Hernias traumáticas de la pared abdominal en pediatría: serie de tres casos / Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall in pediatrics: Series of three cases

Introducción. Las hernias traumáticas de la pared abdominal son una entidad de muy rara ocurrencia en niños, con pocos casos descritos. Son lesiones causadas por trauma cerrado cuando las fuerzas resultantes del trauma no tienen la suficiente energía para romper la piel, pero son suficientes para producir una disrupción de las fibras musculares y la fascia. Métodos. Se presentan tres casos clínicos de niños con hernias traumáticas, el primero tipo I y los otros dos, tipo II, cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico se llevaron a cabo por el servicio de cirugía pediátrica en un hospital de alto nivel de atención en Colombia. Resultados. Los tres pacientes fueron llevados a manejo quirúrgico sin prótesis, el primero por abordaje abierto y los otros dos por cirugía videoasistida, con buena evolución y sin recidivas en el seguimiento. Discusión. Las hernias traumáticas de la pared abdominal son más frecuentes en varones, como en nuestros casos, y del lado derecho. El diagnóstico de este tipo de hernias es clínico y se apoya en imágenes, teniendo en cuenta que no hay antecedente de hernia en la región afectada. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, pero es controversial el momento del mismo y el uso de materiales protésicos, puesto que existe la posibilidad de recidiva en los primeros meses en los casos de reparo primario. Conclusión. A pesar de la rareza de esta entidad, presentamos tres pacientes pediátricos a quienes se les realizó diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico tempranos, con buena evolución y seguimiento a más de tres años.

Introduction. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall in children are a very rare entity, with few cases described. They are injuries caused by blunt trauma when the forces resulting from low-energy trauma to break the skin, but enough to produce a disruption of the muscle fibers and fascia. Methods. Three clinical cases of traumatic hernias in children are presented, one type I and the other two type II, whose diagnosis and surgical treatment were carried out by the pediatric surgery service in a high-level hospital in Colombia. Results. The three patients underwent surgical management without prosthesis, one by open approach and the other two by video-assisted surgery, with good evolution and no recurrence during follow-up. Discussion. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall are more common in male patients as in our cases, and on the right side of the abdomen. The diagnosis of this type of hernia is clinical and based on images, taking into account that there is no history of hernia in the affected region. The treatment is surgical, but its timing and the use of prosthetic materials are controversial, since there is the possibility of recurrence in the first few months in cases of primary repair. Conclusion. Despite the rarity of this entity, we present three pediatric patients who underwent early diagnosis and surgical management, with good evolution and follow-up for more than three years.

Endovascular Stenting for a Crush Injury of the Common Femoral Artery Followed by Open Repair of Unveiled External Iliac Vein Injury after a Horse Fall.

Accurate diagnosis and management of a femoral vascular injury is important as it is a life-threatening injury with high morbidity and mortality. This is the case of a 75-year-old man admitted to the emergency room with trauma to the right groin due to a horse fall. Computed tomography showed active bleeding of the femoral artery without pelvic or femoral fracture. We inserted a stent-graft, but hypotension persisted. Exploration of the groin was completed, and the bleeding from the external iliac vein was identified and repaired. In conclusion, vascular injury is rare in groin trauma without associated fracture, however, arterial and venous injury should not be completely ruled out. Endovascular therapy is worth recommending as a quicker and safer management than surgery in patients with active bleeding in the femoral artery. However, the possibility of combined injury of the femoral vein should be suspected in case of ongoing hemodynamic instability.