Assessing the impact of oral health disease on quality of life in Ecuador: a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Globally, oral health diseases surpass all other non-communicable diseases in prevalence; however, they are not well studied in underserved regions, where accessibility to dental services and oral health education is disparately worse. In Ecuador, further research is needed to understand such disparities better. We aimed to assess the effect of oral health disease on individuals' quality of life and how social disparities and cultural beliefs shape this. Methods: Individuals 18 or older receiving care at mobile or worksite clinics from May to October 2023 were included. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) measures, and extra-oral photographs (EOP). Results: The sample (n = 528) included mostly females (56.25%) with a mean age of 34.4 ± 9.44. Most participants (88.26%) reported brushing at least twice daily, and less than 5% reported flossing at least once per day. The median OHRQoL score was 4 (min-max), significantly higher among individuals ≥40 years old, holding high school degrees, or not brushing or flossing regularly (p < 0.05). Identified barriers to good oral health included affordability, time, and forgetfulness. Participants not receiving care with a consistent provider reported fear as an additional barrier. Participants receiving worksite dental services reported these barriers to be alleviated. Dental providers were the primary source of oral hygiene education. Most participants reported oral health concerns, most commonly pain, decay, dysphagia, and halitosis - consistent with EOP analysis. Discussion: Findings underscore a need for multi-level interventions to advance oral health equity.

O modelo conceitual de saúde bucal de Locker: um estudo reflexivo / Locker's conceptual model of oral health: a reflective study / O modelo conceitual de saúde bucal de Locker: um estudo reflexivo

Objetivo: apresentar criticamente a teoria do modelo conceitual de saúde bucal de Locker. Método:trata-se de um estudo descritivo baseado em revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se artigos entre 1994 e 2021, nas bases de dados Scielo e Lilacs. Resultados:o modelo conceitual de saúde bucal de Locker é um modelo aperfeiçoado e modificado da Classificação Internacional de Deficiência, Incapacidades e Desvantagens da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Considera-se que os impacto dos problemas bucais sobre a vida das pessoas seja realizada de forma progressiva, do nível biológico para o comportamental e deste para o social. Tal abrangência de abordagem é importante e adequada, pois considera-se que é perfeitamente possível que uma doença produza impacto em uma ou mais dimensões da vida das pessoas, ou casualmente em todas elas. Conclusão:o modelo conceitual de Locker continua sendo utilizado, na atualidade, como base para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de medida da qualidade de vida relacionados à saúde bucal. Entender a essência deste modelo é fundamental para mensurar corretamente este construto e entender o que está em torno dos domínios de avaliação.

Objective: to critically present the theory of locker's conceptual oral health model. Method: this is a descriptive study based on a literature review of a qualitative approach. Articles were used between 1994 and 2021 in the Scielo and Lilacs databases. Results:Locker's conceptual oral health model is an improved and modified model of the International Classification of Disabilities, Disabilities and Disadvantages of the World Health Organization. It is considered that the impact of oral problems on people's lives is carried out progressively, from the biological to the behavioral level and fromthis to the social. Such comprehensiveness of approach is important and appropriate, because it is considered that it is perfectly possible for a disease to have an impact on one or more dimensions of people's lives, or casually in all of them. Conclusion:the conceptual model of Locker continues to be used, nowadays, as a basis for the development of instruments to measure quality of life related to oral health. Understanding the essence of this model is fundamental to correctly measure this construct andunderstand what is around the evaluation domains.

Objetivo: presentar críticamente la teoría del modelo conceptual de salud bucal de locker. Método:estudio descriptivo basado en una revisión bibliográfica de abordaje cualitativo. Los artículos fueron utilizados entre 1994 y 2021 en las bases de datos Scielo y Lilacs. Resultados:El modelo conceptual de salud bucal de Locker es un modelo mejorado y modificado de la Clasificación Internacional de Discapacidades, Discapacidades y Desventajas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se considera que el impacto de los problemas bucales en la vida de las personas se lleva a cabo de forma progresiva, desde elnivel biológico hasta el conductual y desde éste hasta el social. Tal amplitud de enfoque es importante y apropiada, porque se considera que es perfectamente posible que una enfermedad tenga un impacto en una o más dimensiones de la vida de las personas, o casualmente en todas ellas. Conclusión:el modelo conceptual de Locker continúa siendo utilizado, hoy en día, como base para el desarrollo de instrumentos para medir la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal. Comprender la esencia de este modelo es fundamental para medir correctamente este constructo y comprender qué hay alrededor de los dominios de evaluación.

Influence of small-group experiential learning of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on the oral health knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of elderly patients with diabetes

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at the oral health problems of elderly patients with diabetes. A training course of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was constructed, helping patients improve their oral health quality of life. METHODS: A randomized controlled prospective experimental study was conducted. A total of 190 elderly patients were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group with 95 cases in each. The control group received regular health education, while the observation group was based on the control group to implement the integrated experiential learning of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in small groups. The oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, and blood glucose control status along with the oral health quality of life of the two groups were compared before the intervention and at 3-month postintervention. RESULTS: Three months after the intervention, the fasting blood glucose control and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose/glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The oral health quality of life in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The small-group experiential learning model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine can promote the transformation of knowledge-beliefs-behaviors in elderly patients with diabetes, which is conducive to controlling blood sugar levels and improving the quality of oral health.

Associação do risco familiar com saúde bucal, qualidade de vida e variáveis socioeconômicas / Association of familial risk with oral health, quality of life and socioeconomic variables / Asociación del riesgo familiar con salud oral, calidad de vida y variables socioeconómicas

Objetivo: avaliar a relação do risco familiar com saúde bucal, qualidade de vida e variáveis socioeconômicas. Métodos: estudo observacional transversal com 311 indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 71 anos, residentes na área de abrangência de quatro unidades de saúde da família (USF), localizadas em dois municípios do estado de São Paulo. Os voluntários foram avaliados de acordo com: (1) situação clínica (CPO-D e necessidade de tratamento), (2) autopercepção de saúde bucal (OHIP-14), (3) qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-BREF), e (4) condição socioeconômica. Para avaliar o risco familiar, utilizou-se a Escala de Coelho. Os dados foram analisados por meio de modelo multinível formado por componentes fixos (representados pelas variáveis estudadas) e componentes aleatórios (representados pelos bairros e pelas variâncias nos diferentes níveis). Resultados: a média de idade dos participantes foi de 36,7 anos (dp=13), com CPO-D médio de 12,9 (dp=7,0). A média da Escala de Risco de Coelho entre os voluntários foi de 2,67 com erro padrão de 0,32. Apresentaram maior escore de risco total os indivíduos de maior idade (p=0,0486), que moravam em casas com mais residentes (p<0,001), com menos anos de escolaridade (p=0,0137), que não possuíam automóvel (p=0,0048) e com maior escore de OHIP-14 (p=0,0130). Conclusão: a escala de risco familiar associou-se positivamente às variáveis socioeconômicas, e os indivíduos com maior risco familiar apresentaram pior autopercepção da saúde bucal, mas não percebiam uma pior qualidade de vida em geral.

Objective: to assess the relation of familial risk with oral health, quality of life and socioeconomic variables. Methods: cross-sectional observational study encompassing 311 individuals (18 to 71 years old) living in the catchment area of four Family Health Units located in two municipalities of São Paulo state. The participants were evaluated according to: (1) clinical situation (CPO-D and treatment necessity); (2) self-perception oral health (OHIP-14), (3) quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF); and (4) socioeconomic status. The Coelho Scale was used for assessing familial risk. Data were analyzed using a multilevel model formed by fixed components (represented by the studied variables) and random components (represented by the neighborhoods and the variances in the different levels). Results: the participants' average age was 36.7 years old (SD=13), and the average CPO-D was 12.9 (SD=7.0). The average of the Coelho´s Risk Scale among the volunteers was 2.67, with a standard error of 0.32. The participants with higher total risk score were older individuals (p=0.0486) who lived in houses with more residents (p<0.001), who wereless educated (p=0.0137), who did not own a vehicle (p=0.0048), and who had a higher OHIP-14 score (p=0.0130). Conclusion: the familial risk scale was positively associated with the socioeconomic variables, and the individuals with higher familial risk score had worse self-perception of their oral health. However, they did not perceive themselves as having worse general quality of life.

Objetivo: evaluar la relación del riesgo familiar con salud bucal, calidad de vida y las variables socioeconómicas. Métodos: estudio observacional transversal que abarca 311 individuos (18 a 71 años de edad) habitantes en la zona de captación de cuatro Unidades de Salud Familiar ubicadas em dos municipios del estado de São Paulo. Los participantes fueron evaluados de acordo con: (1) situación clínica (necesidad de tratamiento y CPOD); (2) auto percepción de salud bucal (OHIP-14): (3) calidad de vida (WHOQOL-BREF); y (4) nivel socioeconómico. Para medición del riesgo familiar, se utilizo la Escala de Coelho. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el modelo multinivel que consiste de componentes fijos (representados por las variables) y componentes aleatorios (representados por los barrios y las variaciones en los diferentes niveles). Resultados: la edad media de los participantes fue 36,7 años (de = 13), y la media de lo CPO-D fue 12,9 (de = 7,0). La media de riesgo de la Escala de Coelho fue 2,67 con un error estándar de 0,32. Tuvieran puntuaciones de riesgo más altas los individuos de mayor edad (p = 0,0486), que vivían en hogares con más residentes (p <0,001), con menos años de educación (p = 0,0137), que no tenían coche (p = 0,0048) y que tuvieran mayor score de OHIP-14 (p = 0,0130). Conclusión: la escala de riesgo familiar se asoció positivamente con las variables socioeconómicas y los individuos con mayor riesgo familiar tuvieran una percepción peor de su salud bucal, sin embargo, no se percibirán como que teniendo peor calidad de vida en general.

Associação entre resiliência e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em idosos / Association between resilience and quality of life related to oral health in the elderly

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre resiliência e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica baseada em um modelo teórico conceitual em uma coorte de idosos do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte, em 2008. Foram avaliados 498 idosos de Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. As medidas avaliadas foram sociodemográficas, comportamentos de saúde, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal, medida pelo Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Escala de Resiliência e CPOD. A associação entre o potencial de resiliência e os impactos na percepção de saúde bucal relacionados à qualidade de vida foi verificada por meio de regressão binomial negativa. Razões das médias (RM) são apresentadas com seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: Maiores médias do OHIP foram encontradas entre mulheres (6,7 ± 6,3; p = 0,011), moradores da zona rural (7,3 ± 6,7; p = 0,004) e solteiros (8,0 ± 6,3; p = 0,032). O modelo final da análise multivariada mostrou que ser morador da zona rural (RM = 1,32; IC95% 1,06 - 1,65) e casado (RM = 1,36; IC95% 1,07 - 1,72) foram variáveis independentemente associadas à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Não houve associação entre resiliência e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que variáveis sociodemográficas estão associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. A hipótese de que a resiliência pudesse exercer um papel importante no desfecho não foi confirmada. .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between psychological resilience and oral health related to quality of life through a hierarchical approach based on a conceptual theoretical model in a cohort of elderly residents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study in 2008. We evaluated 498 elderly residents in Carlos Barbosa, Rio Grande do Sul. The measures included sociodemographic questionnaire, health behavior, quality of life related to oral health (OHRQOL), measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Resilience Scale, and DMFT. The association between resilience and potential impacts on perceptions of oral health-related quality of life was assessed through negative binomial regression. Mean ratios (MR) are presented with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Higher means of OHIP were found in women 6.7 ± 6.3; p = 0.011), in rural dwellers (7.3 ± 6.7; p = 0.004) and singles (8.0 ± 6.3; p = 0.032). The final model of multivariate analysis showed that being a rural dweller (MR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.65) and being married (MR = 1.36; 95%CI 1.07 - 1.72) were independently associated with OHRQOL. There was no association between resilience and OHRQOL. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that factors such as sociodemographic variables are associated with OHRQOL. The hypothesis that resilience might play a role in the outcome has not been confirmed. .