RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The admission of minors into adult psychiatric units is a problem and is due to the lack of adequate resources and epidemiology data. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of minors that were admitted into the Short-Stay Psychiatric Hospitalisation Unit of Caceres, Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted on a sample of patients between 12 and 18 years-old admitted to the Psychiatric Unit. The study period was between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients, with a mean age of 15.72 (± 1.65) years, were included. Almost all of them (93.6%) had a personal psychiatric history. The most common diagnoses at discharge in males were disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, and mood disorders in females. A history of substance consumption was present in 40.6%, and was more common in males, which led to a worse prognosis. The mean stay was 5.4 (± 4.7) days. Prolongation of the mean stay was associated with a history of previous psychiatric admissions, the number of diagnoses at discharge, a greater number of drugs at discharge, and those that received long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs (p < 0.005 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS: The study identified the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the minor admitted to the Psychiatric Unit, and how the hospital stay was associated with previous psychiatric history, as well as diagnostic and clinical complexity.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Menores de Idade , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Alta do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , EspanhaRESUMO
El Programa API (Apoyo Psiquiatría Infantil), es un sistema colaborativo multimodal (telefónico y presencial), entre nivel primario (7 Consultorios) y secundario (Hospital Salvador, Valparaíso) de salud. Se presentan los resultados del estudio descriptivo prospectivo del Programa API durante 12 meses de funcionamiento, obtenidos desde los registros de consultoría telefónica y presencial. En un periodo de 12 meses se recibieron 105 llamadas telefónicas. De estas, 87% fueron hechas por psicólogos/as. Se indicó atención conjunta en 59% y derivación a nivel secundario en 16% de los llamados. Los psicólogos de los equipos de salud mental participantes, coinciden en ser quienes dirigen y recurren más a este sistema. Se resuelven la mayoría de las dudas, a través de sugerencia de hipótesis diagnósticas y de manejo. Se concluye que los profesionales de los CESFAM les interesa el apoyo del programa, facilitando el trabajo con niños y adolescentes con problemas de salud mental. Palabras claves: programa colaborativo, salud mental, telepsiquiatría, psiquiatría infantojuvenil
The API PROGRAM (Child Psychiatry Support) is a multimodal collaborative program (giving phonecall support and face-to-face collaboration), between 7 primary healthcare centers (PHC) and secondary level healthcare centers (Hospital del Salvador, Valparaiso. The objective of this study is to describe the API Program after 12 months of implementation. This is a descriptive and prospective study with follow up calls and face to face collaboration. After 12 months, 105 phone calls were received. Of these , 87% were made by psychologists. Joint consultation in PHC was suggested in 59% of calls and referral to secondary level was indicated in 16% of the incoming calls. Psychologists belonging to mental health teams were the professionals with the highest disposition to use the program. Most doubts are solved by telephone, through the suggestion of diagnostic hypotheses and management. PHC professionals seem very interested in the support provided by the API Program, facilitating their work with children and adolescents with mental health problems.Key words: mental Health, collaborative program, telepsychiatry, Child-juvenil Psychiatry
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Hospital Infantil Norte Docente "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba en el 2010, a fin de describir los factores relacionados con la conducta suicida en 26 de 31 adolescentes de 11 a 17 años, atendidos en dicha institución durante ese período. Se halló que el grupo más afectado fue el de 14-15 años, con primacía del sexo femenino. Entre los factores de riesgo predominantes figuraron, por citar los principales en la casuística: los maltratos físicos y psicológicos como las humillaciones efectuadas por los propios padres; la falta de redes de apoyo familiar en la mayoría de ellos; la ausencia de solución de sus problemas; la ingestión de medicamentos para suicidarse, fundamentalmente psicofármacos, así como la depresión y el consumo de alcohol como antecedentes patológicos familiares.
An observational, descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" Teaching Northern Pediatric Hospital from Santiago de Cuba province in 2010, in order to describe the factors related to the suicidal behavior in 26 of 31 adolescents from 11 to 17 years, assisted in this institution during that period. It was found that the most affected group was that of 14-15 years, with prevalence of the female sex. Among the predominant risk factors there were, as the main ones in the case material: the physical and psychological abuses as the humiliations carried out by parents; the lack of family support groups in most of them; the absence of solution to their problems; the drugs ingestion to commit suicide, fundamentally psychodrugs, as well as depression and the alcohol consumption as family pathological history.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Hospital Infantil Norte Docente Dr Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba en el 2010, a fin de describir los factores relacionados con la conducta suicida en 26 de 31 adolescentes de 11 a 17 años, atendidos en dicha institución durante ese período. Se halló que el grupo más afectado fue el de 14-15 años, con primacía del sexo femenino. Entre los factores de riesgo predominantes figuraron, por citar los principales en la casuística: los maltratos físicos y psicológicos como las humillaciones efectuadas por los propios padres; la falta de redes de apoyo familiar en la mayoría de ellos; la ausencia de solución de sus problemas; la ingestión de medicamentos para suicidarse, fundamentalmente psicofármacos, así como la depresión y el consumo de alcohol como antecedentes patológicos familiares(AU)
An observational, descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out in Dr Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Teaching Northern Pediatric Hospital from Santiago de Cuba province in 2010, in order to describe the factors related to the suicidal behavior in 26 of 31 adolescents from 11 to 17 years, assisted in this institution during that period. It was found that the most affected group was that of 14-15 years, with prevalence of the female sex. Among the predominant risk factors there were, as the main ones in the case material: the physical and psychological abuses as the humiliations carried out by parents; the lack of family support groups in most of them; the absence of solution to their problems; the drugs ingestion to commit suicide, fundamentally psychodrugs, as well as depression and the alcohol consumption as family pathological history(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Fatores de Risco , Psiquiatria do Adolescente , Relações Familiares , Assunção de Riscos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
Se discuten las bases conceptuales sobre las que asienta la psiquiatría infanto-juvenil considerando las claras divergencias que se plantean al definir salud y enfermedad mental. Se destaca que la mente no es simplemente un fenómeno biológico y, por ello, son necesarios parámetros evaluativos que incluyan los estados subjetivos, así como pasar de pensamientos lineales a formas complejas que incorporen el valor de la experiencia, del azar y del acontecimiento, entre otras ideas, lo cual posibilitará un cambio de perspectiva: el reconocimiento de indicadores positivos de salud mental y no solo ausencia de síntomas o trastornos.
Conceptual basis for Infant and Juvenile Psychiatry are discussed taking into account the clear differences in the definition of Health and Mental Illness. It is emphasized that the mind is not simply a biological phenomenon and, thus, there is a need for assessment parameters that include subjective states, as well as a shift from lineal thoughts to complex forms that include the value of experience, fate, and event, amongst other ideas. This allows a change of perspective: the acknowledgement of the Positive Indicators of Mental Health and not only the absence of symptoms or disorders.
