Modelo híbrido de treinamento parental para mães de crianças pré-escolares com transtorno do espectro autista baseado na análise do comportamento aplicada para redução do estresse parental

Este estudo buscou avaliar as contribuições de um treinamento parental híbrido realizado com oito mães de crianças pré-escolares com transtorno do espectro do autismo baseado na ciência da análise do comportamento aplicada para a redução do estresse parental. Foi realizado a construção e implementação do treinamento parental híbrido. A amostra foi dividida em grupo tratamento e controle. Em termos de análise de dados, foram feitas comparações do nível de estresse no período pré/pós-intervenção, assim como a análise de uma prática direta com a criança de forma presencial com o grupo tratamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as mães do grupo tratamento reagiram positivamente com as vídeos e materiais apresentados. No entanto, não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas para sugerir a redução do nível de estresse entre os dois grupos. As limitações do estudo foram o tamanho reduzido da amostra e o fato das crianças de ambos os grupos continuarem recebendo o tratamento em terapia intensiva durante a aplicação do treinamento parental.

Este estudio buscó evaluar los aportes de un entrenamiento parental híbrido realizado con ocho madres de niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista basado en la ciencia del análisis aplicado de la conducta para la reducción del estrés parental. Se llevó a cabo la construcción e implementación de un entrenamiento parental híbrido. Se dividió la muestra en grupo de tratamiento y control, y se realizaron comparaciones del nivel de estrés en el período pre/postintervención, así como el análisis de la práctica directa con el niño en un cara a cara con el grupo de tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las madres del grupo de tratamiento reaccionaron positivamente a los videos y materiales presentados; sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas que sugieran una reducción en el nivel de estrés entre los dos grupos. Las limitaciones del estudio fueron el pequeño tamaño de la muestra y el hecho de que los niños de ambos grupos continuaron recibiendo tratamiento de terapia intensiva durante la implementación de la capacitación de los padres.

This study sought to evaluate the contributions of a hybrid parental training carried out with eight mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, based on the science of applied behavioral analysis for reducing parental stress. The hybrid parental training was constructed and implemented by the researchers. The sample was divided into two groups: a Treatment Group and a Control Group. In the data analysis, comparisons were made of the levels of stress pre- and post-intervention and for the treatment group, direct practice with the child in a face-to-face environment was also analyzed. The results showed that the mothers in the treatment group reacted positively to the video and materials presented; however, no significant statistical differences were found that would suggest a reduction in stress levels between the two groups as a result of the training given. The limitations of the study were its small sample size and the fact that the children in both groups continued to receive intensive therapy treatment during the application of the parental training.

Parent training for disruptive behavior symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. Comorbidities are frequent, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) reaches 50%. Family environment is crucial for the severity of behaviors and for prognosis. In middle-income countries, access to treatment is challenging, with more untreated children than those under treatment. Face-to-face behavioral parent training (PT) is a well-established intervention to improve child behavior and parenting. Method: A clinical trial was designed to compare PT-online and face-to-face effects to a waiting list group. Outcomes were the ADHD and ODD symptoms, parental stress and styles, and quality of life. Families were allocated into three groups: standard treatment (ST), ST + PT online, and ST + Face-to-Face PT. We used repeated measures ANOVA for pre × post treatment analysis corrected for multiple comparisons. Results and discussion: Parent training was effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD (p = 0.030) and ODD (p = 0.026) irrespective of modality (p = 1.000). The combination of ST and PT was also associated with better quality of life in the physical domain for patients (p = 0.009) and their parents (p = 0.050). In addition to preliminary data, online intervention seems effective for parenting and improving social acceptance of children. The potential to reach many by an online strategy with a self-directed platform may imply effectiveness with a low cost for public health to support parents' symptoms management.

Exploring the Acquisition of Social Communication Skills in Children with Autism: Preliminary Findings from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Parent Training, and Video Modeling.

Social communication skills, especially eye contact and joint attention, are frequently impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and predict functional outcomes. Applied behavior analysis is one of the most common evidence-based treatments for ASD, but it is not accessible to most families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as it is an expensive and intensive treatment and needs to be delivered by highly specialized professionals. Parental training has emerged as an effective alternative. This is an exploratory study to assess a parental intervention group via video modeling to acquire eye contact and joint attention. Four graded measures of eye contact and joint attention (full physical prompt, partial physical prompt, gestural prompt, and independent) were assessed in 34 children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). There was a progressive reduction in the level of prompting required over time to acquire eye contact and joint attention, as well as a positive correlation between the time of exposure to the intervention and the acquisition of abilities. This kind of parent training using video modeling to teach eye contact and joint attention skills to children with ASD and ID is a low-cost intervention that can be applied in low-resource settings.

Needs assessment for behavioral parent training for ADHD in Brazil.

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating condition affecting children and their families worldwide. Behavioral parent training is a recommended form of empirically supported non-pharmacological intervention for young children with mild to moderate ADHD. However, access to such treatment is limited in many countries. Here we identify the treatment needs of Brazilian families with children demonstrating symptoms of ADHD, and the barriers families face in accessing behavioral treatment. Methods: A qualitative needs assessment was undertaken with parents (n = 23), educators (n = 15), and healthcare providers (n = 16). Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted, and common themes were identified through inductive coding of participants' responses. Results: Participants reported a lack of accessible behavioral treatment, and delays in accessing treatment when available. The majority of parents had not received behavioral parent training, despite it being a recommended form of treatment. Parents, educators and healthcare providers strongly endorsed a need for practical tools to manage the behavior of children with ADHD. Conclusion: Existing services might not meet the needs of children with ADHD and their families in Brazil. Easily accessed behavioral parent training programs are recommended to address the identified treatment gap for Brazilian children with ADHD and their families.

Building bridges through cultural adaptation: Examining the initial impact of a culturally adapted parent training intervention for the Chilean context.

Child exposure to maltreatment and neglect constitutes a significant public health problem throughout Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Although evidence-based parent training (PT) interventions constitute an empirically demonstrated alternative to prevent child maltreatment and neglect, multiple implementation barriers have prevented the large-scale dissemination of evidence-based PT interventions across LAC countries. This selective prevention study consisted of an exploratory quasi-experimental design implemented in Chile, aimed at examining the initial impact of a culturally adapted version of the evidence-based PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO©. The parenting intervention was adapted in a previous pilot study, according to a rigorous model of cultural adaptation. Based on self-reports completed by 281 caregivers, when compared to baseline measurements, significant improvements at intervention completion were observed in the majority of caregivers' parenting practices, as well as child internalizing and externalizing problematic behaviors. This study provides promising initial empirical evidence that efficacious PT interventions developed in the US can be transported to Latin American contexts, as long as they are thoroughly adapted to achieve high contextual and cultural relevance. The rates of child maltreatment across LAC countries constitute an urgent and permanent call for strongly promoting this line of prevention research.

The impact of a parent-based prevention intervention on Mexican-descent youths' perceptions of harm associated with drug use: Differential intervention effects for male and female youths.

Parent training (PT) interventions reduce the likelihood of youth problematic behaviors, including drug use. However, the dissemination of culturally adapted PT interventions in low-income Latina/o immigrant communities remains scarce. In this selective prevention study, we examined the extent to which exposure to CAPAS-Youth, a culturally adapted version of the PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO© , resulted in increased adolescent perception of harm associated with use of alcohol and other drugs. In a randomized controlled trial with 71 Latina/o immigrant families (95% of parents self-identified as Mexican origin, n = 98), 37 families were allocated to the CAPAS-Youth intervention condition versus wait-list control (n = 34 families). According to adolescents' reports at intervention completion, significant increased levels of perceived harm associated with drug use were found for female youths, but not for males. Differential results indicate the importance of tailoring PT prevention interventions according to youths' sex differences (i.e., males vs. females).

A culturally adapted parenting intervention for the Chilean context: Qualitative indicators of participant satisfaction and contextual and cultural relevance.

Parent training (PT) interventions constitute an empirically demonstrated alternative to promote effective parenting practices and prevent child behavioral and mental health problems. However, the dissemination of evidence-based PT interventions across Latin America remains scarce. This qualitative study had the primary objective of evaluating the level of acceptability of a culturally adapted version of the PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO© , adapted for the Chilean context. According to qualitative reports provided by 24 Chilean caregivers exposed to the culturally adapted parenting intervention, the intervention was perceived by caregivers as useful for their parenting practices, as well as contextually and culturally relevant. Current qualitative findings indicate that the culturally adapted PT intervention holds promise for larger dissemination in the Chilean context.

Culturally adapting an evidence-based parenting intervention for the Chilean context: Balancing fidelity, context, and cultural relevance.

The dissemination of evidence-based parent training (PT) interventions remains extremely limited in Latin American countries. This is concerning when considering the high prevalence of child maltreatment associated with punitive parenting practices across countries in the region. Furthermore, efforts to disseminate PT interventions must be conducted by adhering to the core parenting components that have established effectiveness for such interventions, while ensuring contextual and cultural relevance for focus populations. In this manuscript, we describe the cultural adaptation of an evidence-based PT intervention in the context of Chile. This initial phase of adaptation was informed by the theoretical tenets of the Ecological Validity Model of cultural adaptation (Bernal et al., J. Abnorm. Child Psychol., 23, 1995, 67). According to findings from a qualitative thematic analysis conducted with five interventionists in training, therapists perceived that the intervention's core components were relevant to Chilean caregivers who participated in the parenting program. Interventionists also provided specific suggestions to enhance the intervention's contextual and cultural relevance. This investigation illustrates the importance of culturally adapting evidence-based interventions according to comprehensive cultural adaptation frameworks, prior to engaging in large-scale dissemination of adapted interventions in Latin American contexts.

Treino Remoto Parental para Aplicação do Protocolo de Avaliação do Ecoico a Crianças com Autismo / Remote Parental Training for the Application of the Echoic Assessment Protocol to Children with Autism

RESUMO: Um dos fatores de maior preocupação dos pais de filhos com autismo é o déficit na comunicação social. O ensino dos pais de como desenvolver tal habilidade em seu filho, além de ser uma forma de ampliar o tempo de intervenção é um tratamento com resultados satisfatórios. Destaca-se a importância do ensino do ecoico no desenvolvimento da fala da criança por ser um prérequisito para a instalação de comportamentos mais complexos. No que se refere ao cenário pandêmico de isolamento social, faz-se necessária uma intervenção comportamental a distância, e o pacote de Behavior Skills Training (BST) tem sido útil para ensinar pais a aplicarem procedimentos comportamentais em seus filhos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do pacote de treinamento ministrado de modo remoto aos pais sobre o ensino da aplicação do protocolo teste do repertório de ecoico a crianças com autismo. Por meio de um delineamento de linha de base múltipla, foram observados os resultados de três mães participantes, das quais uma apresentou 24% de acertos em linha de base, atingindo 100% após a introdução do BST, o que indicou a eficácia do procedimento de ensino. Após o aprendizado, as mães não voltaram a aplicar o procedimento nos filhos.

ABSTRACT: One of the factors of greatest concern for parents of children with autism is the deficit in social communication. Teaching parents how to develop this ability in their child, in addition to being a way to extend the intervention time, is a treatment with satisfactory results. The importance of teaching the echoic in the development of the child's speech is highlighted, as it is a prerequisite for the installation of more complex behaviors. With regard to the pandemic and social isolation scenario, a remote behavioral intervention is necessary, and the Behavior Skills Training (BST) package has been useful to teach parents to apply behavioral procedures to their children. This study aimed to verify the effects of the training package given remotely to parents on teaching the application of the echoic repertoire test protocol to children with autism. Through a multiple baseline design, the results of three participating mothers were observed, one of which had 24% of correct answers at baseline, reaching 100% after the introduction of BST, indicating the effectiveness of the teaching procedure. After learning, the mothers did not apply the procedure to their children again.

Programa ACT com casais: repercussões na dinâmica familiar / ACT program with couples: repercussions on family dynamics / Programa ACT con parejas: repercusiones en la dinámica familiar

Este estudo qualitativo buscou compreender as repercussões de um treinamento parental (Programa ACT) na parentalidade, coparentalidade, conjugalidade e no comportamento infantil. O Programa tem como foco a melhoria das práticas educativas dos pais e a sigla ACT significa ação, devido ao caráter dinâmico da intervenção, que abrange orientações, atividades e discussões em grupo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três casais heteroafetivos que participaram da intervenção e foram submetidos à análise categorial temática. Os resultados indicaram melhoria na parentalidade e redução de problemas de comportamento dos filhos. A participação de ambos os pais promoveu repercussões favoráveis não apenas na coparentalidade e na conjugalidade, mas na dinâmica familiar como um todo. Este estudo sugere que a participação de duplas coparentais em programas de treinamento tende a potencializar a aplicação do conhecimento, beneficiando o desenvolvimento da criança.

This qualitative research sought to understand the repercussions of the ACT Program on parenting, coparenting, conjugality, and child behavior. ACT is a parenting training program focused on improving parenting practices. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three heteroaffective couples who participated in the intervention and submitted to thematic categorical analysis. The results indicated an improvement in parenting and a reduction in children's behavior problems. The participation of both parents promoted favorable repercussions not only on coparenting and conjugality but on family dynamics as a whole. This study suggests that the participation of coparental pairs in training programs tends to enhance the application of knowledge, benefiting the child's development.

Esta investigación cualitativa buscó comprender las repercusiones del Programa ACT en la crianza, la crianza compartida, la conyugalidad y el comportamiento del niño. ACT es un programa de capacitación para padres enfocado en mejorar las prácticas de crianza. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con tres parejas heteroafectivas que participaron de la intervención, y sometidas a análisis temático categórico. Los resultados indicaron una mejora en la crianza de los hijos y una reducción en los problemas de conducta de los niños. La participación de ambos progenitores promovió repercusiones favorables no solo en la coparentalidad y la conyugalidad, sino en la dinámica familiar en su conjunto. Este estudio sugiere que la participación de parejas coparentales en los programas de capacitación tiende a mejorar la aplicación del conocimiento, beneficiando el desarrollo del niño.

A Culturally Adapted Parenting Intervention for Mexican-Origin Immigrant Families with Adolescents: Integrating Science, Culture, and a Focus on Immigration-Related Adversity.

Low-income Latina/o immigrants are very likely to experience intense contextual challenges in the USA, such as limited exposure to culturally relevant parent training (PT) prevention interventions. This prevention study consisted of an exploratory randomized controlled trial, aimed at empirically testing the implementation feasibility and initial efficacy of a culturally adapted version of the evidence-based PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO©. The parenting intervention was adapted to overtly address immigration-related stressors, discrimination, and challenges associated with biculturalism. Seventy-one Mexican-origin immigrant mothers participated in this study and were allocated to one of two conditions: (a) culturally adapted GenerationPMTO (i.e., CAPAS-Youth) or (b) wait-list control. Measurements were completed at baseline (T1) and intervention completion (T2). When compared to mothers in the control condition at T2, CAPAS-Youth participants reported significant improvements on four of the core parenting practices delivered in the CAPAS-Youth intervention. As hypothesized, no significant differences in limit-setting skills were identified at T2. With regards to adolescents' outcomes, mothers exposed to CAPAS-Youth reported significant improvements in youth internalizing and externalizing behaviors at T2 when compared to a wait-list control condition. Mothers in both conditions also reported significant reductions in levels of immigration-related stress. Current findings indicate the feasibility of implementing CAPAS-Youth within a context of considerable adversity, as well as the beneficial impacts of the parent-based intervention on salient parenting and youth outcomes.

ACT Parenting Program: A pilot study with observational measures of parent-child interaction / Programa Parental ACT: Um Piloto com Medidas Observacionais da Interação Cuidador-Criança

Abstract Considering the lack of studies involving primary prevention of child abuse, this pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Parenting Program, a universal violence prevention program, through observational measures of parent-child interactions and parental self-report. The study included 10 parents, randomly assigned to wait-list control group (CG) and experimental group (EG), with pre-test/post-test/follow-up measures. The observation sessions were conducted in a lab-house with one-way mirror and filming equipment. Comparing the groups, the EG had a significant increase in self-reported problem-solving skills after program completion. However, no differences were found among observational measures. Further studies are required to attest the effectiveness of the program with behavioral measures.

Resumo Considerando a escassez de estudos que visem a prevenção primária da violência contra crianças, o presente estudo piloto avaliou a efetividade do programa parental ACT por meio de medidas observacionais da interação pais-filhos e do autorrelato dos pais. Participaram do estudo 10 pais, divididos randomicamente em grupos experimental (GE) e controle (GC) de espera, submetidos a medidas de pré-teste/pós-teste/follow-up. As sessões de observação foram conduzidas em uma casa-laboratório com espelho unidirecional e equipamentos de filmagem. Comparando-se os grupos, o GE apresentou aumento significativo da habilidade de resolução de problemas após a intervenção. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças dentre as medidas observacionais avaliadas. Novos estudos são necessários a fim de verificar a efetividade do programa por meio de dados observacionais.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais educativas com mães de pré-adolescentes com deficiência auditiva / Entrenamiento de habilidades sociales educativas con madres de preadolescentes con deficiencia auditiva / Training of educational social skills in mothers of preadolescents with hearing impairment

RESUMO. Desenvolveu-se um Programa de Treinamento de Habilidades Sociais Educativas com mães de pré-adolescentes com deficiência auditiva. Duas mães constituíram o Grupo Experimental (GE) e duas, o Controle (GC). Buscou-se avaliar os efeitos do Programa no repertório de comportamentos das mães e dos filhos por meio do Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P) e o do Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Foi utilizado o método Jacobson Truax para análise dos dados do RE-HSE-P, obtendo mudanças confiáveis em relação ao incremento das habilidades sociais educativas positivas e das habilidades sociais infantis para o GE. Os dados do CBCL indicaram problemas de comportamento internalizantes no GE e em um participante do GC e problemas de comportamento externalizantes em um participante do GC na pré e na pós-intervenção e na avaliação follow up (para o GE). Acredita-se que o desenvolvimento de Programas nestes moldes pode se constituir em um importante aliado da fonoterapia.

RESUMEN. Se desarrolló un Programa de Entrenamiento de Habilidades Sociales Educativas con madres de preadolescentes con deficiencia auditiva. Dos madres constituyeron el Grupo Experimental (GE) y dos el Grupo Control (GC). Se buscó evaluar los efectos del Programa en el repertorio de comportamientos de las madres y de los hijos por medio de la Guía de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociales Educativas Parentales (GE-HSE-P) y de la Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Se utilizó el método Jacobson Truax para análisis de los datos del GE-HSE-P, obteniéndose cambios confiables en relación al incremento de las habilidades sociales educativas positivas y de las habilidades sociales infantiles para el GE. Los datos del CBCL indicaron problemas de comportamiento internalizantes en el GE y en un participante del GC y problemas de comportamiento externalizantes en un participante del GC en la pre y en la postintervención y en la evaluación follow up (para el GE). Se cree que el desarrollo de estos modelos de Programas pueda constituirse en un importante aliado de la fonoterapia.

ABSTRACT. A Parental Social Skills Program was conducted with mothers of preadolescents with hearing impairment. Two mothers were included in the Experimental Group (EG) and two in the Control Group (CG). The study evaluated the effects of the Program on the repertoire of behaviors of mothers and children using the Interview Script for Parental Social Skills (IS-PSS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The Jacobson Truax method was applied to analyze data of the RE-HSE-P, achieving reliable changes concerning the increment of positive educational social skills and child social skills for the EG. Data of the CBCL indicated internalizing behavior disorders in the EG and in one participant of CG, and externalizing behavior disorders in one participant of the CG before and after intervention and on the follow-up evaluation (for the EG). It is believed that the development of programs like this may constitute an important aid in auditory rehabilitation.

Website Instrucional para Manejo Comportamental da Dermatite Atópica / Instructional Website for Behavioral Management of Atopic Dermatitis / Sitio Web Instructivo para el Manejo Conductual de la Dermatitis Atópica

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um website para ser utilizado como ferramenta de ensino e orientação de pais e cuidadores de crianças com dermatite atópica (DA). O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas: a) Levantamento de informações sobre DA; b) Elaboração de roteiros para o website e; c) Desenvolvimento do website. O website foi elaborado com ilustrações, gifs, textos curtos sobre a DA e orientações sobre como instruir as crianças nas situações de tratamento de modo interativo e acessível. Espera-se auxiliar cuidadores na melhora do manejo comportamental de crianças com DA na adesão ao tratamento.

This article aims to present the development of a website to be used as a learning and guidance tool for parents and caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (AD). The study was conducted in three phases: a) collection of data related to AD; b) preparation of scripts for the website and; c) development of the website. The website was developed with pictures, animated gifs, brief texts about AD and guidance on how to instruct children during treatment situations in an accessible and interactive way. We aim to help caregivers in the improvement of behavioral management of children with AD on adherence to medical treatment.

Este artículo objetivo presentar la construcción de un sitio web como herramienta de aprendizaje y orientación de padres y/o cuidadores de niños con dermatitis atópica (DA). El estudio fue organizado en tres etapas: a) levantamiento de informaciones acerca de la DA, b) elaboración del guión para el sitio web y c) construcción del sitio web. El sitio web fue desarrollado con ilustraciones, animaciones en formato gif, textos breves sobre la DA y orientaciones sobre cómo instruir a los niños en las situaciones de tratamiento, en un formato interactivo y accesible. Se espera auxiliar cuidadores en la mejora del manejo conductual de niños con DA en la adhesión al tratamiento.

Grupo de pais: aprendizagens de participantes do Programa ACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as aprendizagens de participantes de grupos de pais do Programa ACT, intervenção psicoeducativa que visa auxiliar no desenvolvimento de práticas educativas parentais positivas, propiciando às crianças ambientes mais seguros, saudáveis, estáveis, sem violência e maus-tratos. Os dados foram organizados de acordo com a análise categorial temática. Os resultados indicaram que a participação no ACT possibilitou aprendizagens sobre práticas educativas parentais, o reconhecimento de emoções dos adultos e das crianças, a compreensão acerca dos estilos parentais, a importância do envolvimento dos pais para o desenvolvimento da criança, além de aprendizagens sobre desenvolvimento infantil e aspectos relacionados a exposição às mídias eletrônicas na primeira infância. Este estudo apresentou como contribuição às pesquisas do Programa ACT uma análise qualitativa de aspectos específicos concernentes às aprendizagens realizadas nas sessões e resultados de grupos que incluíram a participação de pais (homens) no contexto brasileiro, diferenciando-se de estudos anteriores apenas com mães.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los aprendizajes de los participantes de los grupos de padres del Programa ACT, intervención psicoeducativa que tiene como objetivo ayudar en el desarrollo de prácticas parentales positivas, proporcionando a los niños entornos más seguros, saludables y estables, sin violencia y abuso. Los datos se organizaron según el análisis categórico temático. Los resultados indicaron que la participación en el Programa ACT permitió aprender sobre prácticas educativas, el reconocimiento de las emociones de adultos y niños, la comprensión de estilos parentales, la importancia de la participación de los padres para el desarrollo infantil, así como el aprendizaje sobre el desarrollo infantil y los aspectos relacionados a la exposición a los medios electrónicos em la primera infancia. Este estudio presentó como contribución a la investigación del Programa ACT un análisis cualitativo de aspectos específicos del aprendizaje realizado en las sesiones y resultados de grupos que incluyeron la participación de padres (hombres) en el contexto brasileño, diferenciándose de estudios previos solo con madres.

The aim of this study was to identify the new learning of participants of an ACT Program parent group. This psychoeducational intervention aims to assist in the development of positive parenting practices, providing children safer, healthier, more stable environments, without violence or abuse. Data were organized according to thematic categorical analysis. The results indicated that participation in the ACT Program enabled learning about parenting practices, the recognition of emotions of the adults and children, understanding about parenting styles, the importance of parental involvement for child development, and learning about child development and aspects related to exposure to electronic media in early childhood. As a contribution to the ACT Program research, this study presented a qualitative analysis of specific aspects concerning the content learned in the sessions and results of groups that included the participation of fathers in the Brazilian context, differing from previous studies with only mothers.

Parenting in the Midst of Adversity: Tailoring a Culturally Adapted Parent Training Intervention According to the Parenting Experiences of Mexican-Origin Caregivers.

Although parent training (PT) interventions are considered the gold standard for preventing externalizing behaviors in children and youth, their dissemination in low-income Latina/o immigrant communities continues to be scarce throughout the United States (US). An alternative to address this gap in service delivery consists of implementing culturally adapted PT interventions characterized by cultural and contextual relevance. Thus, the main objective of this qualitative study was to document salient immigration-related experiences, as well as parenting needs and challenges, as reported by 30 low-income Mexican-origin immigrant caregivers residing in an urban setting in the Southern United States. The research methodology was guided by the tenets of the Thematic Analysis approach, which involved collecting data through a series of focus group interviews. Qualitative research findings highlight the importance of culturally and contextually tailoring adapted PT prevention interventions, prior to their delivery in contexts that differ from those in which interventions were originally adapted. Specifically, parents in the current investigation provided detailed accounts of immigration-related stressors that are highly relevant to inform recruitment procedures, intervention curriculum, and intervention delivery activities.

Aunque las intervenciones de capacitaciones para padres se consideran la norma de oro para prevenir los comportamientos de externalización en los niños y los jóvenes, su difusión en las comunidades de inmigrantes latinos de bajos recursos continúa siendo escasa en todo Estados Unidos. Una alternativa para minimizar esta brecha en la prestación del servicio consiste en implementar intervenciones de capacitación para padres adaptadas culturalmente que se caractericen por la relevancia cultural y contextual. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio cualitativo fue documentar las experiencias destacadas relacionadas con la inmigración, así como las necesidades y las dificultades de la crianza, según lo informado por 30 cuidadores inmigrantes de origen mexicano y de bajos recursos que viven en un entorno urbano en el sur de EE. UU. La metodología de investigación estuvo guiada por los principios del método del análisis temático, que consistió en recopilar datos mediante una serie de entrevistas a grupos de análisis. Los resultados de la investigación cualitativa destacan la importancia de amoldar culturalmente y contextualmente las intervenciones preventivas y adaptadas de capacitación para padres antes de su implementación en contextos distintos a aquellos a los que fueron adaptadas originalmente. Específicamente, los padres de la investigación actual explicaron detalladamente los factores de estrés relacionados con la inmigración que son sumamente relevantes para preparar los procedimientos de captación, el currículo de intervención y las actividades de implementación de la intervención.

Design and Implementation of the Irie Homes Toolbox: A Violence Prevention, Early Childhood, Parenting Program.

This paper describes the development of the Irie Homes Toolbox, a violence prevention program targeting parents of children aged two to six years. The intervention was designed to complement an existing, teacher-training, violence prevention program, the Irie Classroom Toolbox, thus promoting an integrated approach across home and school settings. The Irie Homes Toolbox was developed through a four-stage process by integrating data from theory, formative research, and practice to ensure the intervention is acceptable, feasible, relevant, and effective in the context. The perspectives of Jamaican preschool teachers and parents of preschool children, who are the end users, were integrated into the design of the intervention throughout the development process. Stage one involved integrating theory and formative research to inform the initial intervention design. Stages two and three involved iterative cycles of design, implementation and evaluation of the intervention content, process of delivery, structure and materials. Stage four involved a further cycle of learning through a process evaluation conducted as part of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Data from each of these four stages was used to inform the design and ongoing revisions of the toolbox with the aim of developing a low-cost, scalable and sustainable intervention for the Jamaican context. The resulting program is theory-informed and uses empirically derived content and behavior change principles operationalized for the context in which it will be delivered. The Irie Homes Toolbox is suitable for integration into the existing preschool provision in Jamaica, thus utilizing an existing service and existing staff and increasing the likelihood for wide-scale dissemination.

A randomised clinical pilot trial to test the effectiveness of parent training with video modelling to improve functioning and symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Poor eye contact and joint attention are early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and important prerequisites for developing other socio-communicative skills. Teaching parents evidence-based techniques to improve these skills can impact the overall functioning of children with ASD. We aimed to analyse the impact of conducting a group parent-training intervention with video modelling to improve the intelligent quotient (IQ), social and communication functioning and to minimise symptoms in children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). METHODS: Study design: A multicentre, single-blinded, randomised clinical pilot trial of parent training using video modelling was conducted. SAMPLE: Sixty-seven parents of children with ASD, aged between 3 and 6 years and with IQs between 50 and 70, were randomised: 34 to the intervention group and 33 to the control group. Intervention program: The intervention group received parent training over 22 sessions, and the control group received the standard community treatment. INSTRUMENTS: Pre-evaluation and post-evaluation (week 28), the following were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale I, Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Autism Behaviour Checklist and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. DATA ANALYSIS: Intention to treat and complier-average causal effect (CACE) were used to estimate the effects of the intervention. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the Vineland standardized communication scores in CACE (Cohen's d = 0.260). There was a non-statistically significant decrease in autism symptomatology (Autism Behaviour Checklist total scores) and a significant increase in the non-verbal IQ in the intervention group. After the false discovery rate correction was applied, IQ remained statistically significant under both paradigms. The effect size for this adjusted outcome under the intention-to-treat paradigm was close to 0.4, and when considering adherence (CACE), the effect sizes were more robust (IQ's Cohen's d = 0.433). CONCLUSIONS: Parent training delivered by video modelling can be a useful technique for improving the care given to children with ASD and ID, particularly in countries that lack specialists.

Corrigendum: Design and Implementation of the Irie Homes Toolbox: A Violence Prevention, Early Childhood, Parenting Program.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.582961.].