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1.
Rev Iberoam Micol ; 36(1): 34-36, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30503225

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (ATB) is an uncommon type of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in which fungal involvement is limited to the tracheobronchial tree. While the more severe forms, such as pseudomembranous and ulcerative ATB, occur almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, the milder obstructive form may occur in patients without immune deficiency. CASE REPORT: The case of a 32 year-old man with no previous history of illness, who was evaluated for recurrent right lower lobe pneumonia, is presented. Microbiological sputum studies revealed growth of Serratia marcescens, and a limited growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, the latter interpreted as a contaminant in the specimen. Bronchoscopy revealed a dense mucous plug at level B10 of the right lower lobe, which could not be removed; no other macroscopic findings of interest were observed. During his hospital admission, the patient expectorated the mucous plug and had a significant subsequent bronchorrhoea. A substantial number of colonies of A. fumigatus grown in the sputum cultures. The patient was given voriconazole, leading to a clinical resolution, with no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Obstructive ATB is characterised by the excessive production of thick, hyphae-laden mucus, which can obstruct the airway lumen and generate relapsing post-obstructive pneumonias. It is important to consider this diagnosis in immunocompetent patients with recurrent respiratory infections and who show repeated isolation of Aspergillus colonies in the sputum, even in small quantities.


Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/etiologia , Aspergilose/complicações , Aspergillus fumigatus , Bronquite/complicações , Traqueíte/complicações , Adulto , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias/microbiologia , Bronquite/microbiologia , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Masculino , Traqueíte/microbiologia
2.
Rev. costarric. salud pública ; 27(2): 106-117, jul.-dic. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-978355

RESUMO

Resumen Rhodococcusequi, bacteria aislada principalmente en potros, se considera en la actualidad un patógeno zoonótico emergente en seres humanos, la mayoría inmunocomprometidos, coincidiendo con la epidemia de VIH y los avances en la medicina de trasplantes y la quimioterapia del cáncer, lo que justifica la revisión sobre su patogenia, características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres, el inicio de las infecciones es generalmente insidioso y los síntomas que presentan varían según el sitio de la infección, la enfermedad respiratoria, caracterizada por neumonía necrosante es la manifestación más común, y tiende a seguir un curso subagudo, mientras las personas inmunocompetentes son afectadas con baja frecuencia y suelen presentarse con enfermedad localizada. Las infecciones de la piel o partes blandas, incluyendo abscesos, son poco frecuentes incluso en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos y están usualmente relacionadas con contaminación ambiental. El laboratorio de microbiología juega un papel clave en la identificación del organismo, ya que este puede confundirse con flora normal de la piel. El caso que se presenta corresponde a una paciente adulta inmunocompetente, con infección de herida quirúrgica por R equiluego de una cirugía estética, requirió tratamiento antibiótico, múltiples lavados quirúrgicos y debridamientos, más drenaje de absceso, con mejoría del proceso infeccioso. Este caso sugiere la importancia clínica de la identificación precisa de patógenos inusuales, capaces de entorpecer la evolución normal de un proceso quirúrgico y de producir un alto costo de atención de salud y el alcance medidas preventivas relacionadas con la vigilancia de la salud.


Abstract Rhodococcusequi, a bacterium isolated mainly in foals, is currently considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen in humans, most of them immunocompromised, coinciding with the HIV epidemic and advances in transplant medicine and cancer chemotherapy, which justifies the review on its pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment. More frequent in men than in women, the onset of infections is usually insidious and the symptoms they present vary according to the site of infection, the respiratory disease, characterized by necrotizing pneumonia is the most common manifestation, and tends to follow a subacute course , while immunocompetent people are affected with low frequency and usually have localized disease. Infections of the skin or soft tissues, including abscesses, are rare even in immunocompromised hosts and are usually related to environmental contamination. The microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the identification of the organism, since it can be confused with normal flora of the skin. The case presented corresponds to an adult immunocompetent patient, with surgical wound infection by R equiafter cosmetic surgery, required antibiotic treatment, multiple surgical washes and debridements, and abscess drainage, with improvement of the infectious process. This case suggests the clinical importance of the precise identification of unusual pathogens, capable of obstructing the normal evolution of a surgical process and of producing a high cost of health care and the scope of preventive measures related to health surveillance.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Nádegas/cirurgia , Rhodococcus equi/patogenicidade , Rhodococcus equi/efeitos dos fármacos , Costa Rica
3.
Acta méd. costarric ; 56(1): 27-30, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-700706

RESUMO

La Stenotrophomonas maltophilia es un bacilo gram negativo ambiental emergente que ha venido posicionándose entre el grupo de microorganismos multirresistentes como causa de infección en diversos órganos en ambiente hospitalario y en la comunidad. Se reporta este caso de insuficiencia respiratoria con neumonía severa por S.maltophilia adquirida en la comunidad en una paciente inmunocompetente que tuvo una rápida respuesta a tratamiento con trimetoprim sulfametoxazol cuando se logró identificar la bacteria...


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
4.
Medisan ; 16(4)abr. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-51458

RESUMO

Se hizo una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el tratamiento de pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Se consideraron las medidas terapéuticas generales y la administración de medicamentos según 4 grupos de estratificación: primero, los afectados tratados ambulatoriamente, sin historia de enfermedad cardiopulmonar, factores modificadores o uso reciente de antibióticos; segundo, aquellos con terapia ambulatoria y antecedentes de enfermedad cardiopulmonar o factores modificadores (o ambos) o aplicación reciente de antimicrobianos; tercero, personas hospitalizadas en salas convencionales; y cuarto, los individuos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (con riesgo de infección por Pseudomonas aeruginosa o sin este). Asimismo, se ofrecen criterios y recomendaciones sobre el alta hospitalaria de estos pacientes(AU)


An updated literature review on the treatment of patients with pneumonia acquired in the community was carried out. The general therapeutic measures and the administration of medications were considered according to 4 stratification groups: first, those affected who were under outpatient treatment, without history of cardiopulmonary disease, modifier factors or recent use of antibiotics; second, those under outpatient therapy and history of cardiopulmonary disease and/or modifier factors or recent consumption of antimicrobials; third, admitted patients in conventional rooms; and fourth, patients admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (with infection risk caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or without it). Likewise, approaches and recommendations on the hospital discharge of these patients are offered(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia/terapia , Imunocompetência , Atenção Secundária à Saúde
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