Development of coparenting during the transition to parenthood: Integrating parents' representations with observed interactions.

The transition to parenthood is a significant period of transformation and adjustment for all members of a new family, reshaping relational dynamics that often endure throughout the initial years of a child's life. This qualitative and longitudinal study aimed to explore coparenting representations held by both partners in a parental couple, along with observations of their family interactions, at three distinct points in time, with the aim to better understand the interaction between these representational and behavioral observations. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 heterosexual, first-time parents in Santiago de Chile, during pregnancy and at two different times during the first year of their child's life. Family interactions were assessed using the Lausanne Trilogue Play task (LTP) on all occasions. Three main coparenting representation categories emerged: traditional, ambiguous, and co-responsible. On observation, approximately half of the couples showed cooperative coparenting interactions, while the other half had conflictual interactions. Couples generally followed stable trajectories over time. Cooperative couples demonstrated co-responsibility and open dialogue, while conflictual couples tended to follow traditional gender roles with tacit communication styles. This study highlights the importance of promoting co-responsibility and dialogue for fostering cooperative relational dynamics during the critical transition to parenthood.

La transición a la paternidad/maternidad es un período significativo de transformación y ajuste para todos los miembros de una nueva familia, dándole nueva forma a las dinámicas de relación que a menudo se sobrellevan a lo largo de los años iniciales de la vida del niño. Este estudio cualitativo y longitudinal se propuso explorar las representaciones en la crianza compartida que tienen ambos miembros de una pareja de padres, junto con observaciones de sus interacciones familiares, en tres puntos distintivos en el tiempo, con el propósito de comprender mejor la interacción entre estas observaciones representacionales y de comportamiento. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas profundas con 17 padres primerizos, heterosexuales, en Santiago de Chile, durante el embarazo y en dos momentos diferentes durante el primer año de vida de sus niños. Se evaluaron las interacciones de familia usando la tarea del Juego Tripartito de Lausanne (LTP) en todas las ocasiones. Tres principales categorías representacionales de crianza compartida surgieron: tradicional, ambigua y de responsabilidad compartida. Bajo observación, aproximadamente la mitad de las parejas mostró interacciones cooperadoras de crianza compartida, mientras que la otra mitad tuvo interacciones conflictivas. Las parejas generalmente siguieron trayectorias estables a lo largo del tiempo. Las parejas cooperadoras demostraron responsabilidad compartida y diálogo abierto, mientras que las parejas conflictivas tendieron a seguir papeles tradicionales de género con estilo de comunicación tácitos. Este estudio subraya la importancia de promover la responsabilidad compartida y el diálogo para cultivar relaciones dinámicas de cooperación durante la crucial transición a la paternidad/maternidad.

Ethical Considerations in Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval: A Comprehensive Review.

This comprehensive review delves into the moral and ethical dilemmas surrounding post-mortem sperm retrieval (PMSR) and its implications for creating new individuals. The paper examines the challenges posed by unusual requests for sperm retrieval from the deceased's widow and parents, as well as the broader socio-ethical considerations associated with PMSR. These requests have often been denied due to the absence of established laws and guidelines governing posthumous sperm retrieval and subsequent births, which were once deemed impossible. While some countries have implemented institutional policies to regulate its use to some extent, there remains a lack of standardized rules and procedures for the collection and retrieval of sperm after death. It is essential to introduce institutional guidelines to facilitate requests for assisted reproductive technology (ART) following successful sperm retrieval. Additionally, the development of PMSR legislation is necessary to ensure a proper balance between the moral rights and fundamental rights of the deceased, their family, and any current or future offspring, while providing adequate protection for all parties involved.

A qualitative analysis of adolescent motherhood within the broader family context in Peru.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of adolescent pregnancy on families and describe the needs of adolescent mothers and their infants in order to assess the need for intervention and identify potential intervention targets. Background: Adolescent mothers and their offspring face an increased risk of mental health problems. Adolescent mothers and their families also face significant resource constraints; 95% live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cost-effective interventions are needed to improve outcomes for this vulnerable group. Method: This qualitative study conducted in Lima, Peru, consisted of four clinician focus groups and 18 in-depth interviews with adolescent mothers and their family members. Data were coded thematically, and direct content analysis was employed. Results: The study identified the following issues facing adolescent parents: the transition to parenthood, the need for family support, difficulty accessing support, the difficulty for family members of providing support, and ideas about responsibility and adolescent autonomy. Conclusion: Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for interventions that engage families and address barriers to accessing support, including relationship conflict and differing beliefs about responsibility and autonomy. Implications: Interventions are needed for adolescent mothers in LMICs that mobilize family support. Clinicians who care for these patients need to be aware of the family context and the resources available where they practice.

Defining the Limits of Acceptable Parenthood: Reproductive Governance in Brazil.

Drawing on sources relating to the Brazilian scenario - from ethnographic research in lower-income neighorhoods to the analysis of official documents and public debates - we build on cases of forced child removals to explore the intersectional dynamics of class, race, and gender that underlie institutionalized practices of discrimination against poverty-stricken families. After first addressing the influence of recent global trends in child-protection policy, we observe how adoption procedures in Brazil have been increasingly facilitated by the resignification of rights and corresponding changes in the country's legal infrastructures. Next, asking what sort of authoritative knowledge is invoked to define a child's best interests, we reflect on the role played by biomedicine in appraising the limits of acceptable parenthood. Guided by the notion of stratified reproduction, our investigation of these political, scientific, and moral technologies suggests plausible connections between policies that condition the demand for and the supply of adoptable children.

Violência obstétrica e LGBTQIA+fobia: o entrelaçamento de opressões e violações / Obstetric violence and LGBTQIA+phobia: interlaced oppressions and violations

Resumo O sistema capitalista e cisheteropatriarcal se desenvolveu através da opressão e exploração de classe, raça e sexo no estabelecimento de relações desiguais e hierarquizadas de poder, e uma dessas opressões é o uso da violência contra os corpos considerados errantes e transgressores dentro dessa estrutura. Dentre os diversos tipos de violência, o foco deste estudo está na violência obstétrica, compreendida como uma violência patriarcal de gênero que visa a retirada de direitos, autonomia e protagonismo de mulheres e homens trans durante o período gestacional, do parto e puerpério ou em processos de abortamento. Esse artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a violência obstétrica e seu impacto nas homoparentalidades de mulheres lésbicas e de homens trans, pois compreende-se que a população LGBTQIA+ é uma das mais vulnerabilizadas e que está mais distante dos serviços de saúde, justamente pela violência institucional que acomete esses corpos. Dessa forma, pretende-se compreender, através de uma análise social e histórica, como os atravessamentos dessas violações sexistas e heteropatriarcais se entrelaçam e refletem na assistência à saúde dessas pessoas, gerando ainda mais formas de opressão contra essa população.

Abstract The cisheteropatriarchal capitalist system has developed by class, racial and sexual oppression and exploitation in establishing unequal, hierarchical power relations. One of these kinds of oppression involves the use of violence against bodies considered wayward and transgressive within this structure. Of the different types of violence, this study focused on obstetric violence, understood as patriarchal gender violence designed to remove the rights, autonomy and agency of trans women and men during the processes of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and abortion. This article reflects on obstetric violence and its impacts on homo-parenthood for lesbian women and trans men, on the understanding that the LGBTQIA+ population is one of the most vulnerable and removed from health services, mainly because of the institutional violence suffered by these bodies. Accordingly, the intention is to understand, through social and historical analysis, how these sexist, heteropatriarchal violations, interlacing and reflecting in health care for these people, generate even more forms of oppression against this population.

Reconhecimento legal da homoparentalidade e ciência. Uma entrevista com Mar González / Legal recognition of LGB-parent families and science. An interview with Mar González

Resumo Mar González é psicóloga e foi uma das pioneiras nos estudos sobre a homoparentalidade na Espanha. Suas pesquisas, a partir dos anos 2000, tiveram papel relevante no debate parlamentar no país, que culminou com a aprovação do casamento homossexual em 2015. A Espanha, um país de maioria católica que havia deixado a ditadura franquista três décadas antes, foi o terceiro país no mundo, depois de Bélgica e Holanda, a reconhecer o direito de união da população homossexual. Seus estudos versam sobre famílias não convencionais, diversidade familiar, desenvolvimento infantil e familiar e sua relação com educação e saúde. Nossa conversa tratou do tema da homoparentalidade, do estabelecimento dos direitos de filiação para esse grupo social, dos estudos sobre essas configurações familiares e as principais implicações da homoparentalidade para a saúde.

Abstract Mar González is a psychologist and one of the pioneers in studies on LGB-parent families in Spain. Her research work from the 2000s onwards played an essential role in the parliamentary debate in the country, which culminated in the approval of same-sex marriage in 2005. Spain, a Catholic-majority country that had left the Franco dictatorship three decades earlier, was the third country in the world, after Belgium and Netherlands, to recognize the right of gay and lesbian people to unite. Her studies address unconventional families, family diversity, child and family development, and their relationship with education and health. Our conversation addressed LBG parenthood, the establishment of filiation rights for this social group, studies on these family configurations, and leading LGB parenthood health implications.

Entre elecciones y decisiones. La genética en familias homoparentales por gestación por sustitución en Argentina / Between choices and decisions. Genetics in homoparental families through surrogacy in Argentina

Resumen En Argentina desde 2013 existe la Ley Nacional 26.862 de acceso integral a los procedimientos y técnicas de reproducción médicamente asistida (TRA). Esta no incluye los procedimientos de gestación por sustitución (GS) y la ausencia de regulación específica mueve las prácticas a un escenario de paralegalidad. En este contexto, las paternidades planificadas por parejas de varones a través de GS se llevan adelante mediante acciones que vehiculizan demandas de derechos de acceso y políticas activas del Estado. Para estas parejas el argumento es que la GS representa la única opción para tener un/a hijo/a con vínculo genético con al menos uno de los dos padres y poder reconocer ambos vínculos filiatorios. El presente trabajo es el resultado de un trabajo de campo en proceso con padres de Buenos Aires que están llevando adelante esta práctica en Argentina. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad intentamos reconstruir las experiencias personales y analizar los sentidos que construyen las narrativas respecto de sus parentalidades, las conexiones biológicas en la creación o definición de los lazos familiares y analizamos la importancia de la genética en la construcción y mantenimiento de vínculos filiatorios.

Abstract Comprehensive access to medically assisted reproduction procedures and techniques in Argentina has been assured by National Law No. 26,862 since 2013. This Law does not include surrogacy procedures, and the lack of specific regulation shifts practices to a paralegal setting. In this context, planned parenthood by male couples through surrogacy is performed through actions that convey demands for access rights and active State policies. For these couples, the argument is that surrogacy is the only option to have a child with a genetic bond with at least one of the two parents and recognize both filiatory bonds. This work results from field work in progress with parents from the Province of Buenos Aires running this practice in Argentina. Based on in-depth interviews, we attempted to rebuild personal experiences and analyze the meanings that the narratives construct regarding their parenting, the biological connections in establishing or defining family relationships, and the importance of genetics in constructing and maintaining affiliations.

Improving breastfeeding among adolescent mothers: a prospective cohort

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months, and mother's age impact early weaning. Educational support and relevant information can increase breastfeeding rates. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether antenatal education enhances the maintenance, intention, and confidence in breastfeeding among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study involving primiparous adolescents who gave birth at the Woman's Hospital (CAISM), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. METHODS: Adolescent mothers were categorized into two groups based on the location of prenatal care: those at the Woman's Hospital (WH) who received antenatal education, and at the Primary Care (PC) who did not receive antenatal education. All adolescents received breastfeeding orientation during their postpartum hospital stay. The groups were compared using the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-squared test. Log-binomial models were used to compare the groups at different time intervals. RESULTS: The study included 132 adolescents: 59 in the WH group and 73 in the PC group. Six months postpartum, adolescents in the WH group demonstrated higher engagement in breastfeeding (P < 0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.04) than PC group. PC group showed greater lack of confidence in breastfeeding (P = 0.02) and felt less prepared (P = 0.01). Notably, all WH adolescents reported a stronger desire to breastfeed after antenatal education. CONCLUSION: Antenatal education significantly improves the maintenance, intention, and confidence of breastfeeding among adolescents. This education approach can be implemented across all healthcare levels and should be made accessible to all women throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period.

Tiempo de pantallas y parentalidad: desafíos y problemáticas / Screen time and parenthood: challenges and problema / Temps d'écran et parentalité: défis et problèmes / Tempo de telas e parentalidade: desafíos e problemas

Este trabajo se basa en una serie de experiencias que decantaron del trabajo realizado con padres en escuelas. Se propone como objetivo abordar los malestares, desafíos y problemáticas que la inmersión virtual de niños y adolescentes le presenta a la parentalidad. En base a las características cambiantes de la cultura conectiva y el grado de familiaridad que los adultos tienen con la tecnología, se marcan dos tiempos de ese trabajo, los iniciales y los actuales, para dar cuenta de una serie de variantes e invariantes que se fueron presentando con el correr de los años. Se desglosan problemáticas que fueron trabajadas grupalmente en los talleres, algunas relacionadas con la ajenidad tecnológica y otras con una marcada naturalización en padres más digitalizados como los actuales, nacidos en un mundo tecnológico. Se aborda la falta de cuidado online, el desacople entre dispositivos institucionales y tecnológicos, el anhelo parental de sistemas de control y filtros, la conmoción que la destreza digital genera en la relación asimétrica, la dinámica de los grupos de WhatsApp de padres, entre tantas otras. El trabajo sostiene que la parentalidad consiste en un dispositivo de donación que, a pesar de los cambios, sigue propiciando la construcción lenta, pero infatigable de un entramado psíquico AU

This work is based on a series of experiences derived from the work carried out with parents in schools. The objective is to address the discomforts, challenges and problems that the virtual immersion of children and adolescents presents to parenting. Based on the changing characteristics of the connective culture andthe degree of familiarity that adults have with technology, two periods of this work are marked, the initial ones and the current ones, to account for a series of variants and invariants that were presented over the years.Problems that were worked on as a group in the workshops are broken down, some related to technological alienation and others with a marked naturalization in more digitized parents like today's parents, born in a technological world. It addresses the lack of online care, the disconnection between institutional and technological devices, the parental desire for control systems and filters, the shock that digital skill generates in the asymmetric relationship, the dynamics of parents' WhatsApp groups, among many others.The work maintains that parenting consists of a donation device that, despite the changes, continues to promote the slow but tireless construction of a psychic framework AU

Ce travail s'appuie sur une série d'expériences dérivées du travail réalisé avec les parents dans les écoles. L'objectif est d'aborder les inconforts, les défis et les problèmes que l'immersion virtuelle des enfants et des adolescents présente à la parentalité. En fonction des caractéristiques changeantes de la culture connective et du degré de familiarité des adultes avec la technologie, deux périodes de ce travail sont marquées, la période initiale et la période actuelle, pour rendre compte d'une série devariantes et d'invariants qui se sont présentés au cours de la période. années.Les problèmes qui ont été travaillés en groupe dans les ateliers sont décomposés, certains liés à l'aliénation technologique et d'autres avec une naturalisation marquée chez des parents plus numérisés comme les parents d'aujourd'hui, nés dans un monde technologique. Il aborde le manque de soins en ligne, la déconnexion entre les dispositifs institutionnels et technologiques, le désir parental de systèmes de contrôle et de filtres, le choc que génère la compétence numérique dans la relation asymétrique, la dynamique des groupes WhatsApp de parents, entre autres. L'ouvrage soutient que la parentalité consiste en un dispositif de don qui, malgré les changements, continue de promouvoir la construction lente mais infatigable d'un cadre psychique AU

Este trabalho baseia-se numa série de experiências derivadas do trabalho realizado com os pais nas escolas. O objetivo é abordar os desconfortos, desafios e problemas que a imersão virtual de crianças e adolescentes apresenta à parentalidade. Com basenas características mutáveis da cultura conectiva e no grau de familiaridade que os adultos têm com a tecnologia, são marcados dois períodos deste trabalho, os iniciais e os atuais, para dar conta de uma série de variantes e invariantes que foram se apresentando ao longo do anos.São decompostos problemas que foram trabalhados em grupo, alguns relacionados com a alienação tecnológica e outros com uma marcada naturalização em pais mais digitalizados como os pais de hoje, nascidos num mundo tecnológico. Aborda a falta de atendimento online, a desconexão entre dispositivos institucionais e tecnológicos, o desejo parental por sistemas e filtros de controle, o choque que a habilidade digital gera no relacionamento assimétrico, a dinâmica dos grupos de WhatsApp dos pais, entre muitos outros.O trabalho sustenta que a parentalidade consiste num dispositivo de doação que, apesar das mudanças, continua a promover a construção lenta mais incansável de um quadro psíquico.Palavras chaves: infancia, adolescencia, virtualidade, subjetificação, parentalidade, dispositivo AU

Manifestations of Intergenerational Trauma During the Perinatal Period Among Adolescent Mothers in Lima, Peru: A Qualitative Analysis.

Adverse childhood experiences have a lasting impact on health across the life course. The perinatal period offers a unique opportunity to rework problematic dynamics in families experiencing intergenerational trauma. This study explores the family dynamics that are activated during the perinatal period and considers the potential for intervention with adolescent parents and their families in Lima, Peru. This narrative analysis was part of a broader study that included focus groups and in-depth interviews. Of the ten adolescent mothers interviewed, four narratives were selected for presentation in this manuscript. These particular narratives were selected to illustrate the diversity of the experiences among this group and for the exceptional level of detail provided about their life experiences and family relationships. Narrative excerpts were analyzed in the context of the entire interview and the aggregate content of other interviews in order to explore both explicit and implicit meanings. This study identified critical relational shifts among adolescent parents and their families during the perinatal period. In one instance, adolescent parenthood created an opportunity for the family to come together. In the other cases, conflict escalated, relations grew distant, or both. These narrative data demonstrate that intergenerational trauma can interfere with family relationships in the context of adolescent pregnancy and prevent adolescent parents from accessing needed support from their families. Intervention with families could address the impact of trauma and improve communication and collaboration.

Revisão sistemática de intervenções com pais na transição para parentalidade / Systematic review of interventions with parents in the transition to parenthood / Revisión sistemática de intervenciones con padres en la transición a la parentalidad

This study analyzed the effects of intervention programs aimed at mothers and fathers who were expecting their first child on the individual, marital, and parental domains of the transition to parenthood. We selected research articles published between 2008 and 2019 from the PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data collection was carried out between November and December 2019 by two independent judges, according to the recommendations of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). After applying the inclusion criteria, we classified the results of 30 articles and 6782 participants into three themes corresponding to each assessed domain. Positive effects on each domain of the transition to parenthood were obtained, mostly from interventions on couple communication, problem-solving, and co-parenting. Enhancements in the couple's relationship improve parents' mental health and marital satisfaction, which may promote parental emotional availability and responsiveness.

Este estudo analisou os efeitos de programas de intervenção com mães e pais à espera do primeiro filho sobre os domínios individual, conjugal e parental da transição para a parentalidade. Foram selecionados artigos empíricos publicados entre 2008 e 2019 nas bases de dados PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, e Web of Science. A coleta de dados foi realizada por dois juízes independentes, conforme as recomendações do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review e Meta-Analyzes). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, os resultados de 30 artigos e 6782 participantes foram classificados em três temas correspondentes a cada domínio avaliado. Foram verificados efeitos positivos em cada domínio da transição para a parentalidade, principalmente com intervenções sobre a comunicação de casal, solução de problemas e coparentalidade. Os benefícios para o relacionamento do casal favoreceram a saúde mental e a satisfação conjugal dos pais, o que pode promover maior disponibilidade emocional e capacidade de resposta dos pais.

Este estudio analizó los efectos de programas de intervención con madres y padres en los dominios individual, matrimonial y parental de la transición a la parentalidad. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2019 de las bases de datos PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science. La recolección se realizó por dos jueces independientes, según las recomendaciones de PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes). Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se clasificaron los resultados de 30 artículos y 6782 participantes en tres temas correspondientes a cada dominio. Se obtuvieron efectos positivos en cada dominio de la transición, principalmente con intervenciones sobre la comunicación de la pareja, la resolución de problemas y la coparentalidad. Los beneficios en la relación de pareja mejoran la salud mental de los padres y la satisfacción marital, lo que puede promover la disponibilidad emocional y la capacidad de respuesta de los padres.

Assisted reproduction technologies and reproductive justice in the production of parenthood and origin: Uses and meanings of the co-produced gestation and the surrogacy in Brazil.

This article examines the construction of parenthood, drawing on Brazilian cisgender, heterosexual, and homosexual couples' experiences in using assisted reproduction technologies (ART), particularly the surrogacy. For that purpose, we interviewed: 1) a lesbian woman who had her daughter through her partner's pregnancy, using ART with anonymous donor semen; 2) a gay man who, together with his partner, used a surrogacy service under contract via a specialised offshore agency; 3) a woman who was a surrogate, in Brazil, for her sister-in-law and brother who lived abroad and, from abroad, sent an embryo fertilised for surrogacy; 4) a woman who resorted to her sister-in-law in order to be a mother by surrogacy, with ovules from the woman herself fertilised with semen from her husband; and 5) the sister-in-law mentioned in 4), who acted as surrogate for her brother and his wife. These interviews made it possible to think about the discursive construction of the legitimacy of such parenthoods, as it is produced by access to, and manipulation and circulation of, reproductive technologies and persons. This biomedical management of bodies sets up a material and discursive circuit that, in turn, produces a complex web of personal, normative, legal, professional and market relationships, particularly with a view to construction of a parenthood anchored in a notion of biologically-constituted origin. In this respect, biological, affective and social bonds merge to produce a precise placement of who is the father and/or who is the mother, as well as who are the important others and how they are linked to the child in a broader web of parenthood.

Entre altos e baixos: momentos significativos vivenciados por casais longevos / Between ups and downs: significant moments experienced by long-lived couples / Entre alto y bajo: momentos significativos vividos por parejas longevas

Na convivência de longa duração, os momentos considerados significativos pelos casais são importantes referências para se entender a satisfação com os modos de se relacionar a dois. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como casais engajados em relacionamentos de longa duração percebem os "melhores" e "piores" momentos vivenciados na conjugalidade. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com 25 casais heterossexuais, que estavam juntos, em média, há 39,5 anos. As entrevistas transcritas foram submetidas à análise temático-reflexiva. A experiência da parentalidade e a convivência familiar foram identificadas como os melhores momentos e, como piores experiências, o enfrentamento do adoecimento ou morte de um membro familiar e dificuldades financeiras. Conclui-se que, para os casais entrevistados, convivência familiar e cuidados parentais são percebidos como determinantes da satisfação conjugal. As relações conjugais são classificadas de forma dicotômica, como boas ou ruins, a partir de fatos pontuais que eliciam satisfação ou insatisfação com o relacionamento, sem considerar que o vínculo amoroso é dinâmico e, portanto, sensível a melhores e piores momentos

Long-term relationships can be shaped by moments considered remarkable. Such experiences are an important reference to understand the satisfaction with the ways to build marital bonds. The aim of this study was to understand how couples engaged in long-term relationships perceive the "best" and "worst" moments experienced in conjugality. Twenty fi ve heterosexual couples, united for 39.5 years on average, were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic-reflective analysis. The experience of parenting and family life were identifi ed as the best moments and, as worst experiences, facing the illness or death of a family member and fi nancial difficulties. It is concluded that, for the couples interviewed, family life and parental care are perceived as determinants of marital satisfaction. Marital relationships tend to be classifi ed dichotomously, as good or bad, based on punctual facts that elicit satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the relationship, without considering that the romantic bond is dynamic and therefore sensitive to better and worse moments

En la conyugalidad a largo plazo, los momentos considerados notables por las parejas son referentes importantes para comprender la satisfacción con las formas de relacionarse con dos. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender cómo las parejas que mantienen relaciones a largo plazo perciben los "mejores" y los "peores" momentos vividos en la conyugalidad. Se entrevistó a 25 parejas heterosexuales, en promedio, durante 39,5 años. Las entrevistas transcritas fueron sometidas a análisis temático-reflexivo. La experiencia de la crianza y la vida familiar se identifi caron como los mejores momentos y, como peores experiencias, el afrontamiento de la enfermedad o muerte de un familiar y las dificultades económicas. Se concluye que, para las parejas entrevistadas, la vida familiar y el cuidado parental son percibidos como determinantes de la satisfacción conyugal. Las relaciones maritales se clasifican dicotómicamente, en buenas o malas, en base a hechos puntuales que provocan satisfacción o insatisfacción con la relación, sin considerar que el vínculo amoroso es dinámico y, por tanto, sensible a mejores y peores momentos

Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women and Men: The Moderating Role of Parenthood Onset.

Objectives: Based on a life-course approach, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the age at the birth of a first child moderates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in old age, separately for women and men. Methods: We used a rich and representative life history survey of people aged from 65 to 75 living in Santiago, Chile (n = 802), and weighted multivariate statistical models. Data collection process involved the use of face-to-face life history calendars, administered by well-trained interviewers. Results: Early motherhood increases the risk of suffering CVD among older women with a disadvantaged childhood SEP, while late motherhood decreases it. By contrast, early fatherhood decreases CVD risk among older men with an adverse childhood SEP, while late fatherhood increases it. Conclusion: Our findings about the moderating role of parenthood onset on CVD risk among older women and men with a disadvantaged childhood SEP contributes to public health reflections on unexplored cardiovascular risk factors, which lead to substantial changes in women's and men's life courses, and might optimize cardiovascular prevention strategies.

Imaginários Morais no Discurso Midiático Sobre o Uso da Inseminação Caseira por Mulheres Lésbicas / Moral Imaginaries on the Media Discourse on the Use of Homemade Insemination by Lesbian Women / Imaginarios Morales en el Discurso Mediático Sobre Uso de la Inseminación Domiciliaria por Mujeres Lesbianas

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre o discurso moral midiático produzido em torno da Inseminação Caseira e seu uso como tecnologia reprodutiva por casais de mulheres lésbicas. Esta é uma modalidade reprodutiva autônoma, que consiste em uma autoinseminação de baixo custo, feita com o uso de material biológico de doador não anônimo. Para esta reflexão, utilizou-se cinco obras midiáticas produzidas por canais de comunicação de grande alcance no cenário nacional, analisadas sob a ótica da análise do discurso. Foram traçadas cinco categorias analíticas: apresentação textual-imagética das obras; narrativa das mulheres tentantes; discursos promovidos pelos ditos especialistas; e representação da figura do doador. Conclui-se pela necessidade de estímulo ao debate acerca da inseminação caseira realizada por mulheres lésbicas, de modo que tanto profissionais da área da saúde como a sociedade de uma forma geral não se baseiem apenas em discursos morais condenatórios ditos científicos, como aqueles propagados pela grande mídia em relação à Inseminação Caseira. Soma-se a isso a importância em garantir visibilidade para os relatos das mulheres que estão se submetendo à inseminação caseira, compreendendo-as enquanto protagonistas da produção de sua saúde sexual e reprodutiva e projetos parentais e que, por isso, devem ter seus discursos e experiências legitimados.

The present article aims to reflect on the media moral discourse produced around Homemade Insemination and its use as a reproductive technology by lesbian couples. This is an autonomous reproductive modality, which consists in a low-cost self-insemination performed with the use of biological material from a non-anonymous donor. This reflection was made using five media works produced by communication channels of great reach in the Brazilian scenario, analyzed from the point of view of discourse analysis. Five analytical categories were drawn: textual-imagetic presentation of the works; narrative of women trying to conceive; speeches promoted by the so-called experts; and representation of the donor figure. We conclude that it is necessary to stimulate the debate about homemade insemination performed by lesbian women, so that both health professionals and society in general do not rely only on condemning moral speeches called scientific, such as those propagated by the media in relation to Homemade Insemination. Added to that it is important to ensure visibility of the reports of women who are submitting themselves to homemade insemination, understanding them as protagonists of the production of their sexual and reproductive health and parental projects and that, therefore, they must have their speeches and experiences legitimated.

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el discurso moral mediático producido sobre la Inseminación Domiciliaria y su uso como tecnología reproductiva por parejas lesbianas. Se trata de una modalidad reproductiva autónoma, que consiste en una autoinseminación de bajo coste realizada con el uso de material biológico de donante no anónimo. Para esta reflexión, se utilizaron cinco obras mediáticas producidas por canales de comunicación de gran alcance en Brasil analizadas desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso. Se trazaron cinco categorías analíticas: presentación textual-imagen de las obras; narración de las mujeres que intentan; discursos promovidos por los llamados especialistas; y representación de la figura del donante. Se concluye por la necesidad de estimular el debate sobre la Inseminación Domiciliaria realizada por mujeres lesbianas, de manera que tanto los profesionales de salud como la sociedad en general no se basen apenas en los discursos morales condenatorios de los científicos, como los propagados por la gran prensa sobre Inseminación Domiciliaria. A esto se suma la importancia de garantizar la visibilidad de los relatos de las mujeres que hacen la Inseminación Domiciliaria, entendiéndolas como protagonistas de la producción de su salud sexual y reproductiva y de sus proyectos parentales y debe tener sus discursos y experiencias legitimados.

Lower academic performance and dropout rates among University students with children: a prospective cohort study of nursing students in Bogotá, Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between parenthood and academic performance and dropout among professional Nursing degree program students. METHODS: A prospective cohort was conducted. 310 students were included, 26 parents (exposed) and 284 nonparents (unexposed), who were followed up during 16 weeks. At the end of this follow-up, student records were reviewed. RESULTS: Academic performance in the exposed and unexposed groups was 3.51/5.0 and 3.64/5.0 respectively. Although it was higher in the latter group, i.e., with a difference of 0.13, the values were not statistically significant (p=0.058). After adjusting for confounding variables, a difference of -0.165 point was seen (p=0.037). The risk of students dropping out of college is 34 % less for exposed compared to those who are unexposed (RR: 0.66; CI: 0.075-5.78; p=0.708). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that parenthood has a modest impact on the academic performance, and has no impact on the risk of dropping out.

Parental practices under the perspective of incarcerated fathers / Práticas parentais na percepção de pais encarcerados / Prácticas parentales en la percepción de los padres encarcelados

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perception of parenting practices before and during the incarceration of men deprived of liberty. Fifty-seven men aged between 22 and 61 years (M = 36.16; SD = 8.44) participated in the study, with family income of one to two minimum wages (31.6%), did not complete elementary school (54.4%), were married (73.7%), and had two or more children (73.7%) aged 4 to 16 years. They answered socio-demographic questions and the Parenting Practices Inventory (PPI) for conditions in liberty and in prison. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, mean comparison tests and Pearson correlation. Regarding their condition of imprisonment, there was a significant reduction in scores of parental practices of "Discipline", "Education" and "Social", but not in "Affection". The scores for "Discipline" for conditions in liberty and in prison showed a strong correlation. The implications of these results are discussed, limitations and future directions are also indicated. (AU)

Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar a percepção das práticas parentais antes e durante o encarceramento por homens privados de liberdade. Participaram do estudo 57 homens com idades entre 22 e 61 anos (M = 36,16; DP = 8,44), com renda familiar de um a dois salários mínimos (31,6%), ensino fundamental incompleto (54,4%), casados (73,7%) e com dois ou mais filhas/os (78,9%) com idades de 4 a 16 anos. Eles responderam a questões sociodemográficas e ao Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP) para as condições em liberdade e em situação de prisão. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, testes de comparação de médias e correlação de Pearson. A situação de prisão representou uma diminuição significativa em práticas parentais de "Disciplina", "Educação" e "Social", mas não em "Afeto". As pontuações em "Disciplina" para as condições em liberdade e em prisão apresentaram forte correlação. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados, bem como apresentadas limitações e direcionamentos futuros. (AU)

El presente estudio buscó evaluar y comparar la percepción de las prácticas parentales antes y durante el encarcelamiento de hombres privados de libertad. Participaron 57 hombres de entre 22 y 61 años (M = 36,16; DS = 8,44), con ingresos familiares de uno o dos salarios mínimos (31,6%), educación primaria incompleta (54,4 %), casados (73,7%) y con dos o más niños (78,9%) con edades entre 4 a 16 años. Los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP) sobre sus condiciones de paternidad en libertad y en prisión. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, pruebas de comparación de medias y correlación de Pearson. La situación carcelaria representó una disminución significativa en las puntuaciones de las prácticas parentales de "Disciplina", "Educación" y "Social", pero no en "Afectividad". Los escores en el factor "Disciplina" para las condiciones en libertad y en prisión mostraron una fuerte correlación. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, así como también se presentan las limitaciones y direcciones futuras. (AU)

Masculinidad y paternidad en procesos de crianza en Medellín, Colombia, 2018 / Masculinity and paternity in parenting processes in Medellín, Colombia, 2018 / Masculinidade e paternidade em processos de criação dos filhos em Medellín, Colômbia, 2018

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar y discutir significados y prácticas sobre la paternidad y la masculinidad que se dan en la crianza, y que conducen a la reproducción social de los patrones hegemónicos patriarcales o a la emergencia de formas alternativas de ser hombre en la sociedad actual. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con base teórica en el interaccionismo simbólico; el procesamiento y el análisis de la información se efectuaron bajo premisas de la teoría fundamentada. Participaron padres y madres de una institución educativa pública de Medellín; se realizaron 6 entrevistas y un grupo de discusión. Resultados: Se describen significados y prácticas sobre masculinidades y paternidades que reproducen el patriarcado en el escenario de la crianza, así como otros que tienden hacia formas alternativas o colaborativas de masculinidad. Igualmente, se describen impulsores para el tránsito hacia masculinidades y paternidades colaborativas en el escenario de la crianza. Conclusión: La crianza posee un lugar determinante en la reproducción del patriarcado, pero engendra, a la vez, la potencialidad de propiciar transformaciones necesarias a favor de masculinidades y paternidades comprometidas con la equidad de género.

Abstract Objective: To present and to discuss denotations and practices about parenthood and masculinity that occur in parenting, and that lead to the social reproduction of patriarchal hegemonic patterns or the emergence of alternative ways of being a man in today's society. Methodology: A qualitative study theoretically based on symbolic interactionism; information processing and analysis were carried out with a grounded theory approach. Parents from a public school in Medellín were engaged in the study; 6 interviews and a discussion group were conducted. Results: Denotations and practices about masculinities and parenting that reproduce patriarchy were described, and others that tend toward alternative or collaborative forms of parenting were described as well. Likewise, promoters of the transition to masculinities and collaborative parenting are described. Conclusion: Parenting has a decisive role in perpetuating patriarchy, but at the same time, it has the potential to promote necessary transformations in favor of masculinities and parentings committed to gender equality.

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar e discutir significados e práticas sobre a paternidade e a masculinidade que se dão na criação dos filhos e que levam à reprodução social dos padrões hegemônicos patriarcais ou à emergência de formas alternativas de ser homem na sociedade atual. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com base teórica no interacionismo simbólico; o processamento e a análise da informação foram efetuados sob premissas da teoria fundamentada. Participaram pais e mães de uma instituição educacional pública de Medellín; foram realizadas seis entrevistas e um grupo de discussão. Resultados: São descritos significados e práticas sobre masculinidade e paternidades que reproduzem o patriarcado no cenário da criação dos filhos, assim como outros que se inclinam para as formas alternativas ou colaborativas de masculinidade. Igualmente, são descritos impulsores para o trânsito entre masculinidades e paternidades colaborativas no cenário da criação dos filhos. Conclusão: A criação dos filhos possui um lugar determinante na reprodução do patriarcado, mas gera ao mesmo tempo, a potencialidade de propiciar transformações necessárias a favor de masculinidades e paternidades comprometidas com a igualdade de gênero.

'la mamá soy yo': experiencias parentales de madres y padres con discapacidad en Chile / 'a mamãe sou eu': experiências parentais de mães e pais com deficiência no Chile / 'i'm the mother': experiences of mothers and fathers with disability in Chile

Resumen: Las personas con discapacidad (PcD) suelen ser infantilizadas y consideradas como asexuadas y no reproductivas. Esto ha llevado a que sus procesos y experiencias parentales sean invisibilizados o violentados. En el marco de una investigación cualitativa se realizaron 20 entrevistas en profundidad a madres y padres con discapacidad - auditiva, visual, física, intelectual - en Chile. El entorno social de las PcD cuestiona sus posibilidades de ser madres y padres utilizando argumentos eugenésicos y de incapacidad. Una vez que tienen hijos(as) la combinación de la sobrevigilancia, la falta de apoyo y las barreras hace que la posición de madres y padres sea muy vulnerable. Madres y padres con discapacidad desarrollan estrategias de resistencia para contrarrestar las visiones negativas sobre la discapacidad y evitar la discriminación, lo que conlleva un trabajo oculto que tiene un alto costo emocional y físico para ellas(os). La maternidad y paternidad de personas con discapacidad puede ser vista como una estrategia de resistencia en sí misma ya que permite comprender que no existe una contradicción entre cuidar a otro y necesitar cuidado.

Resumo: Pessoas com deficiência são frequentemente infantilizadas e consideradas assexuadas e não reprodutivas. Isso faz com que seus processos e experiências parentais se tornem invisíveis ou violados. No âmbito de uma pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas em profundidade com mães e pais com deficiência - física, auditiva, visual ou intelectual/cognitiva - no Chile. O meio social das pessoas com deficiência questiona suas possibilidades de serem mães e pais por meio de argumentos eugênicos e de incapacidades. Depois de terem filhos, a combinação de vigilância excessiva, falta de apoio e barreiras torna a posição de mães e pais muito vulnerável. Mães e pais com deficiência desenvolvem estratégias de resistência para neutralizar visões negativas sobre a deficiência e evitar a discriminação, o que envolve trabalho oculto que tem um alto custo emocional e físico para eles. A maternidade e a paternidade das pessoas com deficiência podem ser vistas como uma estratégia de resistência por si só, uma vez que permitem compreender que não há contradição em precisar de cuidados e cuidar do outro.

ABSTRACT. People with disability (PWDs) are often infantilized and regarded as asexual and 'non-reproductive'. As a result, their parental processes and experiences are invisibilized or violated. In the framework of a qualitative study conducted in Chile, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers and fathers with physical, sensory or intellectual disability. The social environment of people with disability questions their ability of being mothers and fathers using eugenic and disability arguments. Once they have children, the combination of surveillance, lack of support, and barriers puts them in a very vulnerable position. Both mothers and fathers develop resistance strategies to counteract negative views about their disability and avoid discrimination in a hidden effort that has a high emotional and physical toll on them. The motherhood and fatherhood of people with disability can be seen as a resistance strategy in itself since it allows us to understand that there is no contradiction between caring for another and needing care.

Emociones y cuidados en el confinamiento hogareño durante la pandemia de covid-19 / Emoções e cuidados em confinamento domiciliar durante a pandemia do covid-19 / Care and emotions in home confinement during the covid-19 pandemic

RESUMEN El artículo problematiza, a través de relatos de prácticas cotidianas de cuidado, emociones que se organizan en torno a las diferentes configuraciones del cuidado infantil en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (Argentina). De esta forma, se trata de alimentar la mirada de las infancias, maternidades y paternidades urbanas en 'plural', con la meta de poder considerar el amplio repertorio de formas de disponerse, de estar y sentir que atraviesan el arco de experiencias de los arreglos familiares y el cuidado de hijos e hijas. ¿Cómo se reorganizaron los cuidados domésticos durante la pandemia? ¿Qué emociones y 'reglas del sentir' esto puso en evidencia? ¿Cómo impactaron los cambios en las fronteras del 'adentro' y el 'afuera' en las familias y en las subjetividades laborales y personales? Un primer nivel de análisis de la información empírica está estructurada por las formas de habitar (quiénes vivían con quiénes en términos de parentesco, con qué tipos de vivienda, haciendo qué uso del barrio), para presentar sobre ellas las tensiones emocionales, necesidades y estrategias que emergieron en los relatos.

RESUMO O artigo problematiza, por meio de relatos de práticas cotidianas do cuidado, as emoções que organizam-se em torno das diferentes configurações do cuidado das crianças na Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, (Argentina). Dessa forma, o artigo pretende contribuir a um olhar das infâncias, das maternidades e das paternidades no plural, com o objetivo de poder contemplar o amplo repertório de modos de experienciar, ser e sentir que perpassam o arco de experiências das dinâmicas familiares e do cuidado das crianças. Como os cuidados domésticos foram reorganizados durante a pandemia? Que emoções e regras do sentir isso trouxe à tona? Como as mudanças nas fronteiras do 'dentro' e 'fora' impactaram as famílias e as subjetividades pessoais e do trabalho? Um primeiro nível de análise da informação empírica é estruturado pelos modos de viver (quem conviveu com quem em termos do parentesco, em que tipo de habitação, qual uso da vizinhança), para apresentar tensões emocionais, necessidades e estratégias que surgiram nos relatos.

ABSTRACT. This article addresses the emotions around different configurations of childcare in the Metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina, based on narratives about everyday care practices. In doing so, the article aims to contribute to a pluralistic view of childhood and parenthood in order to consider the vast repertoire of dispositions, of being and feeling that are intertwined in family arrangements and childcare. How did the interviewees rearrange domestic care during the pandemic? What emotions and 'emotional norms' does that new situation reveal? How did the changes in the limits of inside and outside affect families and personal and labor subjectivities? A first level empirical data analysis is performed on the modes of inhabiting a home -who lived with whom, in which type of house, and what use they make of the resources in their neighborhood — in order to reflect upon the emotional tensions, needs and strategies that emerged from the narratives.