Correlation between Acetabular Anteversion with a False-Profile View and Spinopelvic Parameters in Adult Spinal Deformity after Long-Segment Corrective Spinal Surgery.

Introduction: Studies describing the relationship between the hip and spine have reported that corrective spinal surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) affects the orientation of the acetabulum. However, the extent to which spinal correction in ASD affects acetabular anteversion in the standing position is unclear, especially after total hip arthroplasty, for which dislocation is a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in anterior acetabular coverage in the upright position due to extensive correction surgery for ASD. Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients who had undergone spinal corrective surgery from the thoracolumbar region to the pelvis were enrolled and evaluated. The ventral-central-acetabular (VCA) angle and anterior acetabular head index (AAHI) were measured with a false-profile view to evaluate the relationship between acetabular anteversion in the standing position and spinopelvic parameters before and after surgery. The spinopelvic parameters measured included thoracic kyphosis, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope, lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis, and global tilt. Results: The VCA angle and AAHI were significantly increased after spinal deformity correction (p<0.001). The changes in LL and PT were correlated with the VCA angle (LL: right, ρ=0.56; left, ρ=0.55, p<0.001; PT: right, ρ=-0.59; left, ρ=-0.64, p<0.001) and AAHI (LL: right, ρ=0.51; left, ρ=0.58, p<0.01; PT: right, ρ=-0.52; left, ρ=-0.59, p<0.01), respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed that a 10° increase in LL results in 1.4°-1.9° and 1.6%-2% increases in the VCA angle and AAHI, respectively. Conclusions: Surgical correction for ASD significantly affects sagittal spinopelvic parameters, resulting in increased acetabular anteversion. The anterior coverage of the acetabulum in the postoperative standing position could be predicted with the intraoperatively measured LL, and evaluation using a false-profile was considered useful for treating ASD, particularly in patients after total hip arthroplasty.

An Experimental Study on Esthetic Preference and Satisfaction of Lip Position with Various Facial Divergences among the South Indian Population.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the most and least pleasing lip position and to evaluate esthetic preference in profile view among the South Indian population with diverse facial divergence. Materials and Methods: Photographs of 12 participants with an average lip position were taken, and original lip position (Image C) was altered by ± 2 mm and ± 4 mm from the original position of upper and lower lips using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 version. Image A and Image B comprised photographs with retrusive lips of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and Image D and Image E comprised photographs with protrusive lips of 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The altered photographs were evaluated for pleasing lip positions by 300 examiners which comprised 102 orthodontists, 107 general dentists, and 91 laypersons. Results: A questionnaire was conducted through Google Forms, and the examiners favored Image C with an average lip position as the most desired lip position, whereas Image E with 4-mm lip protrusion and Image A with 4-mm lip retrusion were the least desired irrespective of gender or facial divergence. Conclusion: Importance to establish appropriate soft-tissue esthetics is the primary concern of an orthodontic treatment.

Emotion Recognition of Facial Expressions Presented in Profile.

AIM OF THE RESEARCH: The literature on emotion recognition from facial expressions shows significant differences in recognition ability depending on the proposed stimulus. Indeed, affective information is not distributed uniformly in the face and recent studies showed the importance of the mouth and the eye regions for a correct recognition. However, previous studies used mainly facial expressions presented frontally and studies which used facial expressions in profile view used a between-subjects design or children faces as stimuli. The present research aims to investigate differences in emotion recognition between faces presented in frontal and in profile views by using a within subjects experimental design. METHOD: The sample comprised 132 Italian university students (88 female, Mage = 24.27 years, SD = 5.89). Face stimuli displayed both frontally and in profile were selected from the KDEF set. Two emotion-specific recognition accuracy scores, viz., frontal and in profile, were computed from the average of correct responses for each emotional expression. In addition, viewing times and response times (RT) were registered. RESULTS: Frontally presented facial expressions of fear, anger, and sadness were significantly better recognized than facial expressions of the same emotions in profile while no differences were found in the recognition of the other emotions. Longer viewing times were also found when faces expressing fear and anger were presented in profile. In the present study, an impairment in recognition accuracy was observed only for those emotions which rely mostly on the eye regions.

Relationship of anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors with the forehead in an adult Iranian subpopulation: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship of the anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors with the forehead in an Iranian subpopulation residing in Kermanshah city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 12 orthodontists were requested to analyse full-smile profile photographs with complete maxillary incisor and forehead show in 70 patients with optimal facial harmony (35 males and 35 females) as the control group and 140 patients without optimal facial harmony (70 males and 70 females) as the test group. The inclusion criteria were (I) males and females between 18-60 years seeking orthodontic treatment and (II) willingness for participation in the study. The exclusion criteria were (I) presence of severe craniofacial anomalies, and (II) history of orthodontic treatment. The photographs were traced and analysed using Digimizer Image Analysis software 5.3.5. Data were analysed using STATA version 14.2 via independent t-test and linear regression. RESULTS: A significant difference existed in the anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors in males between the test and control groups (P=0.002). However, this difference was not significant in females of the two groups (P=0.77). A significant difference was noted in the anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors between males and females in the test group (P=0.001) but not in the control group (P=0.80). The frontal angle had a significant correlation with gender and anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors in both groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors was significantly different in the test and control groups. The maxillary incisors in males were more retruded than in females. Also, the frontal angle had a significant correlation with the anteroposterior position of maxillary incisors, and by 1° increase in the frontal angle, the incisors were protruded by averagely 0.307mm.

False profile view is independently associated with serum metal levels in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: Elevated levels of serum metal ions can be found in some patients with metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements. This study seeks to identify whether there is a significant association between the contact patch to rim distance (CPRD) and the anterior center edge angle (ACEA), respectively, and serum cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels in patients treated with unilateral MoM hip replacements by using standing anteroposterior and false profile view radiographs. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis on 53 patients with either unilateral ReCap or M2a-Magnum MoM hip replacements operated in 2006 or 2007. Univariate linear regression and multivariable linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed using the CPRD and ACEA along with risk factors for elevated serum levels of Co and Cr previously suggested in the literature as explanatory variables. Serum Co and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The MLR model showed that the same three variables (gender, CPRD and ACEA) were significantly associated with serum levels of both Co and Cr explaining approximately half of the variation. A univariate analysis showed a polynomial association between both anteversion angle and the ACEA with serum levels of Co and Cr. The vertex of the polynomial function was located at approximately 20° and 40°, respectively. CONCLUSION: Gender, CPRD and ACEA are independently associated with serum levels of Co and Cr. Both ACEA and anteversion angles have optimae associated with low serum metal levels which may be useful for post-surgery evaluation of cup positioning.

Anterior-Posterior (AP) Calcaneal Profile View: A Novel Radiographic Image to Assess Varus Malalignment.

BACKGROUND: Assessing and correcting malalignment is important when treating calcaneus fractures. The Harris axial view is commonly utilized to assess varus deformity but may be inherently inaccurate due to its tangential nature. The anterior-posterior (AP) calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. METHODS: Five nonpaired ankle cadaveric specimens were used in this investigation. Oblique osteotomies were created in relation to the long axis, and varus deformities were produced by inserting solid radiolucent wedges into the osteotomies to create models of 10, 20, and 30 degrees of angulation of the calcaneal tuberosity. Specimens were imaged using both the Harris axial view and the AP calcaneal profile view. RESULTS: For cadavers with 10 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 10.9 ± 4.8 (range, 5.5-16.0) degrees and 13.0 ± 5.5 (range, 7.3-20.9) degrees, respectively. For cadavers with 20 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 11.5 ± 2 (range, 8.2-13.6) degrees and 18.1 ± 4.8 (range, 11.7-23.5) degrees, respectively (P = .005). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle (P = .012) and actual angulation (P = .011). For cadavers with 30 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 18.3 ± 4.3 (range, 13.3-23.6) degrees and 28.3 ± 2.9 (range, 24.4-31.1) degrees, respectively (P < .001). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle (P = .001) and actual angulation (P < .001). There was no significant difference between the AP calcaneal profile view angle and actual angulation (P > .999). CONCLUSION: The AP calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. While both views demonstrated similar measurement error for lesser degrees of varus malalignment, the AP calcaneal profile view demonstrated more accurate measurement of increasing heel varus compared with the Harris view. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The AP calcaneal profile view could be used in addition to other radiographic views when treating displaced, intra-articular calcaneus fractures to help optimize correction of hindfoot alignment.

Utility of False Profile View for Screening of Ischiofemoral Impingement.

PURPOSE: Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI)-primarily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-is an easily overlooked disease due to its low incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of false profile view as a screening test for IFI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with IFI between June 2013 and July 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A control group (n=58) with matching propensity scores (age, gender, and body mass index) were also included. Ischiofemoral space (IFS) was measured as the shortest distance between the lateral cortex of the ischium and the medial cortex of lesser trochanter in weight bearing hip anteroposterior (AP) view and false profile view. MRI was used to measure IFS and quadratus femoris space (QFS). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC) and cutoff point of the IFS were measured by false profile images, and the correlation between the IFS and QFS was analyzed using the MRI scans. RESULTS: In the false profile view and hip AP view, patients with IFI had significantly decreased IFS (P<0.01). In the false profile view, ROC AUC (0.967) was higher than in the hip AP view (0.841). Cutoff value for differential diagnosis of IFI in the false profile view was 10.3 mm (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 88.4%). IFS correlated with IFS (r=0.744) QFS (0.740) in MRI and IFS (0.621) in hip AP view (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: IFS on false profile view can be used as a screening tool for potential IFI.

Automatic Infants' Pain Assessment by Dynamic Facial Representation: Effects of Profile View, Gestational Age, Gender, and Race.

Infants' early exposure to painful procedures can have negative short and long-term effects on cognitive, neurological, and brain development. However, infants cannot express their subjective pain experience, as they do not communicate in any language. Facial expression is the most specific pain indicator, which has been effectively employed for automatic pain recognition. In this paper, dynamic pain facial expression representation and fusion scheme for automatic pain assessment in infants is proposed by combining temporal appearance facial features and temporal geometric facial features. We investigate the effects of various factors that influence pain reactivity in infants, such as individual variables of gestational age, gender, and race. Different automatic infant pain assessment models are constructed, depending on influence factors as well as facial profile view, which affect the model ability of pain recognition. It can be concluded that the profile-based infant pain assessment is feasible, as its performance is almost as good as that of the whole face. Moreover, gestational age is the most influencing factor for pain assessment, and it is necessary to construct specific models depending on it. This is mainly because of a lack of behavioral communication ability in infants with low gestational age, due to limited neurological development. To our best knowledge, this is the first study investigating infants' pain recognition, highlighting profile facial views and various individual variables.

Unfamiliar Face Matching With Frontal and Profile Views.

Research has systematically examined how laboratory participants and real-world practitioners decide whether two face photographs show the same person or not using frontal images. In contrast, research has not examined face matching using profile images. In Experiment 1, we ask whether matching unfamiliar faces is easier with frontal compared with profile views. Participants completed the original, frontal version of the Glasgow Face Matching Test, and also an adapted version where all face pairs were presented in profile. There was no difference in performance across the two tasks, suggesting that both views were similarly useful for face matching. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether matching unfamiliar faces is improved when both frontal and profile views are provided. We compared face matching accuracy when both a frontal and a profile image of each face were presented, with accuracy using each view alone. Surprisingly, we found no benefit when both views were presented together in either experiment. Overall, these results suggest that either frontal or profile views provide substantially overlapping information regarding identity or participants are unable to utilise both sources of information when making decisions. Each of these conclusions has important implications for face matching research and real-world identification development.

Utility of False Profile View for Screening of Ischiofemoral Impingement / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI)-primarily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-is an easily overlooked disease due to its low incidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of false profile view as a screening test for IFI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients diagnosed with IFI between June 2013 and July 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. A control group (n=58) with matching propensity scores (age, gender, and body mass index) were also included. Ischiofemoral space (IFS) was measured as the shortest distance between the lateral cortex of the ischium and the medial cortex of lesser trochanter in weight bearing hip anteroposterior (AP) view and false profile view. MRI was used to measure IFS and quadratus femoris space (QFS). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the ROC curve (AUC) and cutoff point of the IFS were measured by false profile images, and the correlation between the IFS and QFS was analyzed using the MRI scans. RESULTS: In the false profile view and hip AP view, patients with IFI had significantly decreased IFS (P < 0.01). In the false profile view, ROC AUC (0.967) was higher than in the hip AP view (0.841). Cutoff value for differential diagnosis of IFI in the false profile view was 10.3 mm (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 88.4%). IFS correlated with IFS (r=0.744) QFS (0.740) in MRI and IFS (0.621) in hip AP view (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: IFS on false profile view can be used as a screening tool for potential IFI.

Bony defects in chronic anterior posttraumatic dislocation of the shoulder: Is there a correlation between humeral and glenoidal lesions?

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of combined humeral and glenoid defects varies between 79 and 84 % in case of chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between humeral and glenoid defects based on quantitative radiological criteria. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed between 2000 and 2011 including patients who underwent primary surgical shoulder stabilization for chronic posttraumatic anterior shoulder instability, with bone defects in both the glenoid and humerus and a healthy contralateral shoulder. The following measurements were taken: D/R ratio (Hill-Sachs lesion depth/humeral head radius) on an AP X-ray in internal rotation and the D1/D2 ratio [diameter of the involved glenoid articular surfaces (D1)/the healthy one (D2)] on a comparative Bernageau glenoid profile view. Measurements were taken by two observers. Correlations were determined by the Spearman correlation coefficients (r), Bland and Altman diagrams, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). A sample size calculation was done. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included, 25 men/5 women, mean age 29.8 ± 11.2 years. The mean D/R was 23 ± 12 % for observer 1 and 23 ± 10 % for observer 2. The mean D1/D2 was 95 ± 4 % for observer 1 and 94 ± 6 % for observer 2. No significant correlation was found between humeral and glenoid bone defects by observer 1 (r = 0.23, p = 0.22) or observer 2 (r = 0.05, p = 0.78). Agreement of the observers for the D/R ratio was excellent (ICC = 0.89 ± 0.04, p < 0.00001) and good for the D1/D2 ratio (ICC = 0.54 ± 0.14, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Humeral and glenoid bone defects were not correlated. Inter-observer reliability was excellent for the D/R ratio and good for the D1/D2 ratio. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Nonconsecutive Patients, Diagnostic Study, Level III.

A cephalometric analysis on esthetic facial soft tissue of Korean young adult female / 대한치과교정학회지

Cephalometric radiographs, frontal photographs and profile silhouette phogographs of 68 young adult female who were model or were recommended to have esthetic face were used in this study. 7 Students in department of Art of Kyungpook national university and 15 orthodontists estimated profile slides which were made of 3 Profile silhouettes in parallel with FH plane. Profile silhouettes were made of soft tissue profile line of cephalometric radiograph. Only orthodontists estimated frontal photographs. Students and orthodontists score 9 in excellent case, score 7 in good case, score 5 in average case, score 3 in poor case. Correlation analysis between orthodontists' esthetic concept and Artists' esthetic concept, between frontal view esthetics and profile view esthetics which estimated by orthotontists, between profile view esthetics and profile measurements which consisted of measurements of 38 female who were scored above 5 mean score in profile silhouette by orthodontists were done. And the finding in this study indicated the following 1. Correlation between orthodontists' esthetic concept and Artists' esthetic concept in profile silhouette was significant (r=0.67,P=0.0001). 2. Correlation between frontal view esthetics and profile view esthetics which estimated by orthodontist was significant (r=0.26,P=0.0381). 3. Measurements which had significant correlation between profile measurements and profile view esthetics wer Na-Pog, to N', BNV to Pog', BNV/B' -Pog', Ls-Li-Pog', Li-B'-Pog' Z angle(P<0.05). 4 Mean and standard deviation of profile measurements of 38 female were obtained.