.01). However, no significant differences were found in follow-up results (P=.1 and P=.5). CONCLUSIONS: Monocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test may be used to detect changes in visual function in patients with ON.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/fisiopatologia , Neurite Óptica/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Sensibilidades de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Visuais
20.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 61(1): 26-32, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-957150

RESUMO

Resumen La neuromielitis óptica (NMO) o enfermedad de Devic, es una enfermedad inflamatoria infrecuente del sistema nervioso central (SNC) que afecta predominantemente el nervio óptico y la médula espinal. El mecanismo de la enfermedad es dado por la producción de anticuerpos IgG cuyo principal blanco inmunitario es el canal acuaporina 4 (AQP4), los cuales desencadenan un proceso inflamatorio y desmielinizante en dichas estructuras. Presentamos el caso de una paciente, quien desarrolló episodios sensitivos crónicos fluctuantes con afección visual, sin mejoría con el tratamiento convencional; durante el abordaje diagnóstico se encontraron lesiones desmielinizantes y anticuerpos anti-AQP4 positivos, por lo que se concluyó el diagnóstico de NMO, y respondió de manera positiva al tratamiento con anticuerpos monoclonales.


Abstract Optic neuromyelitis or Devic's disease is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. The mechanism of the disease is given by the production of IgG antibodies whose main target is the acuaporine channel 4 (AQP4) that trigger an inflammatory and demyelinating process in the aforementioned structures. We present the case of a patient who developed chronic and fluctuating sensitive episodes with visual impairment, without improvement after conventional treatment. During the diagnostic approach we found demyelinating lesions and positive AQP4-antibodies, this lead to a diagnosis of optic neuromyelitis. A positive response was obtained to the therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...