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BACKGROUND: The spectrum of biopsy-confirmed kidney disease varies with regions and periods. We describe the distribution of pathological types and epidemiological characteristics of kidney diseases in Northwest China due to regional differences in geographical environment, social economy, and dietary habits. METHODS: Kidney biopsy cases from 2005 to 2020 in Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological characteristics of patients in different periods were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in pathological types and disease spectrum. RESULTS: A total of 10,528 eligible patients were included. Primary glomerular disease (PGD) accounted for the majority of the cases and exhibited an obvious downward trend, whereas secondary glomerular disease (SGD) showed an obvious upward trend. Among PGD, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remained the most common pathological type, and the detection rate of membranous nephropathy (MN) was significantly increased. Among SGD, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) was the most common pathological type and may present a significant characteristic of Northwest China. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exhibited the most obvious upward trend in the whole process, whereas the fastest growth since 2012 was in hypertensive nephropathy. CONCLUSION: The proportion of SGD increased whereas PGD declined. IgAN remained the most common PGD, and HSPN was the most common SGD. MN and DN showed the most obvious upward trend among PGD and SGD, respectively. Changes in the spectrum of kidney disease, especially the constituent ratio of SGD, pose a great challenge to public health.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Histopathological Evaluation of surgical margins of a resected tumour specimen can give an insight about the extent of tumour spread. Errors in proper identification and orientation of resected tumour margins can lead to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Inking of resected margins is the most reliable and safe method. The aim of this study is to systematically review the studies which compares various materials used for inking of surgically resected specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles searched from PubMed, Cochrane, Google search, manual search using key words - inking, tissue marking dyes, surgical margin, tumour margin, surgical pathology, grossing, gross specimens and back references of the articles, yielded three articles. Three articles with a total sample size of 1325 and compares properties of India ink, Acrylic colours and Tissue Marking Dyes were considered in this review. RESULTS: Both India ink and acrylic colours are good with respect to the Ease of application, visibility on paraffin wax blocks, Visibility on naked eye examination of slides and Visibility on microscope. Acrylic colours have less drying time than India ink. India ink do not result in contamination of tissue processing fluids, Interference with cellular and nuclear details and penetration in to tissues when compared with acrylic colours. CONCLUSION: India Ink will continue to dominate as the best surgical ink when comparing all the parameters till newer studies are available for acrylic colours or other dyes. Acrylic colours have the potential to be widely used as a tissue marking dyes except for the few disadvantages.
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Neoplasias , Patologia Cirúrgica , Corantes , Humanos , TintaRESUMO
Objective@# To investigate the clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors and their pathological types.@*Methods@#Data from 2 456 patients with salivary gland tumors diagnosed between January 1973 and December 2018 at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected, and their gender, age and tumor pathological type, location, and benign and malignant composition ratios were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#Over the 46-year study period, 2 456 patients with salivary gland tumors were treated; 41.9% were female, and 58.1% were male. The peak incidence was found among the 40 to 60 years of age group, in which 593 (24.1%) patients had malignant tumors and 1 863 (75.9%) had benign tumors. The ratio of benign and malignant tumors was 3.1∶1. The top two most common benign tumors were pleomorphic adenoma (58.7%) and Warthin tumors (33.6%). The top two most common malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (27.7%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (26.1%). The most common sites of benign pleomorphic adenomas were the parotid glands, palate, and submandibular glands. Mucinous epidermoid carcinomas in malignant tumors were common in the parotid glands and small salivary glands. The incidence of salivary gland tumors in this group has increased each year, and this group accounted for 53.3% of the total cases over the past 10 years.@*Conclusion@#The number of patients with salivary gland tumors is increasing each year. The total incidence of salivary gland tumors is higher in men than in women. Large salivary gland tumors are mainly benign tumors, and small salivary gland tumors are more common. Polymorphic adenomas, Warthin tumors, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas are the most common tumor types; patients 40~60 years old are most likely to have benign salivary glands and have a high incidence of malignant tumors.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods The guinea pig spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH) and complete Freund's adjuvant were used as the antigen to induce the acute EAE model in Wistar rats which were verified according to clinical scoring.Totally 36 rats were randomly and equally divided into 3 groups,that is,normal control,EAE group and MMF treatment group.In 10 d after immunization,normal saline or MMF (30 mg?kg-1?d-1) were given intragastrically for 7 d to the corresponding groups.The rats were sacrificed on the 16th day and 30th day after immunization for pathological changes of the brain and spinal cord.Clinical manifestation was scored during the experiment.Results Compared with the EAE model group,MMF-treated rats had lower clinical scores and shorter disease process.Besides,the inflammatory infiltration,demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system were significantly improved in MMF treatment group.Conclusion MMF is an effective drug in treating EAE,and can relieve the clinical signs and ameliorate pathological lesions in the central nervous system of acute EAE rats.
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Objective To study the immunoregulatory mechanism of Langchuangjing Granule(LG)in different dosages in lupus mice.Methods Three -month female NZB /NZWF1mice were treated with LG in three differen t dosages for six weeks and then the effect of LG on t he expression of CD4 + ,CD8 + and CD54in peripheral blood was obse rved.Re-sults LG in different dosages showed a tend ency of increasing the content of CD4 + and CD8 + ,decreased the serum con-tent of CD54and inhibited the hyper -expressions of CD54on the surface of lymphocyte and monocyte in plasma.T he above effects were stronger in middl e -and high -dosage of LG.Conclusion LG can improve the immune function an d restrain the excessive immunoreaction of lupus mice.
