Exploration of Therapeutic Strategies of Herbal Prescriptions for Carbuncle Treatment to Suggest Modern Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cluster and Network Analyses of the Book «Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang¼.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments in East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) originate from principles for treating abscesses and carbuncles. Understanding the therapeutic principles of Liu Juan Zi Gui Yi Fang (GYF) is essential for optimizing EATM treatment strategies for IBD, but quantitative analysis is lacking. This study aims to extract quantitative information on therapeutic strategies from GYF and present the EATM conceptual framework for IBD treatment. Oral prescriptions for carbuncles were selected, and their constituent herbs and indications were standardized and tokenized for analysis. An EATM expert group classified prescriptions based on the similarity of herbs and indications. Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses were performed based on herb similarity. The herb-indication (H-I) network for all prescriptions was constructed. Additionally, H-I subnetworks based on the expert group's classifications and the k-means clustering results were constructed and compared to identify treatment goals and the herbs used for each goal. The results showed that the treatment focused on abscess status, wound healing, and patient's recovery capacity, with 'fever' and 'deficiency' as the main indications addressed by tonifying and anti-inflammatory herbs. The therapeutic principles identified in this study can serve as a foundation for developing future herbal intervention units. Further preclinical and clinical research is needed to validate these findings.

Erratum: OPRA-RS: A hearing-aid fitting method based on automatic speech recognition and random search.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.779048.].

OPRA-RS: A Hearing-Aid Fitting Method Based on Automatic Speech Recognition and Random Search.

Hearing-aid (HA) prescription rules (such as NAL-NL2, DSL-v5, and CAM2) are used by HA audiologists to define initial HA settings (e.g., insertion gains, IGs) for patients. This initial fitting is later individually adjusted for each patient to improve clinical outcomes in terms of speech intelligibility and listening comfort. During this fine-tuning stage, speech-intelligibility tests are often carried out with the patient to assess the benefits associated with different HA settings. As these tests tend to be time-consuming and performance on them depends on the patient's level of fatigue and familiarity with the test material, only a limited number of HA settings can be explored. Consequently, it is likely that a suboptimal fitting is used for the patient. Recent studies have shown that automatic speech recognition (ASR) can be used to predict the effects of IGs on speech intelligibility for patients with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). The aim of the present study was to extend this approach by optimizing, in addition to IGs, compression thresholds (CTs). However, increasing the number of parameters to be fitted increases exponentially the number of configurations to be assessed. To limit the number of HA settings to be tested, three random-search (RS) genetic algorithms were used. The resulting new HA fitting method, combining ASR and RS, is referred to as "objective prescription rule based on ASR and random search" (OPRA-RS). Optimal HA settings were computed for 12 audiograms, representing average and individual audiometric profiles typical for various levels of ARHL severity, and associated ASR performances were compared to those obtained with the settings recommended by CAM2. Each RS algorithm was run twice to assess its reliability. For all RS algorithms, ASR scores obtained with OPRA-RS were significantly higher than those associated with CAM2. Each RS algorithm converged on similar optimal HA settings across repetitions. However, significant differences were observed between RS algorithms in terms of maximum ASR performance and processing costs. These promising results open the way to the use of ASR and RS algorithms for the fine-tuning of HAs with potential speech-intelligibility benefits for the patient.

Prescription rule of Chinese medicine patents for heart failure / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the medication regularity and prescription rule of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of cardiac failure.Methods:The China Patent Publication Notice of the State Intellectual Property Office (http://epub.sipo.gov.cn/) was rearched and retrievedfor Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of heart failure. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inheritance support system (V 2.5) was used to input the prescription information and establish the database. The association rules, mutual information method, entropy clustering of complex systems and other data mining methods were used for commonly used drugs, combination rule and new prescription of core group.Results:A total of 101 prescriptions were included, involving 316 drugs. The frequency of commonly used drugs were Astragali Radix (59.41%), Poria (41.58%), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (40.59%), Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen (34.65%), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (33.66%), and the medicinal properties were mainly warm, and the sweet taste. The main flavors weresweet, bitterness, and pungency, and the main sources of meridians belonged to liver, spleen, heart, lungs and kidneys. The most commonly used drug combinations contribute to supplement Qi, invigorate blood circulation and stasis, warm Yang, remove moisture. There were 12 core drug groups and 6 new prescriptions for heart failure. Conclusions:Analysis on formulas for heart failure shows that the prescriptions focus on supplementing qi and activating blood circulation, warming Yang reducing dampness, invigorating spleen, and nourishing Yin, dispel turbid, solid Yang. It can provide reference for clinical treatment to improve curative effect and standardize prescription medication.

Prescription rules for prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus drug pair based on TCM inheritance support platform / 中草药

Objective: To explore the combination rule of Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus drug pair through the research in "Pharmaceutical Standard of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China-Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation", so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new product development of this pair. Methods: The prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus were collected from Pharmaceutical Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China-TCM Formulation and input into TCM inheritance support platform software (V2.5) to establish the database. The frequency of attending diseases, compatibility medicinal materials, and meridian of drug were analyzed statistically. The core combination of medicinal materials in the prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus were analyzed statistically with association rule Apriori algorithm (support degrees were 10%, 20%, 30%, confidence was 0.90). Meridian of drug with higher compatibility frequency were selected and analyzed in respect of prescription rules. Results: A total of 51 prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus were screened, eight kinds of attending diseases (frequency≥2), such as stomachache, hypochondriac pain, leukorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, menstrual disorder, etc. Nine kinds of attending syndrome (frequency≥2) were included such as liver-stomach disharmony, syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis, syndrome of liver depression and qi stagnation, syndrome of liver depression and blood deficiency, syndrome of blood-heat in uterus, etc. There were 17 commonly used compatibility medicinal materials (frequency≥5), including Paeoniae Radix Alba, Aucklandiae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Cyperi Rhizoma etc. There were 20 commonly used medicinal materials combinations (frequency≥6), including Corydalis Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Cyperi Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus. Meridian of drug with higher compatibility frequency was distributed to liver, spleen and stomach channel tropism. There were five kinds of core medicinal materials commonly acted on the liver meridian with Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus, including Aucklandiae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Amomi Fructus, and Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum. There were commonly used core medicinal materials combinations (frequency≥7), including Corydalis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Paeoniae Radix Alba-Aucklandiae Radix-Toosendan Fructus. There were three kinds of core medicinal materials commonly acted on the spleen meridian and the stomach meridian with Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus, including Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomi Fructus. There were commonly used core medicinal materials combinations (frequency≥4), including Corydalis Rhizoma-Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Aucklandiae Radix-Toosendan Fructus, Corydalis Rhizoma-Amomi Fructus-Toosendan Fructus. Conclusions: Herbal medicines used frequently in prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus can regulate qi flowing for relieving pain. The medicine using is relatively concentrated, and the composition is clear. In addition, Prescription rules of three kinds of meridian prescriptions were chosen to make comparative analysis, and the compatibility features of the prescriptions containing Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus was reflected in different meridian of drug and the composing principles. This study also can provide theoretical basis for treating different diseases with same method and the better application of Corydalis Rhizoma-Toosendan Fructus in clinical practice.

Advances in Research on Antipruritic Effect of Xiaofengsan in Orthodox Manual of External Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Itching is an unpleasant sensation that can cause physical and psychological discomfort. It often occurs in a variety of diseases. In addition to the common chemical medicines, the application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) have attracted much attention for itch. As one of the classic antipruritic formula, Xiaofengsan is widely used by the later generations of doctors based on the edition of Orthodox Manual of External Diseases(Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng). It can be used to remove wind, dehumidify, clear heat and nourish blood by taking into account the complicated pathogenesis of skin diseases. In modern clinics, Xiaofengsan is commonly used for the treatment of rubella, eczema, acute and chronic urticaria, contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, psoriasis and other types of dermatitis with remarkable antipruritic effect. Its mechanism is related to its anti-allergic reaction, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine,immune regulation etc. This article reviews the research literature of Xiaofengsan and its addition and subtraction in modern pharmacological experimental research and clinical treatment in the past 15 years, and analyzes the current research situation of Xiaofengsan in the topic of antipruritic effect. The focus is on the compatibility characteristics of formula and the component study of single herb after being decomposed of Xiaofengsan, and the main material basis of antipruritic effect is summarized. It was found that Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Arctii Fructus, Cicadae Periostracum and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were the main medicines for its antipruritic effect,which was helpful to expand the clinical value of Xiaofengsan and deepen its mechanisms of anti-itching.

Prescription Rules for the Prescriptions Containing Coptis chinensis-Zingber ojjicinale Couplet Medicine Based on TCM Inheritance Support Platform / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the following products of Coptis chinensis- Zingiber ojjicinale couplet medicine （“Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale” for short） prescription. METHODS： The prescriptions containing Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale were collected from the Dictionary of TCM Prescription and input into TCM inheritance support platform software （V2.5） to establish the database. The frequency of major diseases and compatibility medicinal materials were analyzed statistically. The core combination of medicinal materials in the prescriptions containing Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale were analyzed statistically with association rule Apriori algorithm （support degrees were 15％， 20％， 25％， confidence was 0.90）. Top 2 main diseases in the list of frequency， compatibility medicinal materials for dispelling internal cold and medicine for clearing heat with highest compatibility frequency were selected and analyzed in respect of prescription rules. RESULTS： A total of 492 prescriptions containing Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale were screened， 9 kinds of major diseases （frequency≥15）， such as dysentery， diarrhea， accumulation， fullness. There were 21 commonly used compatibility medicinal materials （frequency≥55）， including Angelica sinensis-Panax ginseng， Magnolia officinalis， Aconitum carmichaelii， Scutellaria baicalensis， etc. There were 19 commonly used medicinal materials combinations， including Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale-Panax ginseng， Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale- Magnolia officinalis， Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale-Angelica sinensis. There are 5 kinds of core medicinal materials commonly used in treating dysentery with Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale，and 9 kinds of core medicinal materials for treating dysentery. There are 8 kinds of core medicinal materials in Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale compatible with medicine for dispelling internal cold Aconitum carmichaelii prescription.and 7 core medicinal materials in compatible with medicine for clearing heat Scutellaria baicalensis prescription. CONCLUSIONS： The major diseases treated with prescriptions containing Coptis chinensis-Zingiber ojjicinale are mainly digestive tract diseases. It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials， this study aslo can provide theoretical basis for the development of subsequent products.

[Analysis on medication regularity and action mechanism of Tibetan medicine in treatment of spleen and stomach diseases based on data mining and integrated pharmacology].

To explore the medication regularity of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, analyze the potential drug targets and interactions of the prescriptions, and reveal the mechanism of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. The prescriptions in Tibetan medicine for treatment of spleen and stomach diseases were collected, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was used to analyze the association rules between the herbs and discover the core herbs and new prescriptions. The integrated pharmacology platform V1.0 software was used to construct "herb-compound-target" network and investigate the interactions between various herbs and related pathways of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Shiliu powder in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. Among the 216 prescriptions of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, pomegranate seed was used at a highest frequency (118 times), followed by white cardamom (107 times) and comatose (107 times). 12 new prescriptions were evolved by using the association rules (support>=34%, confidence>=0.85). 5 242 related drug targets and 20 related pathways were obtained from classic formula Wuwei Shiliu Powder (FDR<0.01). It was proposed that Tibetan medicine treatment for spleen and stomach diseases was mainly based on proliferation of "stomach fire" and the main drugs were for regulating Qi-flowing for strengthening spleen. The mechanism may be associated with regulation of digestive juice secretion, proton pump, mitochondria, regulation of intestinal digestion and immunity, the body's immunity to microorganisms function and other multiple targets and pathways to achieve the joint intervention.

[Complex network analysis of law on Chinese herbal drugs intervention on radiation induced lung injury].

To mainly analyze the prescription rules of Chinese herbal drugs for radiation induced lung injury, optimize the prescriptions, and provide a reference for the clinical treatment of radiation induced lung injury. The major Chinese databases CNKI, CBM and Wanfang data were searched to obtain the literature on Chinese herbal drugs for radiation induced lung injury. BICOMS 2 software was used to extract and collect all Chinese herbal drugs information and generate the co-occurrence matrix; NetDraw and Gcluto software were then used to make network map and visualization matrix for analysis. A total of 552 articles (19 types and 304 Chinese herbal drugs) were included. Ophiopogon japonicus had the highest frequency (229 times), followed by Astragalus membranaceus(181 times), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (166 times), and Scutellaria baicalensis (150 times). After the classification of efficacy, deficiency-supplementing medicinal (69 kinds of Chinese herbs), heat-clearing medicine (51 kinds of Chinese herbs) and phlegm cough medicine (42 kinds of Chinese herbs) accounted for 53.29% of all the Chinese herbs, acting in the main position. After the prescription analysis for the top 25 herbal prescriptions, six main structures of common prescriptions were found for the treatment of radiation induced lung injury. There are many kinds of Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of radiation induced lung injury in clinical application. In the future, researchers can mainly focus on Ophiopogon japonicus etc. as the main drugs, combine with other high-frequency Chinese herbal drugs found in this study, or directly refer to the main structures of commonly used prescriptions found in this analysis.

Complex network analysis of law on Chinese herbal drugs intervention on radiation induced lung injury / 中国中药杂志

To mainly analyze the prescription rules of Chinese herbal drugs for radiation induced lung injury, optimize the prescriptions, and provide a reference for the clinical treatment of radiation induced lung injury. The major Chinese databases CNKI, CBM and Wanfang data were searched to obtain the literature on Chinese herbal drugs for radiation induced lung injury. BICOMS 2 software was used to extract and collect all Chinese herbal drugs information and generate the co-occurrence matrix; NetDraw and Gcluto software were then used to make network map and visualization matrix for analysis. A total of 552 articles (19 types and 304 Chinese herbal drugs) were included. Ophiopogon japonicus had the highest frequency (229 times), followed by Astragalus membranaceus(181 times), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (166 times), and Scutellaria baicalensis (150 times). After the classification of efficacy, deficiency-supplementing medicinal (69 kinds of Chinese herbs), heat-clearing medicine (51 kinds of Chinese herbs) and phlegm cough medicine (42 kinds of Chinese herbs) accounted for 53.29% of all the Chinese herbs, acting in the main position. After the prescription analysis for the top 25 herbal prescriptions, six main structures of common prescriptions were found for the treatment of radiation induced lung injury. There are many kinds of Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of radiation induced lung injury in clinical application. In the future, researchers can mainly focus on Ophiopogon japonicus etc. as the main drugs, combine with other high-frequency Chinese herbal drugs found in this study, or directly refer to the main structures of commonly used prescriptions found in this analysis.

Analysis on medication regularity and action mechanism of Tibetan medicine in treatment of spleen and stomach diseases based on data mining and integrated pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To explore the medication regularity of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, analyze the potential drug targets and interactions of the prescriptions, and reveal the mechanism of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. The prescriptions in Tibetan medicine for treatment of spleen and stomach diseases were collected, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was used to analyze the association rules between the herbs and discover the core herbs and new prescriptions. The integrated pharmacology platform V1.0 software was used to construct "herb-compound-target" network and investigate the interactions between various herbs and related pathways of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Shiliu powder in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. Among the 216 prescriptions of Tibetan medicine in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, pomegranate seed was used at a highest frequency (118 times), followed by white cardamom (107 times) and comatose (107 times). 12 new prescriptions were evolved by using the association rules (support>=34%, confidence>=0.85). 5 242 related drug targets and 20 related pathways were obtained from classic formula Wuwei Shiliu Powder (FDR<0.01). It was proposed that Tibetan medicine treatment for spleen and stomach diseases was mainly based on proliferation of "stomach fire" and the main drugs were for regulating Qi-flowing for strengthening spleen. The mechanism may be associated with regulation of digestive juice secretion, proton pump, mitochondria, regulation of intestinal digestion and immunity, the body's immunity to microorganisms function and other multiple targets and pathways to achieve the joint intervention.

Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Professor Niu Jianzhao's Medication Rule in Prescriptions with Climacteric Syndrome Based on Data Mining / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to explore traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) professor Niu Jianzhao's medication rule in prescription with climacteric syndrome.Prescriptions treating climacteric syndrome that built by professor Niu were collected to build a database based on TCM Inheritance Assist System.The method of association rules with apriori algorithm was used to achieve frequency of single medicine,nature,taste and channel tropism of herbs,frequency of drug combination,association rules between herbs and core herb combinations.The data mining results showed 22 types of herbs used with high frequency,28 pairs of herb combination with most frequency,20 groups of herb association rules with the confidence of more than 0.95,52 herb pairs with high association,32 groups of three herbs as the core combinations,and 7 new prescriptions.It was concluded that in professor Niu Jianzhao's treatment of climacteric syndrome,the drugs were commonly used to invigorate the kidney,liver and spleen,and in combination with promoting blood circulation and calming the nerves.The medicinal properties of used herbs were even,warm or slightly cold.The tastes of used herbs were sweet,bitter and spicy.The channel tropisms of used herbs were the liver,kidney and lung meridian.This study highlighted data mining as an important tool for expedited analysis of TCM professor Niu Jianzhao's medication rules in prescriptions with climacteric syndrome.

[Prescription rules of preparations containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug].

To analyze the prescription rules of preparations containing Crataegi Fructus in the drug standards of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Public Health-Chinese Patent Drug(hereinafter referred to as Chinese patent drug), and provide some references for clinical application and the research and development of new medicines. Based on TCMISS(V2.5), the prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug were collected to build the database; association rules, frequency statistics and other data mining methods were used to analyze the disease syndrome, common drug compatibility and prescription rules. There were a total of 308 prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus, involving 499 kinds of Chinese medicines, 34 commonly used drug combinations, and mainly for 18 kinds of diseases. Drug combination analysis was done with "Crataegi Fructus-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium" and "Crataegi Fructus-Poria" as the high-frequency herb pairs and with "stagnation" and "diarrhea" as the high-frequency diseases. The results indicated that the Crataegi Fructus in different herb pairs had a roughly same function, and its therapy effect was different in different diseases. The prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug had the effect of digestion, and they were widely used in clinical application, often used together with spleen-strengthening medicines to achieve different treatment effects; the prescription rules reflected the prescription characteristics of Crataegi Fructus for different diseases, providing a basis for its clinically scientific application and the research and development of new medicines.

[Medicinal laws and application examples of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for multiple aorto-arteritis].

To collect the literature on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), establish prescriptions database after screening and normalizing the prescriptions reported in these literature, and analyze their medicinal rules by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system. A total of 126 prescriptions for multiple aorto-arteritis were screened, containing 212 kinds of Chinese herbs. 26 core herb combinations were obtained by analysis of the commonly used herbs and their use frequencies. The treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis was manly of tonifying qi to nourish blood, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, warming yang to dredge collaterals, and four new prescriptions were obtained. On this basis, two clinical cases were taken as the examples by analyzing the medicinal rules and the features of multiple aorto-arteritis. The first case showed that the herb combination of this study conformed to the basic core drug application mode and the core pathogenesis of multiple aorto-arteritis. The second case reflected the characteristics of the new prescriptions' herb combinations based on entropy hierarchical clustering. The practical analysis of the two clinical cases further indicated the reliability of the results. This study has certain guiding significance and reference value on new medicine research and development as well as clinical traditional Chinese medicine treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis.

Recent progress in applying network pharmacology to research of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Chinese materia medica (CMM) has the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, which are coincided with the theory of network pharmacology. Therefore, applying network pharmacology to CMM researches will be helpful to explain the effects of CMM in the treatment of complex diseases holistically and systematically. In this paper, the recent progress in the applications of network pharmacology in CMM studies has been reviewed, including prediction and identification of targets and core bioactive components, clarification of the mechanism of action, explanation of the prescription composition rules, development of new indications, discovery of new active compounds and the combined application of network pharmacology and omics technologies, so as to accelerate the extensive applications of this new technology.

Prescription rules of preparations containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the prescription rules of preparations containing Crataegi Fructus in the drug standards of the People's Republic of China Ministry of Public Health-Chinese Patent Drug(hereinafter referred to as Chinese patent drug), and provide some references for clinical application and the research and development of new medicines. Based on TCMISS(V2.5), the prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug were collected to build the database; association rules, frequency statistics and other data mining methods were used to analyze the disease syndrome, common drug compatibility and prescription rules. There were a total of 308 prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus, involving 499 kinds of Chinese medicines, 34 commonly used drug combinations, and mainly for 18 kinds of diseases. Drug combination analysis was done with "Crataegi Fructus-Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium" and "Crataegi Fructus-Poria" as the high-frequency herb pairs and with "stagnation" and "diarrhea" as the high-frequency diseases. The results indicated that the Crataegi Fructus in different herb pairs had a roughly same function, and its therapy effect was different in different diseases. The prescriptions containing Crataegi Fructus in Chinese patent drug had the effect of digestion, and they were widely used in clinical application, often used together with spleen-strengthening medicines to achieve different treatment effects; the prescription rules reflected the prescription characteristics of Crataegi Fructus for different diseases, providing a basis for its clinically scientific application and the research and development of new medicines.

Medicinal laws and application examples of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for multiple aorto-arteritis / 中国中药杂志

To collect the literature on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), establish prescriptions database after screening and normalizing the prescriptions reported in these literature, and analyze their medicinal rules by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system. A total of 126 prescriptions for multiple aorto-arteritis were screened, containing 212 kinds of Chinese herbs. 26 core herb combinations were obtained by analysis of the commonly used herbs and their use frequencies. The treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis was manly of tonifying qi to nourish blood, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, warming yang to dredge collaterals, and four new prescriptions were obtained. On this basis, two clinical cases were taken as the examples by analyzing the medicinal rules and the features of multiple aorto-arteritis. The first case showed that the herb combination of this study conformed to the basic core drug application mode and the core pathogenesis of multiple aorto-arteritis. The second case reflected the characteristics of the new prescriptions' herb combinations based on entropy hierarchical clustering. The practical analysis of the two clinical cases further indicated the reliability of the results. This study has certain guiding significance and reference value on new medicine research and development as well as clinical traditional Chinese medicine treatment for multiple aorto-arteritis.