'I can feel sad about it and I can worry, but inside I know everything happens for a reason': personal experiences in the aftermath of the March 15 Christchurch mosque attacks.

BACKGROUND: On 15 March 2019, a white supremacist gunman sequentially attacked two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 51 people aged from 3 to 77 years and bullet-injuring 40 more. Approximately 250 people survived the atrocity, and many more family and community members have been directly or indirectly affected. AIM: To develop an understanding of the personal experiences of some of those affected, including effects on daily life and well-being, in the 18-30 months following the attacks. METHOD: Qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 21 men and women from September 2020 to August 2021 was performed. Participants were drawn from a larger quantitative study and included injured, bereaved, witnesses, family members and those from the wider Muslim community in Christchurch. RESULTS: Four superordinate themes were identified: being overwhelmed in the midst of chaos; experiencing silent and enduring impact; living similarly, but differently; and gaining meaning and growth. These themes captured ongoing distress inclusive of physical symptoms, family and community relationship dynamics and connectedness, secondary stressors, and diversity in coping and growth. For most, the centrality of Islam as a faith tradition was woven throughout. CONCLUSION: Consistent with previous literature, post-trauma reactions were pervasive and varied. This appeared to be compounded by secondary stressors in this cohort, such as sociopolitical circumstances, demographic diversity, the COVID-19 pandemic and justice processes. Findings also revealed a strong spiritual thread in the experiences of this minority faith community, shedding light on a complex interaction between recovery and post-traumatic growth.

Characterizing post-traumatic growth in individuals with traumatic brain injury according to social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity.

PURPOSE: After traumatic brain injury (TBI), individuals may face challenges in their social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. However, positive life changes can also be experienced (i.e., post-traumatic growth). This study aimed to characterize the social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity of individuals with TBI displaying post-traumatic growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen participants (male = 10, mean age = 49.7 years) with moderate to severe TBI (average years post-injury = 15.2) were included in this mixed-methods study. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. Qualitative data, collected using semi-structured interviews, were used to categorize participants into two groups: higher (n = 8) and lower (n = 7) post-traumatic growth. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize participants in each group in terms of their social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity. RESULTS: Participants with higher post-traumatic growth had increased social participation, higher self-awareness, and fewer negative discrepancies between their pre- and post-injury self-identities, compared to participants with lower post-traumatic growth. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of post-traumatic growth through the use of both qualitative and quantitative data. These findings can inform future research and development of programs to promote post-traumatic growth post-TBI.

Individuals may experience post-traumatic growth after sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI)Social participation, self-awareness, and self-identity could influence post-traumatic growth after TBIIn rehabilitation, post-traumatic growth may be facilitated for individuals with (TBI) through higher engagement in activities, better recognition of limitations, and positive changes to self-identity.

Addressing trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and post-traumatic growth in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer among females in Africa. Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households. As a result, BC is comorbid with trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and post-traumatic growth (PTG). AIM: To identify empirical evidence from peer-reviewed articles on the comorbidity trajectories between BC and trauma, BC and PTSD, and BC and PTG. METHODS: This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines of conducting a systematic review. Literature searches of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were conducted using search terms developed for the study. The search hint yielded 769 results, which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. At the end of the screening, 24 articles were included in the systematic review. RESULTS: BC patients suffered trauma and PTSD during the diagnosis and treatment stages. These traumatic events include painful experiences during and after diagnosis, psychological distress, depression, and cultural stigma against BC patients. PTSD occurrence among BC patients varies across African countries, as this review disclosed: 90% was reported in Kenya, 80% was reported in Zimbabwe, and 46% was reported in Nigeria. The severity of PTSD among BC patients in Africa was based on the test results communicated to the patients. Furthermore, this review revealed that BC patients experience PTG, which involves losing, regaining, and surrendering final control over the body, rebuilding a personified identity, and newfound appreciation for the body. CONCLUSION: Patients with BC undergo numerous traumatic experiences during their diagnosis and treatment. Psychological interventions are needed in SSA to mitigate trauma and PTSD, as well as promote PTG.

Investigation of Depression and Post-Traumatic Growth in Renal Transplant Recipients via Self-Assessment.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine post-traumatic growth and depression levels in renal transplant recipients and the relationship between these two variables. Design and Methods: The study was conducted with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The data for the study were collected at the organ transplant unit of a research and training hospital located in the west of Turkey. The sample of the study included 122 kidney transplant recipients (n = 122). A Sociodemographic Information Form, the Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were employed to collect data. In the analyses of the data, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, an independent-samples t-test, post hoc tests, and Pearson correlation tests were used. Results: As the ages of the renal transplant recipients increased, their depression scores decreased, while their PTG scores increased. Higher depression levels were identified in the female participants compared to the male participants and in those with a low income compared to other income groups. The lowest PTG levels were found in the recipients who received their kidney transplants from third-degree relatives. Age, gender, economic status, and time of transplant were predictors of depression. The identity of the donor was the most significant predictor of PTG (62% explanation rate). A strong and inverse correlation was found between depression and PTG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Post-traumatic growth was found to decrease depression. However, while poor economic status led to depression, high economic status did not lead to a significant change in PTG. As education levels increased, PTG decreased, but education status did not have any significant effect on depression. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between PTG and depression. The results obtained in this study are valuable and important in terms of understanding depression better and determining PTG as a significant factor that could alleviate it.

The impact of discharge readiness on post-traumatic growth in patients after thyroid cancer surgery: the mediating role of sickness-related stigma.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between post-traumatic growth, morbidity stigma and readiness for discharge in post-operative thyroid cancer patients. Methods: 422 post-operative thyroid cancer patients from three tertiary care hospitals in Hunan and Tianjin were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, the Post-traumatic Growth Scale, the Readiness for Discharge Scale, and the Social Influence Scale. Results: Discharge readiness positively predicted the level of post-traumatic growth in thyroid cancer patients (P < 0.01), and morbidity stigma negatively predicted post-traumatic growth (P < 0.01), with morbidity stigma playing a mediated role between discharge readiness and post-traumatic growth. Conclusions: Readiness for discharge can positively predict post-traumatic growth, and morbidity stigma plays a mediating role between readiness for discharge and post-traumatic growth. It is suggested that clinical and nursing staff should strengthen patients' discharge readiness guidance and education, help patients and their families establish an effective feedback mechanism for disease condition and psychological cognitive condition, focus on reducing patients' sense of shame, and improve patients' physical and mental health.

Fostering resilience and post-traumatic growth in overseas Chinese left-behind children: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the impact of parental migration on the psychological well-being and development of left-behind children (LBCs) in Zhejiang, China, within the broader context of the country's rural transformations and urban migration. It investigates how intellectual and relational engagement (RE), autonomy (AUT), competence (COM), and relatedness (RES) contribute to resilience (REL) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in these children, reflecting on the shift from viewing parental separation merely as a source of trauma to recognizing its potential to foster significant personal growth. METHODS: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the research was conducted in April and May 2023 with 1348 LBCs from a total sample of 4049 students inZhejiang. A two-step random, stratified, cluster-based sampling strategy was employed, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the constructs. RESULTS: The statistical analysis demonstrated significant positive effects of intellectual engagement (IE), AUT, COM, and RE on both REL and PTG (p < .05 for all). IE strongly correlated with AUT (r = .68, p < .001) and COM (r = .71, p < .001), enhancing REL and facilitating PTG. Additionally, the presence of secure and consistent relationships was identified as crucial for maintaining psychological well-being, with high correlation coefficients (r > .60) underscoring their importance. Notably, REL was found to moderate the relationships among RES, COM, and PTG, highlighting its critical role in the psychological adaptation of left-behind children. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of nurturing intellectual and REs, AUT, and COM to enhance psychological REL and well-being among LBAs. These elements are crucial for supporting the mental health and developmental needs of children facing the challenges of parental migration. The findings advocate for targeted interventions that can address the unique needs of this vulnerable population, emphasizing the potential for growth and adaptation despite adversities.

Posttraumatic growth modulates the response to negative emotions related to COVID-19: An event-related potentials study.

There is increasing interest in identifying how posttraumatic growth (PTG) impacts emotional processing following traumatic events (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Previous research suggests that high PTG levels may lead to enduring changes in positive emotional processing. Despite this fact, little is known regarding brain activation and responses to stressful emotional stimuli. The present study utilised event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether individual differences in emotional responses toward neutral and negative emotional stimuli related to COVID-19 are related to self-reported PTG levels. A total of 77 participants were analysed: 21 in the high PTG group and 56 in the control group. The amplitude of the N2 was smaller in the high PTG group compared to the control group under both negative and neutral conditions. When viewing the negative emotion pictures (vs. neutral pictures), the N2 amplitude significantly decreased for the high PTG group in the right occipital and frontal-parietal areas, whereas no significant change was observed among the control group. In the time window Late Positive Potential (LPP) 600-1000 ms, emotional stimuli and the group interaction were significant. Viewing negative pictures (vs. neutral pictures) decreased the LPP 600-1000 ms amplitudes for the control group, mainly originating from the brain's frontal regions. However, there were no such significant differences for the PTG group. Due to the limited sample size and cultural differences, the applicability of these results to other regions or countries needs to be verified. The presented findings suggest that the impact of PTG during emotional response is reflected in both bottom-up (evidenced by the early ERP components) and top-down (evidenced by the later ERP components) processes. Individuals with high PTG may use a meditation-related emotional regulation strategy of acceptance at the basic stage and non-judgement at a later stage.

The Content and Nature of Rumination in Chinese Young and Middle-Aged Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Qualitative Study.

Individuals have different rumination patterns after experiencing traumatic events in different cultural backgrounds and situations. This study aimed to explore the experience of Chinese young and middle-aged patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to understand the content and nature of their rumination. Sixteen participants were selected using the purposive sampling method in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological method. The participants went through two successive stages: non-adaptive rumination and adaptive rumination. During the initial admission phase, all the participants experienced varying degrees of non-adaptive rumination. Non-adaptive rumination included four sub-themes: worry or anxiety of daily activities and medical therapy (37.50%), fear of unpredictable outcomes and death (37.50%), sadness of maladjustment (25.00%), and remorse of carelessness (12.50%). During the period of stable condition and pre-discharge, the participants received health education and gradually all transitioned to adaptive rumination. Adaptive rumination included four sub-themes: tracing of disease processes (100%), enhancement of disease cognition (81.25%), improvement of health awareness (62.50%), and adjustment of lifestyle cognition (100%). In conclusion, although the Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS experienced negative emotions after a traumatic cardiac event, they gradually made positive changes, and optimism and information support played important roles in this transition. The results of this study provide a fundamental understanding of rumination experiences in Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS and provide new data for healthcare providers when designing intervention programs to enhance post-traumatic growth in these patients.

"Learn from Errors": Post-traumatic growth among second victims.

BACKGROUND: Second victims, defined as healthcare providers enduring emotional and psychological distress after patient safety incidents (PSIs). The potential for positive transformation through these experiences is underexplored but is essential for fostering a culture of error learning and enhancing patient care. OBJECTIVE: To explore the level and determinants of post-traumatic growth (PTG), applying the stress process model. METHODS: The study was conducted at a tertiary general hospital in Chongqing, China. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 474 s victims were included. An online survey was conducted in November 2021 to assess various factors related to the second victim experience. These factors included PSIs (considered as stressors), coping styles, perceived threats, and social support (acting as mediators), as well as the outcomes of second victim syndrome (SVS) and PTG. Statistical description, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized for the data analysis. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: The participants reported moderate distress (SVS = 2.84 ± 0.85) and PTG (2.72 ± 0.85). The total effects on SVS of perceived threat, negative coping, social support, positive coping, and PSIs were 0.387, 0.359, -0.355, -0.220, and 0.115, respectively, accounting for 47% of the variation in SVS. The total effects of social support, positive coping, and PSIs on PTG were 0.355, 0.203, and - 0.053, respectively, accounting for 19% of the variation in PTG. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides novel insights into the complex interplay between perceived threats, coping styles, and social support in facilitating PTG among second victims. By bolstering social support and promoting adaptive coping strategies, the adverse effects of PSIs can be mitigated, transforming them into opportunities for resilience and growth, and offering a fresh perspective on managing PSIs in healthcare settings.

People, places, systems and society:A qualitative exploration of socio-cultural factors in head and neck cancer survivorship.

PURPOSE: People living with head and neck cancer (HNC) often endure permanent and life changing adverse effects of treatment and reduced health-related quality of life. Study of post-traumatic growth (PTG), is gaining traction to understand why some people living with cancer have better psychosocial outcomes than others. Current theoretical models on PTG point to the importance of 'socio-cultural influences' but do not provide insight into how such socio-cultural factors influence survivorship outcomes. This research aimed to illuminate pathways to PTG following HNC by exploring socio-cultural factors in experiences of living with, and moving on from, HNC. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews with people living with HNC (up to 5 years post-treatment) on experiences of diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Qualitative framework analysis using the environmental factors codes from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) HNC core set. RESULTS: 20 people living with HNC were interviewed (11 male, 9 female; aged 46-83 years). Four inter-related themes described socio-cultural factors that influence (positively and/or negatively) the experience of living with HNC: (1) people and places; (2) healthcare systems and support services; (3) societal attitudes to cancer; (4) work and finances. CONCLUSION: Support from family, friends and healthcare professionals, as well as societal attitudes, financial and work security and personal experiences all appear to contribute to an individuals' ability to navigate the HNC experience. These findings could inform development of interventions targeting the socio-cultural factors in the lives of people living with HNC, particularly for those at risk for poorer psycho-social outcomes.

Anxiety, post-traumatic symptoms, media-induced secondary trauma, post-traumatic growth, and resilience among mental health workers during the Israel-Hamas war.

The ongoing Israel-Hamas war is posing additional challenges for mental health workers in an already stressful workplace. This study centres on the psychological effects of the shared traumatic reality on mental health workers, arising from the Israel-Hamas war. One month after exposure to the terrorist attack of 7 October 2023 and the outbreak of war following this event, 147 mental health workers completed questionnaires regarding a variety of variables such as demographics, anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, media-induced secondary trauma, personal resilience, National resilience (NR), and post-traumatic growth (PTG). The study found that mental health workers with previous trauma displayed higher anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, and media-induced secondary trauma. Additionally, acute stress and anxiety were positively correlated with media-induced secondary trauma. Religiosity, personal resilience, and NR were found associated with lower anxiety and acute stress symptoms. Religiosity was also positively correlated with personal resilience, NR, and PTG. The PTG of mental health workers working with trauma survivors and evacuees was higher compared to that of other mental health workers. Both adverse and adaptive reactions were evident among mental health workers. While traumatic stress is expected, individual, professional, and NR factors may mitigate its effects. Providing training, social support, regulated media exposure, stress management, and meaning-focused coping strategies can help safeguard workers' well-being.

Religious Coping as Mediator of Sense of Competence and Post-traumatic Growth in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to determine whether religious coping mediates the relationship between parenting sense of competence (PSOC) and post-traumatic growth (PTG). METHOD: Cross-sectional research design was used. A sample of 74 mothers (age range; 20-45 years) of CP children (age range; 2-9 years) was collected through purposive sampling from different physiotherapy centres and special education schools of Lahore. PSOC scale, brief RCOPE and PTG inventory were used. RESULTS: Positive religious coping partially mediated (ß = 0.190, 95% CI [0.026, 0.374], p < 0.05) between PSOC and PTG. Partial mediation exists between PSOC and appreciation of life through pathway of positive religious coping (ß = 0.040, 95% CI [0.007, 0.075], p < 05). Full mediation exists between PSOC and personal strength through pathway of positive religious coping (ß = 0.041, 95% CI [0.001, 0.081], p < 0.05) and through negative religious coping (ß = 0.034, 95% CI [0.002, 0.066], p < 0.05). Positive religious coping fully mediated (ß = 0.029, 95% CI [0.007, 0.058], p < 0.05) between PSOC and spiritual change. Moreover, indirect effect of PSOC on relating to others and new possibilities through positive and negative religious coping was non-significant, indicating no mediation. CONCLUSION: Positive religious coping affected the association between PSOC and PTG, that is, mothers of CP children having high parenting competence are more likely to use positive religious coping strategies that results in more PTG.

Latent transition analysis on post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth among firefighters.

Background: Firefighters, in the course of their professional responsibilities, confront an array of stressors contingent upon the distinctive characteristics of their duties.Objective: This study investigated the longitudinal impact of trauma incidents during duty on firefighters using latent transition analysis.Method: Data from 346 firefighters in South Korea who had experienced trauma events while on duty were utilized. Initially, latent groups were identified based on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic growth (PTG). Groups were labelled based on the analysis of differences in PTSD, mental health, and growth-related factors among classified groups. Subsequently, transition probabilities and patterns from Time 1 to Time 2 were examined, followed by an investigation into variances based on demographic factors (gender, age) and occupational factors (work experience, shift pattern) using variance analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis.Results: First, at Time 2, a five-group model was classified into 'Growth,' 'Resilience or Numbness,' 'Struggle,' 'Partial Struggle,' and 'PTSD' groups. Second, upon examining the transition patterns between latent groups, four patterns emerged: 'continued distress,' 'growth,' 'adaptation,' and 'escalated distress.' Third, the 'Struggle' group showed a 0% probability of transitioning to the 'Growth' group, whereas it displayed the highest probability among the groups transitioning to the 'PTSD' group. Fourth, latent transition analysis results showed a strong tendency for the 'Growth' group and 'Resilience or Numbness' group to remain in the same category. Fifth, age was found to be a significant factor affecting the transition of latent groups.Conclusion: This research represents the inaugural attempt to longitudinally investigate the interplay between PTSD and PTG among firefighters.

Firefighters, in the course of their professional responsibilities, confront an array of stressors contingent upon the distinctive characteristics of their duties.The transition patterns of firefighters between latent groups revealed at Time 1 and Time 2 were examined, revealing four transition patterns: 'continued distress,' 'growth,' 'adaptation,' and 'escalated distress.'This research represents the inaugural attempt to longitudinally investigate the interplay between post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth among firefighters.

Analysis of the survival journey and post-traumatic growth process of children and their families following paediatric intensive care unit admission: A grounded theory study.

OBJECTIVES: Advances in critical care technology have lowered mortality rates among critically ill individuals. Nonetheless, survivors and their families may develop new physical, mental, cognitive, and social challenges due to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) treatments, impacting their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival journey and post-traumatic growth process of children and their families following PICU admission within the Chinese cultural context. METHODS: Twenty-six children who have been or are currently admitted to the PICU, alongside their parents and three PICU nurses, were chosen through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews and observations, with data analysis conducted through continuous comparison, open coding, and selective coding techniques. FINDINGS: A model outlining the survival journey and post-traumatic growth process of critically ill children and their families post PICU admission has been established. This model encompasses two central trajectories: an upward trajectory consisting of confusion, charging, action, and sublimation phases and a downward trajectory comprising confusion, doubt and fear, inhibition (including confrontation and avoidance), and drowning phases. CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill children and their families encounter diverse survival experiences and psychological journeys following traumatic events in the PICU. The survival experience has alternative upwards or downwards trajectories that are flexible/adaptable. Hence, offering timely psychological support can alter their developmental trajectories and foster post-traumatic growth.

Pathways to Resilience: Exploring Post-Traumatic Growth in the Wake of Drug-Related Deaths.

This review examines Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) in the aftermath of Drug-Related Deaths (DRDs) amid a public health crisis underscored by an increase in overdose fatalities. It examines grief and unique challenges confronting those bereaved by DRDs, such as stigmatization, and synthesizes existing literature to elucidate pathways toward resilience and growth. Fundamental mechanisms facilitating PTG, including reframing loss, engaging in open dialogues with support, and cultivating self-compassion and hope, are highlighted, demonstrating the transformative potential of navigating bereavement with supportive communication and personal development. The review also addresses limitations within current research, such as focusing on specific bereaved populations, which may impact the generalizability of findings. Recommendations for future research include longitudinal studies and broader demographic inclusion to understand and support individuals grieving a DRD. Advocating for holistic, growth-oriented bereavement care models, this review underscores the necessity of comprehensive approaches to facilitate healing and growth in the wake of DRDs.

Characterizing the post-traumatic growth trajectory in gastric cancer survivors: a population-based longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: Post-traumatic growth can improve the quality of life of cancer survivors. The objective of this study was to investigate post-traumatic growth heterogeneity trajectory in perioperative gastric cancer survivors, and to identify characteristics that predict membership for each trajectory. METHODS: Gastric cancer survivors (n = 403) were recruited before surgery, their baseline assessment (including post-traumatic growth and related characteristics) was completed, and post-traumatic growth levels were followed up on the day they left the intensive care unit, at discharge, and 1 month after discharge. Latent growth mixture mode was used to identify the heterogeneous trajectory of post-traumatic growth, and the core predictors of trajectory subtypes were explored using a decision tree model. RESULTS: Three post-traumatic growth development trajectories were identified among gastric cancer survivors: stable high of PTG group (20.6%), fluctuation of PTG group (44.4%), persistent low of PTG group (35.0%). The decision tree model showed anxiety, coping style, and psychological resilience-which was the primary predictor-might be used to predict the PTG trajectory subtypes of gastric cancer survivors. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable variability in the experience of post-traumatic growth among gastric cancer survivors. Recognition of high-risk gastric cancer survivors who fall into the fluctuation or persistent low of PTG group and provision of psychological resilience-centered support might allow medical professionals to improve patients' post-traumatic growth and mitigate the impact of negative outcomes.

Implementing nursing interventions based on stress system theory alongside painting therapy for pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder following accidental injury.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a nursing intervention based on stress system theory, coupled with painting therapy, on children experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequent to an accidental injury. METHODS: The clinical data of 100 children diagnosed with PTSD following accidental injuries were retrospectively analyzed for the period spanning April 2021 to May 2023. There were 48 children who received standard nursing care between April 2021 and April 2022 in the control group, and 52 children who received nursing intervention based on stress system theory combined with painting therapy between May 2022 and May 2023 in the observation group. Scores of PTSD Self-evaluation Scale (PTSD-SS), post-traumatic growth, coping style, quality of life, and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Prior to nursing care, the scores of each dimension in the PTSD-SS, post-traumatic growth, coping style, and quality of life were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). Following nursing intervention, the observation group exhibited lower scores in each dimension of the PTSD-SS compared to the control group. Moreover, the scores in each dimension of the children's version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were higher in the observation group than in the control group. Additionally, the Confrontation scores in the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were higher in the observation group than in the control group, while the scores of Avoidance and Resignation were lower in the observation group than in the control group. The scores of each dimension in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Models (PedsQL4.0) were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the family satisfaction in the observation group (96.15%) was higher than that in the control group (81.25%), with P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The implementation of nursing intervention based on stress system theory combined with painting therapy in children with PTSD following an accidental injury can alleviate stress, help them actively cope with the condition, promote post-traumatic growth, and improve the quality of life and family satisfaction.

A study of the relationship and mediating effects of perceived stress and post-traumatic growth in patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The traumatic experience of cancer, in addition to its negative impact on breast cancer patients, can also bring about positive change, i.e., post-traumatic growth (PTG). PTG can help boost patients' confidence in their fight against the disease and improve their adherence to treatment, thereby facilitating their recovery. The study aimed to investigate the effect of perceived stress on the PTG of patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer and to examine the roles of rumination and self-efficacy between two. METHODS: The data was collected using a cross-sectional design. From December 2021 to October 2022, a total of 306 breast cancer patients who had undergone chemotherapy following surgery and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from three tertiary-level A hospitals in Henan Province, China. We conducted descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and a regression analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 80 to explore the relationships among perceived stress, rumination, self-efficacy, and PTG. RESULTS: Perceived stress of patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer had a negative predictive effect on PTG (r = -0.340, P < 0.01); Rumination and self-efficacy played a partial mediating effect between perceived stress and PTG, accounting for 45.25% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical nursing staff could promote PTG by strengthening psychological assessment and timely psychological intervention for patients with high perceived stress levels, encourage patients to adopt a positive way of thinking about illness and improve their self-efficacy level, so as to improve their PTG level.

Bouncing back: a longitudinal examination of challenge within football academy environments.

Introduction: Although substantial research indicates that challenge plays a big role in the development of talent, little is known of the experiences of young performers as they negotiate and learn from these challenges. Methods: As such, to better understand the nature and impact of challenge on the Talent Development (TD) pathway, we longitudinally tracked nine young footballers from progressive age-bands (five aged 11 years and four aged 14) as they experienced challenge over a 15-month period using a mixed-methods design. Five semi-structured interviews separated by three months were conducted, and data were analysed via thematic analysis. Results: Our findings suggested that participants encountered recurrent challenging events, categorised into common/uncommon, planned/unplanned, individual-focused/group-focused challenges. Support for the benefits of challenges was pervasive throughout the data with participants progressing through stages with each challenge (drop, rebound and growth). However, the magnitude and rate at which participants experienced these stages was highly idiosyncratic. Indeed, the perceived impact, scale, and, ultimately, consequential developmental impact of these challenges appeared to vary greatly with participants displaying different responses to similar events. Such differences were underpinned by several individual factors (such as prior experiences and perceived coping skills), contextual characteristics of the challenge (such as type and timing) and support around the challenge (such as priming and reflection opportunities). Conclusion: Implications include the need for coaches and psychologists to systematically assess and carefully monitor the individual circumstances, needs and skillset of young performers and use this information as a platform for deploying individualised, timely and developmentally appropriate challenges along with relative support to ensure optimal learning and growth from them.

Post-traumatic growth experiences of emergency and critical care nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Objective: The previous coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) epidemic inflicted significant psychological trauma on emergency and critical care nurses due to various factors, potentially leading to job burnout. Despite the rise of positive psychology, little is known about the post-traumatic growth experience of these nurses after the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the experience of post-traumatic growth among emergency and critical care nurses, in order to provide managerial insights for developing effective strategies and facilitating the transformation of nurses' negative emotions into positive ones. Design: A qualitative review. Data sources: PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, Elsvier, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid and Chinese databases include the following: Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database (CECDB), VIP Database and China Biomedical Database (CBM). Review methods: All articles about emergency and critical care nurses' post-traumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic were included after searching and screening 13 databases. The meta-synthesis method was used to integrate and evaluate the included literature in qualitative research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used as a basis for reporting the review. The literature was selected and evaluated by two researchers, and then meta-integration was used for analysis. Results: From a total of 11 articles, 90 main results were presented, eight new categories were integrated, and three themes were formed: stress period, adjustment period and growth period. These three themes include eight sub-themes: negative emotion, psychological gap, self adjusting, social support, improvement of personal ability, increased sense of professional belonging, spiritual awakening and extended thinking, look ahead. Conclusion: Post-traumatic growth in emergency and critical care nurses is dynamic. Managers should monitor the psychological changes experienced by emergency and critical care nurses following traumatic events, offering targeted support at different stages, providing enhanced professional development opportunities, refining management strategies, guiding nurses in self-adjustment and active coping with trauma, and promoting their physical and mental well-being to ensure a positive mindset for effectively addressing future public health crises.