Sporogenesis in Physcomitrium patens: Intergenerational collaboration and the development of the spore wall and aperture.

Although the evolution of spores was critical to the diversification of plants on land, sporogenesis is incompletely characterized for model plants such as Physcomitrium patens. In this study, the complete process of P. patens sporogenesis is detailed from capsule expansion to mature spore formation, with emphasis on the construction of the complex spore wall and proximal aperture. Both diploid (sporophytic) and haploid (spores) cells contribute to the development and maturation of spores. During capsule expansion, the diploid cells of the capsule, including spore mother cells (SMCs), inner capsule wall layer (spore sac), and columella, contribute a locular fibrillar matrix that contains the machinery and nutrients for spore ontogeny. Nascent spores are enclosed in a second matrix that is surrounded by a thin SMC wall and suspended in the locular material. As they expand and separate, a band of exine is produced external to a thin foundation layer of tripartite lamellae. Dense globules assemble evenly throughout the locule, and these are incorporated progressively onto the spore surface to form the perine external to the exine. On the distal spore surface, the intine forms internally, while the spiny perine ornamentation is assembled. The exine is at least partially extrasporal in origin, while the perine is derived exclusively from outside the spore. Across the proximal surface of the polar spores, an aperture begins formation at the onset of spore development and consists of an expanded intine, an annulus, and a central pad with radiating fibers. This complex aperture is elastic and enables the proximal spore surface to cycle between being compressed (concave) and expanded (rounded). In addition to providing a site for water intake and germination, the elastic aperture is likely involved in desiccation tolerance. Based on the current phylogenies, the ancestral plant spore contained an aperture, exine, intine, and perine. The reductive evolution of liverwort and hornwort spores entailed the loss of perine in both groups and the aperture in liverworts. This research serves as the foundation for comparisons with other plant groups and for future studies of the developmental genetics and evolution of spores across plants.

Surco perineal: un viejo poco conocido / Perineal groove: a little-known old man

Introducción: El surco perineal es una malformación infrecuente dela línea media. Se trata de un surco húmedo, mucoso y no queratinizado localizado en la línea media del periné desde la horquilla vulvar hastael borde anal anterior. Es una malformación infrecuente, usualmente asintomática y de resolución espontánea en la mayoría de los casos. Esta anomalía es frecuentemente confundida con otras malformaciones por lo que su reconocimiento es fundamental para evitar yatrogenia. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una recién nacida con una lesión asintomática en la línea media del periné sospechosa de malformación anorrectal. Tras valoración por el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica se diagnosticó de surco perineal. Comentarios: Debido a la infrecuencia y escasa documentación bibliográfica del surco perineal, esta malformación es desconocida paramuchos sanitarios. Este caso expone la importancia de tener presente estaanomalía para evitar diagnósticos erróneos, tratamientos innecesarios y estrés familiar.(AU)

Introduction: Perineal groove is an infrequent midline malformation. It is a humid, mucosal, non keratinized groove located at theperineal midline, extending from the vulvar fourchette to the anterioranal border. It is rare and usually asymptomatic, and it heals spontane-ously in most cases. It is frequently mistaken for other malformations,which means correctly identifying it is essential to avoid iatrogenesis. Clinical case: We present the case of a female newborn with anasymptomatic lesion at the perineal midline consistent with anorectal malformation. Following assessment by the Pediatric Surgery Department, she was diagnosed with perineal groove. Discussion: Perineal groove is a little known malformation amonghealthcare professionals as it is infrequent and there are not many publications in the literature about it. This case demonstrates how importantit is to keep this abnormality in mind to avoid erroneous diagnoses, unnecessary treatments, and family stress.(AU)

Aplicabilidade de algoritmo de apoio à decisão na avaliação perineal para o parto / Aplicabilidad de algoritmo para respaldar la decisión en la evaluación perineal para el parto / Applicability of decision support algorithm in perineal assessment for childbirth

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver um algoritmo para avaliação perineal na assistência ao parto e aferir sua aplicabilidade e acurácia utilizando um protótipo de sistema de suporte à decisão. Métodos Pesquisa aplicada de desenvolvimento tecnológico, constituída pela construção de algoritmo, avaliação por profissionais com expertise na área, criação de um protótipo de Sistema de Apoio à Decisão usando ferramentas on-line e avaliação de sua aplicabilidade e acurácia durante a assistência a 305 partos realizados por enfermeiros. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva, teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher além do coeficiente de Kappa para avaliar a concordância entre o procedimento indicado pelo sistema e o realizado pelo profissional. Resultados Houve concordância entre a sugestão do algoritmo e a decisão do profissional em 93,1% dos partos; em 6,9% o profissional decidiu caminhos opostos ao recomendado. Os profissionais que optaram por seguir a sugestão do algoritmo obtiveram como desfecho a integridade perineal ou a ocorrência de lacerações de 1°grau. Os que optaram por não seguir a recomendação houve ocorrência de lacerações de 2º ou 3º graus em 28,6% das parturientes. Já na análise de acurácia, o algoritmo sugeriu que a episiotomia deveria ser realizada em 45 dos 305 partos assistidos. Verificou-se associação entre divergências de conduta e número de eventos adversos (p=0,001). Conclusão O algoritmo mostrou-se ferramenta útil para a avaliação perineal na assistência ao parto.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar un algoritmo para la evaluación perineal en la asistencia al parto y determinar su aplicabilidad y precisión utilizando un prototipo de sistema para respaldar la decisión. Métodos Investigación aplicada de desarrollo tecnológico, constituida mediante la construcción del algoritmo, evaluación de profesionales con experiencia en el área, creación de un prototipo de Sistema para Respaldar la Decisión usando herramientas en línea y evaluación de su aplicabilidad y precisión durante la atención a 305 partos realizados por enfermeros. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba χ2 de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher, además del coeficiente Kappa para evaluar la concordancia entre el procedimiento indicado por el sistema y el realizado por el profesional. Resultados Hubo concordancia entre la sugerencia del algoritmo y la decisión del profesional en el 93,1 % de los partos, en el 6,9 % el profesional decidió un camino opuesto al recomendado. Los profesionales que optaron por seguir la sugerencia del algoritmo obtuvieron como resultado la integridad perineal o episodios de desgarro de primer grado. Los que optaron por no seguir la recomendación, tuvieron episodios de desgarros de segundo y tercer grado en el 28,6 % de las parturientas. Por otro lado, en el análisis de precisión, el algoritmo sugirió que la episiotomía debería ser realizada en 45 de los 305 partos atendidos. Se verificó relación entre divergencias de conducta y número de eventos adversos (p=0,001). Conclusión El algoritmo demostró ser una herramienta útil para la evaluación perineal en la atención a partos.

Abstract Objective To develop an algorithm for perineal assessment in childbirth care and assess its applicability and accuracy using a decision support system prototype. Methods This is applied research of technological development, consisting of the construction of an algorithm, assessment by professionals with expertise in the area, creation of a Decision Support System prototype using online tools and assessment of its applicability and accuracy during care for 305 childbirths performed by nurses. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, in addition to the Kappa coefficient to assess the agreement between the procedure indicated by the system and that performed by professionals. Results There was agreement between the algorithm's suggestion and professional decision in 93.1% of childbirths. In 6.9%, professionals decided opposite paths to the recommended one. The professionals who chose to follow the algorithm's suggestion had perineal integrity or the occurrence of first-degree tear as an outcome. Those who chose not to follow the recommendation had second- or third-degree tears in 28.6% of parturient women. In the accuracy analysis, the algorithm suggested that episiotomy should be performed in 45 of the 305 assisted childbirths. There was an association between divergences in conduct and the number of adverse events (p=0.001). Conclusion The algorithm proved to be a useful tool for perineal assessment in childbirth care.

Reactive oxygen species are required for spore wall formation in Physcomitrella patens.

A robust spore wall was a key requirement of terrestrialization by early plants. Sporopollenin in spore and pollen grain walls is thought to be polymerized and cross-linked to other macromolecular components partly through oxidative processes involving H2O2. Therefore, we investigated effects of scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on formation of spore walls in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. Exposure of sporophytes, containing spores in the process of forming walls, to ascorbate, dimethylthiourea or 4-hydroxy-TEMPO prevented normal wall development in a dose, chemical and stage-dependent manner. Mature spores, exposed while developing to a ROS scavenger, burst when mounted in water on a flat slide under a coverslip (a phenomenon we named "augmented osmolysis" since they did not burst in phosphate-buffered saline or in water on a depression slide). Additionally, walls of exposed spores were more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis than those of control spores and some were characterized by discontinuities in the exine, anomalies in perine spine structure, abnormal intine and aperture and occasionally wall shedding. Our data support involvement of oxidative cross-linking in spore wall development, including sporopollenin polymerization or deposition, as well as a role for ROS in intine/aperture development.

Tuberculosis anal como diagnóstico diferencial de lesión ulcerada anal / Anal tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis of ulcerated anal lesion

La tuberculosis (TBC) es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica, granulomatosa, transmisible, producida por el microorganismo Mycobacterium tuberculosis o bacilo de Koch. Puede presentarse como enfermedad pulmonar, extrapulmonar o ambas. La presentación extrapulmonar, es rara, representando aproximadamente el 11% de todos los casos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comunicar un caso clínico de tuberculosis de localización extrapulmonarr infrecuente: la región perianal. (AU)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious, granulomatous, transmissible disease produced by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis microorganism or Koch's bacillus.It can present as lung disease, extrapulmonary disease or both.Extrapulmonary presentation is rare, representing approximately 11% of all cases. The objective of the present work is to report a clinical case of tuberculosis of uncommon extrapulmonary location: the perianal region. (AU)

Measuring spore settling velocity for an improved assessment of dispersal rates in mosses.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The settling velocity of diaspores is a key parameter for the measurement of dispersal ability in wind-dispersed plants and one of the most relevant parameters in explicit dispersal models, but remains largely undocumented in bryophytes. The settling velocities of moss spores were measured and it was determined whether settling velocities can be derived from spore diameter using Stokes' Law or if specific traits of spore ornamentation cause departures from theoretical expectations. METHODS: A fall tower design combined with a high-speed camera was used to document spore settling velocities in nine moss species selected to cover the range of spore diameters within the group. Linear mixed effect models were employed to determine whether settling velocity can be predicted from spore diameter, taking specific variation in shape and surface roughness into account. KEY RESULTS: Average settling velocity of moss spores ranged from 0·49 to 8·52 cm s(-1) There was a significant positive relationship between spore settling velocity and size, but the inclusion of variables of shape and texture of spores in the best-fit models provides evidence for their role in shaping spore settling velocities. CONCLUSIONS: Settling velocities in mosses can significantly depart from expectations derived from Stokes' Law. We suggest that variation in spore shape and ornamentation affects the balance between density and drag, and results in different dispersal capacities, which may be correlated with different life-history traits or ecological requirements. Further studies on spore ultrastructure would be necessary to determine the role of complex spore ornamentation patterns in the drag-to-mass ratio and ultimately identify what is the still poorly understood function of the striking and highly variable ornamentation patterns of the perine layer on moss spores.

Effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training in treating urinary incontinence in women: A current review. / Efectividad del entrenamiento de la musculatura del suelo pélvico en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria en la mujer: una revisión actual.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the content of various published studies related to physical exercise and its effects on urinary incontinence and to determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor training programmes. METHOD: We conducted a search in the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Plus Library, The Cochrane Library, WOS and SPORTDiscus and a manual search in the Google Scholar metasearcher using the search descriptors for documents published in the last 10 years in Spanish or English. The documents needed to have an abstract or complete text on the treatment of urinary incontinence in female athletes and in women in general. RESULTS: We selected 3 full-text articles on treating urinary incontinence in female athletes and 6 full-text articles and 1 abstract on treating urinary incontinence in women in general. The 9 studies included in the review achieved positive results, i.e., there was improvement in the disease in all of the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise, specifically pelvic floor muscle training programmes, has positive effects on urinary incontinence. This type of training has been shown to be an effective programme for treating urinary incontinence, especially stress urinary incontinence.

Presentación de un paciente con Gangrena de Fournier / Presentation of a Patient with Fournier Gangrene

Se realizó una revisión relativa a la gangrena de Fournier, motivada por la presentación de un caso atendido en el Servicio de Coloproctología del Hospital Provincial General “Vladimir I. Lenin,” de Holguín, en año 2014. Se trató de un adulto masculino de 59 años con diagnóstico de esta enfermedad en la región perianal, que de forma fugaz invadió los genitales externos. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia, se trató con antibióticos por vía endovenosa y se practicó desbridamiento quirúrgico con orquiectomía izquierda. Luego de controlada la infección perianal, se trasladó al Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Iñiguez Landin de Holguín con una estadía de 43 días, al controlar la infección de los genitales, se realizó una reconstrucción de la región escrotal y se dio alta para seguimiento ambulatorio. La aparición de esta enfermedad no es frecuente, pero sí es potencialmente letal por lo que una vez diagnosticada, los especialistas deben, tratar la enfermedad de la manera más rápida posible.

A review on Fournier's gangrene, motivated by the presentation of a case treated at the Coloproctology Service of "Vladimir I. Lenin General Provincial Hospital," Holguin, in 2014 was done. A male patient of 59 years of age diagnosed with this disease in the perianal region fleetingly was spread the external genitals. Emergency surgery was performed, treated with intravenous antibiotics and surgical debridement was performed with left orchiectomy. After the perianal infection was controlled, the patient was reffered to the Urology Department of Lucia Iñiguez Landin Surgical Hospital of Holguin with a stay of 43 days, to control the infection of the genitals; a reconstruction of the crotch region was performed. The patient was discharged for follow-up outpatient consultation. The emergence of this disease is rare, but potentially lethal so once diagnosed the specialists must treat the disease as soon as possible.

Presentación de un paciente con Gangrena de Fournier / Presentation of a Patient with Fournier Gangrene

Se realizó una revisión relativa a la gangrena de Fournier, motivada por la presentación de un caso atendido en el Servicio de Coloproctología del Hospital Provincial General “Vladimir I. Lenin,” de Holguín, en año 2014. Se trató de un adulto masculino de 59 años con diagnóstico de esta enfermedad en la región perianal, que de forma fugaz invadió los genitales externos. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica de urgencia, se trató con antibióticos por vía endovenosa y se practicó desbridamiento quirúrgico con orquiectomía izquierda. Luego de controlada la infección perianal, se trasladó al Servicio de Urología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Iñiguez Landin de Holguín con una estadía de 43 días, al controlar la infección de los genitales, se realizó una reconstrucción de la región escrotal y se dio alta para seguimiento ambulatorio. La aparición de esta enfermedad no es frecuente, pero sí es potencialmente letal por lo que una vez diagnosticada, los especialistas deben, tratar la enfermedad de la manera más rápida posible.(AU)

A review on Fournier's gangrene, motivated by the presentation of a case treated at the Coloproctology Service of "Vladimir I. Lenin General Provincial Hospital," Holguin, in 2014 was done. A male patient of 59 years of age diagnosed with this disease in the perianal region fleetingly was spread the external genitals. Emergency surgery was performed, treated with intravenous antibiotics and surgical debridement was performed with left orchiectomy. After the perianal infection was controlled, the patient was reffered to the Urology Department of Lucia Iñiguez Landin Surgical Hospital of Holguin with a stay of 43 days, to control the infection of the genitals; a reconstruction of the crotch region was performed. The patient was discharged for follow-up outpatient consultation. The emergence of this disease is rare, but potentially lethal so once diagnosed the specialists must treat the disease as soon as possible.(AU)

[Application of perineum heat therapy during partum to reduce injuries that require post-partum stitches]. / Aplicación de termoterapia en el periné durante el parto para reducir las lesiones que precisan sutura posparto.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of heat, moist or dry to the perineum during delivery in order to reduce injuries requiring perineal suturing after birth, and to assess its safety in relation to the adaptation of the newborn to extrauterine life. METHOD: An open multicentre clinical trial directed from the School of Nursing at the University of Barcelona was carried out between 2009 and 2010 in 5 Catalan Hospitals. The sample consisted of 198 pregnant women subjected to the natural protocol for normal delivery assistance. The pregnant women were randomized to three study groups: moist heat (MHG), dry heat (DHG), and control (CG). Usual care of the perineum was performed during labour in all groups and MHG or GCS was also applied in the perineum in the intervention groups. The Apgar score in the newborn and perineum postpartum was then assessed. Statistical tests were performed using a 95% confidence interval. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 17. RESULTS: Perinea that required no suturing: MHG 71% (47) versus CG 56% (37), OR: 1.803; (95% CI: 0.881-3.687); DHG 62% (41) versus CG 56% (37), OR:1.285 (95% CI: 0.641-2.577); MHG 71% (47) versus DHG 62% (41), OR:1.402 (95% CI: 0.680-2.890). MEAN: Apgar score 5', MHG: 9.91; DHG: 9.98, CG: 9.98. p=0.431. CONCLUSIONS: The application of heat therapy to the perineum during labour did not significantly reduce perineal suturing after birth. However, better perineal results were observed with moist heat. Heat therapy does not alter neonatal outcomes measured by Apgar score.

Traumatismo perineal complejo / Complicated perineal trauma

Se presenta una paciente de 8 años de edad, del sexo femenino, objeto de un traumatismo perineal complejo con lesiones severas en el periné y la pelvis ósea, por aplastamiento entre un camión en movimiento y un árbol. Acudió al Servicio de Urgencias en estado de choque hipovolémico por sangrado abundante a través del periné. Se realizó taponamiento perineal externo, reparación de las lesiones de los órganos perineales previa laparotomía, ligadura de las arterias hipogástricas y colostomía derivativa complementaria. Evolucionó de forma lenta, pero satisfactoria y fue dada de alta a los 45 días de su ingreso. Se concluye que los buenos resultados obtenidos dependieron de la prontitud en la asistencia quirúrgica, la aplicación de los principios de la cirugía de control de daños, la atención multidisciplinaria y de la derivación del tránsito fecal(AU)

This is the presentation of a female case aged 8 undergoes a complex perineal trauma and the bone pelvis due to crushing between a moving truck and a tree. She came to Emergency Room under a hypovolemic state by abundant bleeding through perineum. An external perineal tamponage, repair of injuries of perineal organs previous a laparotomy derivative. She evolved slowly but satisfactory and was discharged at 45 days after admission. We conclude that the good results obtained depended on the promptness in the surgical assistance, the implementation of principles of the damage control surgery, multidisciplinary care and bypass of fecal course(AU)

Traumatismo perineal complejo / Complicated perineal trauma

Se presenta una paciente de 8 años de edad, del sexo femenino, objeto de un traumatismo perineal complejo con lesiones severas en el periné y la pelvis ósea, por aplastamiento entre un camión en movimiento y un árbol. Acudió al Servicio de Urgencias en estado de choque hipovolémico por sangrado abundante a través del periné. Se realizó taponamiento perineal externo, reparación de las lesiones de los órganos perineales previa laparotomía, ligadura de las arterias hipogástricas y colostomía derivativa complementaria. Evolucionó de forma lenta, pero satisfactoria y fue dada de alta a los 45 días de su ingreso. Se concluye que los buenos resultados obtenidos dependieron de la prontitud en la asistencia quirúrgica, la aplicación de los principios de la cirugía de control de daños, la atención multidisciplinaria y de la derivación del tránsito fecal

This is the presentation of a female case aged 8 undergoes a complex perineal trauma and the bone pelvis due to crushing between a moving truck and a tree. She came to Emergency Room under a hypovolemic state by abundant bleeding through perineum. An external perineal tamponage, repair of injuries of perineal organs previous a laparotomy derivative. She evolved slowly but satisfactory and was discharged at 45 days after admission. We conclude that the good results obtained depended on the promptness in the surgical assistance, the implementation of principles of the damage control surgery, multidisciplinary care and bypass of fecal course

Examen perineoanorrectal y tacto rectal: [revisión] / Perineal-anal-rectal examination and digital rectal examination (DRE): [review]

Se trata de una recopilación de información pertinente a reinducir los conocimientos, para hacer de éste examen, un medio diagnóstico y a veces terapéutico, tanto para condiciones del tracto digestivo como para otras eventualidades regionales y sistémicas. Se persigue que a la evaluación clínica perineoanorrectal, estigmatizada y de cierta manera tenida como tabú, se le brinde orientación similar que al examen de la mama y la toma de la citología en la mujer, por lo que una vez concientizados y motivados los pacientes, debe contarse con un médico suficientemente preparado para aprovechar al máximo las bondades que brinda una buena semiotecnia y propedéutica de este examen y no se quede corto en las expectativas diagnósticas.

Infecciones graves del periné: unificación de conceptos / Perineal severe infections: concepts unification

Esta monografía se refiere a diferentes procesos que se caracterizan por una inflamación progresiva de la región perineal que llega a la necrosis de la piel, el tejido celular subcutáneo y ocasionalmente el músculo, generando una severa toxicidad sistémica. Es necesario agruparlos bajo la denominación de “infecciones graves del periné” teniendo en cuenta su forma similar de presentación, el diagnóstico precoz que merecen, y el tratamiento exhaustivo del que depende su curación. Existen factores predisponentes, como la diabetes mellitus, y otros desencadenantes, como los procedimientos invasivos locorregionales, que favorecen la aparición de esta afección. Las causas más frecuentes son infecciones anorrectales, genitourinarias y lesiones traumáticas. Casi todos los casos se caracterizan por presentar flora bacteriana mixta y sinérgica. En los cultivos se identifican organismos anaerobios y aerobios facultativos. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos clínicos. La utilidad de las imágenes se limita al diagnóstico precoz de lesiones que potencialmente pueden dar lugar al surgimiento de esta entidad, y a la búsqueda de colecciones que han pasado desapercibidas. La bacteriología provee las bases para ejercer un programa de tratamiento de rutina. El tratamiento debe ser instaurado inmediatamente. La buena evolución de esta grave patología se basa en las medidas urgentes y generales de reanimación, compensación y sostén, antibióticoterapia adecuada, y con una cirugía que siempre debe ser precoz y agresiva. El impacto de la terapia coadyuvante con oxígeno hiperbárico en cuanto a mejoras en los resultados permanece en controversia. Con respecto a la cirugía reparadora, debe tenerse en cuenta que el realizar un debridamiento agresivo, conlleva acarrear con malos resultados estéticos y dificultad en la cicatrización del lecho quirúrgico...

This work talks about different processes that characterize by a progressive inflammation of the perineal region which includes skin, hypodermis and occasionally the muscle necrosis, generating a severe general toxicity. It is necessary to group them under the denomination of “serious infections of perineum” considering its similar form of presentation, the precocious diagnosis needed, and the exhaustive treatment that depends its treatment. There are many helping factors, such as diabetes mellitus, and other leading ones, like regional invasive procedures, which help to promote this affection. The most frequent causes are anorectal and genitourinary infections, and traumatic injuries. Almost all cases are characterized by displaying mixed and sinergical bacterial flora. Anaerobic and facultative aerobic organisms are identified in tissue cultures. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings. The utility of images is limited to the precocious diagnosis of injuries that can give rise to the sprouting of this illness, and the search of unnoticed collections. Bacteriology provides the bases to start a program of routine treatment. Treatment must be restored immediately. The favorable evolution of this serious pathology is based on urgent and general measures of resuscitation, suitable antibiotic therapy, and surgery, that always must be precocious and aggressive. The impact of helping hyperbaric oxygen therapy as far as improvements in results remains in controversy. As far as repairing surgery, it must be consider that making an aggressive surgery entails to carry with bad aesthetic results and difficulties in the cicatrization of the surgical wound. This fact does not have to be more important than the initial therapeutic success, which will save of the patient's life. Without a suitable handling, the perineum severe infections present a terrible prognosis, with high mortality rate and anatomic and functional sequels that causes invalidity.

Evisceración de intestino delgado por periné anterior / Small intestine evisceration from the anterior perineum

En octubre de 2005, ingresa al servicio de emergencia de la C.N.S. una paciente de 80 años de edad, de sexo femenino con diagnóstico pre y post operatorio de evisceración de intestino delgado por vagina, post trauma, representando el 0,001 % de un total de 93.396 cirugías realizadas entre enero de 1982 a marzo de 2006 en la Caja Nacional de Salud hospital Obrero No 2 de la ciudad de Cochabamba. Por la escasa presentación de esta patología a nivel mundial y en nuestro medio, se revisa el tema desde un punto de vista estadístico, diagnóstico y de tratamiento. Finalmente la evisceración del periné anterior, debe diferenciarse clínicamente de la evisceración del periné posterior que es más rara todavía su presentación y su manejo también es diferente.

ln October 2005 a 80 - year- old female patient enters the emergency service with a pre and post surgical diagnostic of post trauma small intestine evisceration through vagina. This represents 0,001 % out of 93.396 operations carried out at the Hospital Obrero N°2 "Caja Nacional de Salud" of Cochabamba city within January 1982 and March 2006. Due to the scarce worldwide and nationwide presentation of this pathology, the topic is reviewed from statistics, diagnostic and treatment points of view. Finally, the evisceration of the frontal perineum should be differentiated from the posterior perineum evisceration which is more unusual and whose treatment is also different.