Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review.

Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR-5): a useful screening tool for anger in the general population.

BACKGROUND: Dimensions of Anger Reactions (DAR-5) is a brief 5-item instrument to assess experience of anger. We aimed to verify the DAR-5 as a screening instrument in the community. METHODS: A sample of 368 apparently healthy adults who attended an outpatient ambulatory facility self-reported on the DAR-5 scale, the Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Indicators of reliability and validity were calculated to demonstrate the performance of the DAR-5. RESULTS: According to the DAR-5, around half the respondents found themselves becoming angry with people or situations and reported persistent duration of anger. Antagonism towards others was the least frequently experienced anger (8.4%). The DAR-5 was found to be reliable and stable, showing a significant correlation with the BAI and PHQ-9 for both sexes. In confirmatory factor analysis, a one-dimensional structure of anger experience was demonstrated through salient fit statistics. A cut-off > 8 was the best threshold against STAXI for discriminating cases of anger, irrespective of sex. CONCLUSIONS: The shortness of the DAR-5, along with its cost-effective applicability, qualifies this measuring tool as a useful instrument for inclusion in the routine assessment of anger reactions in the general population.Key pointsThis is the first time the validity of DAR-5 has been demonstrated in a developing country.The Portuguese version of DAR-5 has appropriate sensitivity and high specificity.The DAR-5 demonstrated to be a reliable and stable instrument, irrespective of sex.

Collective efficacy in soccer teams: a systematic review

Abstract Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

Diseño de un instrumento psicométrico para el estudio de deseos y defensas con el enfoque del algoritmo DavidLiberman (ADL) / Psychometric instrument design for the Study of wishes and defenses, using the Daivd Liberman Algorithm (DLA) approach

Presentamos el diseño de un nuevo instrumento psicométrico que integraría el arsenal de herramientas del Algoritmo David Liberman (ADL) para la investigación de los deseos y las defensas (y su estado) en los evaluados. El instrumento tiene un carácter mixto, ya que la primera parte está constituida por un cuestionario autoadministrable de 168 ítems, que el entrevistado deberá responder según los valores de una escala likert especialmente diseñada, y la otra, complementaria, consiste en dos consignas en las cuales se le solicita al evaluado que relate dos episodios, uno de la infancia y otro de la vida reciente.(AU)

We present the design of a new psychometric instrument which will integrate the David Liberman algorithm (DLA) tool assemblage for the investigation of the wishes and defenses (as well as their state) of the assessed parties. The instrument presents a mixed quality, since the first part is made up of an 168 item self-administered questionnaire that the interviewee should respond to, according to the measures of a likert scale, specially devised for the occasion, and the other one, complementary to the first, consists in two indications prompting the assessed party to retell two episodes, one concerning a childhood event and another one concerning a current life one.(AU)

Evidências de validade de marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade no modelo dos cinco grandes fatores / Validity Evidences of Mini-markers for Assessing the Big Five Personality Model

Instrumentos psicométricos breves para a avaliação da personalidade têm recebido uma crescente atenção. Até o momento, entretanto, existia a carência de tais instrumentos no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento reduzido para mensurar os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF), derivado de um instrumento originalmente com 64 marcadores. Os participantes foram 674 estudantes universitários (média de idade = 23,5; DP = 6,46). Foram utilizados critérios teórico-semânticos e estatísticos para eleger um conjunto reduzido de marcadores. A solução fatorial final contou com 25 marcadores, sendo cinco para cada um dos CGF, explicando 53,92% da variância. Ao final, discute-se a necessidade de estudos subsequentes avaliando a validade convergente do instrumento, bem como potencialidades do mesmo.

Brief psychometric measures for personality assessment have received increasing attention in the psychological literature. Up to date, however, there was a lack of brief personality measures in Brazil. The present study explored the psychometric properties of Big Five mini-markers derived from an instrument originally composed of 64 items. Participants were 674 undergraduate students (mean age = 23.5 years; SD = 6.46). Exploratory factor analyses as well as theoretical-semantic criteria were used to select a brief set of personality markers. The final factor solution was composed of 25 markers, five for each Big Five dimension, explaining 53.9% of the variance. Finally, we discuss the need to investigate the convergent validity of the measure, and considerations regarding its potential usefulness.

Evidências de validade de marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade no modelo dos cinco grandes fatores / Validity Evidences of Mini-markers for Assessing the Big Five Personality Model

Instrumentos psicométricos breves para a avaliação da personalidade têm recebido uma crescente atenção. Até o momento, entretanto, existia a carência de tais instrumentos no contexto brasileiro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento reduzido para mensurar os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF), derivado de um instrumento originalmente com 64 marcadores. Os participantes foram 674 estudantes universitários (média de idade = 23,5; DP = 6,46). Foram utilizados critérios teórico-semânticos e estatísticos para eleger um conjunto reduzido de marcadores. A solução fatorial final contou com 25 marcadores, sendo cinco para cada um dos CGF, explicando 53,92% da variância. Ao final, discute-se a necessidade de estudos subsequentes avaliando a validade convergente do instrumento, bem como potencialidades do mesmo.(AU)

Brief psychometric measures for personality assessment have received increasing attention in the psychological literature. Up to date, however, there was a lack of brief personality measures in Brazil. The present study explored the psychometric properties of Big Five mini-markers derived from an instrument originally composed of 64 items. Participants were 674 undergraduate students (mean age = 23.5 years; SD = 6.46). Exploratory factor analyses as well as theoretical-semantic criteria were used to select a brief set of personality markers. The final factor solution was composed of 25 markers, five for each Big Five dimension, explaining 53.9% of the variance. Finally, we discuss the need to investigate the convergent validity of the measure, and considerations regarding its potential usefulness.(AU)

Marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade em adolescentes / Brazilian mini-markers for assessing personality in adolescents / Marcadores reducidos para la evaluación de la personalidad en adolescentes

Os Marcadores Reduzidos para a Avaliação da Personalidade mensuram os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF) mediante 25 adjetivos comumente utilizados para descrever diferenças individuais em português brasileiro. Contudo, até o momento, suas propriedades psicométricas com adolescentes não haviam sido investigadas. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura fatorial do instrumento em duas amostras de estudantes adolescentes. O primeiro estudo contou com 208 estudantes escolares (média de idades=15,97; DP=1,00). Análises de componentes principais do instrumento revelaram uma estrutura de cinco componentes oblíquos com apenas 20 marcadores. Esse modelo foi testado em uma segunda amostra com 280 estudantes (média de idades=15,53; DP=1,00) de forma confirmatória contra modelos alternativos. Os índices de ajuste também favoreceram um modelo de cinco fatores oblíquos. Os resultados, em conjunto, sugerem a adequação de uma versão do instrumento com apenas 20 marcadores para uso com adolescentes.

Brazilian Mini-Markers of Personality measure the Five-Factor Model with 25 adjectives frequently used for describing individual differences in Brazilian Portuguese. However, up to date, there were no studies focusing on its psychometric properties in adolescent groups. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure of the instrument in two adolescent student samples. The Study I used data from 208 high school students (mean age=15.97; SD= 1.00) and showed an oblique solution composed of five principal components and 20 markers. This structure was then tested with confirmatory factor analysis using data from 280 school and high school students (mean age=15.53; SD= 1.00). Fit indexes showed that an oblique five-factor model performed better than theoretically-derived concurrent structures. Results showed that a 20 marker version of the instrument is adequate for use with adolescents in Brazil.

Los Marcadores Reducidos para la Evaluación de la Personalidad mensuran los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF) mediante 25 adjetivos comúnmente utilizados para describir diferencias individuales en portugués brasileño. Todavía, hasta ahora, sus propiedades psicométricas con adolescentes no habían sido investigadas. De esa manera, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial del instrumento en dos muestras de estudiantes adolescentes. El primer estudio contó con 208 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,97; DP=1,00). Análisis de componentes principales del instrumento revelaron una estructura de cinco componentes oblicuos con apenas 20 marcadores. Ese modelo fue testado en una segunda muestra con 280 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,53; DP=1,00) de forma confirmatoria contra modelos alternativos. Los índices de ajuste también favorecieron un modelo de cinco factores oblicuos. Los resultados, en conjunto, sugieren la adecuación de una versión del instrumento con sólo 20 marcadores para uso con adolescentes.

Marcadores reduzidos para a avaliação da personalidade em adolescentes / Brazilian mini-markers for assessing personality in adolescents / Marcadores reducidos para la evaluación de la personalidad en adolescentes

Os Marcadores Reduzidos para a Avaliação da Personalidade mensuram os Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF) mediante 25 adjetivos comumente utilizados para descrever diferenças individuais em português brasileiro. Contudo, até o momento, suas propriedades psicométricas com adolescentes não haviam sido investigadas. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura fatorial do instrumento em duas amostras de estudantes adolescentes. O primeiro estudo contou com 208 estudantes escolares (média de idades=15,97; DP=1,00). Análises de componentes principais do instrumento revelaram uma estrutura de cinco componentes oblíquos com apenas 20 marcadores. Esse modelo foi testado em uma segunda amostra com 280 estudantes (média de idades=15,53; DP=1,00) de forma confirmatória contra modelos alternativos. Os índices de ajuste também favoreceram um modelo de cinco fatores oblíquos. Os resultados, em conjunto, sugerem a adequação de uma versão do instrumento com apenas 20 marcadores para uso com adolescentes.(AU)

Brazilian Mini-Markers of Personality measure the Five-Factor Model with 25 adjectives frequently used for describing individual differences in Brazilian Portuguese. However, up to date, there were no studies focusing on its psychometric properties in adolescent groups. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure of the instrument in two adolescent student samples. The Study I used data from 208 high school students (mean age=15.97; SD= 1.00) and showed an oblique solution composed of five principal components and 20 markers. This structure was then tested with confirmatory factor analysis using data from 280 school and high school students (mean age=15.53; SD= 1.00). Fit indexes showed that an oblique five-factor model performed better than theoretically-derived concurrent structures. Results showed that a 20 marker version of the instrument is adequate for use with adolescents in Brazil.(AU)

Los Marcadores Reducidos para la Evaluación de la Personalidad mensuran los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF) mediante 25 adjetivos comúnmente utilizados para describir diferencias individuales en portugués brasileño. Todavía, hasta ahora, sus propiedades psicométricas con adolescentes no habían sido investigadas. De esa manera, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial del instrumento en dos muestras de estudiantes adolescentes. El primer estudio contó con 208 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,97; DP=1,00). Análisis de componentes principales del instrumento revelaron una estructura de cinco componentes oblicuos con apenas 20 marcadores. Ese modelo fue testado en una segunda muestra con 280 estudiantes (promedio de edades=15,53; DP=1,00) de forma confirmatoria contra modelos alternativos. Los índices de ajuste también favorecieron un modelo de cinco factores oblicuos. Los resultados, en conjunto, sugieren la adecuación de una versión del instrumento con sólo 20 marcadores para uso con adolescentes.(AU)

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario de estilos de manejo de conflicto organizacional en una muestra de trabajadores de brasileños / Adaptation and validation of an organizational conflict management questionnaire in a brazilian workers' sample

El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y aportar evidencias de validez del inventario de estilos de manejo de conflicto organizacional (ROCI- II) en una muestra de 353 trabajadores brasileños. Dicho inventario permite evaluar cinco estilos de manejo de conflictos interpersonales en el ambiente organizacional con el supervisor: dominante, evitativo, complaciente, integrador y comprometido. El instrumento fue inicialmente traducido y adaptado del idioma inglés al portugués de Brasil. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio utilizando el método DWLS y se compararon modelos alternativos. Los análisis sugieren que el modelo resultante apoya el modelo con los cinco estilos de manejo de conflicto interpersonales en el contexto laboral brasileño estudiado. Estos resultados deben ser considerados como una evidencia empírica inicial de validez de constructo de la adaptación del instrumento al contexto estudiado. Futuros estudios podrían evaluar nuevas evidencias de validez del instrumento en muestras brasileñas con diferentes características laborales, sociodemográficas o de formación académica, entre otras. (AU)

The aim of this study was to provide validity evidence of the organizational conflict inventory (ROCI-II) in a sample of 353 Brazilian workers. This inventory, evaluates five styles of handling interpersonal conflicts with then person's supervisor, in the organizational environment: dominating, avoiding, obliging, integrating and compromising. The instrument was first translated and adapted from English into Brazilian Portuguese. We applied a confirmatory factor analysis using DWLS method and comparing alternative models. The analyses suggest that the model supports the five handling styles of interpersonal conflict in the Brazilian context.These results should be considered as an initial empirical evidence of construct validity of the instrument to the context studied. Future studies may evaluate evidence of validity of the instrument in Brazilian samples with different job characteristics, socioeconomic or educational training, among others. (AU)

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario de estilos de manejo de conflicto organizacional en una muestra de trabajadores de brasileños / Adaptation and validation of an organizational conflict management questionnaire in a brazilian workers' sample

El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar y aportar evidencias de validez del inventario de estilos de manejo de conflicto organizacional (ROCI- II) en una muestra de 353 trabajadores brasileños. Dicho inventario permite evaluar cinco estilos de manejo de conflictos interpersonales en el ambiente organizacional con el supervisor: dominante, evitativo, complaciente, integrador y comprometido. El instrumento fue inicialmente traducido y adaptado del idioma inglés al portugués de Brasil. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio utilizando el método DWLS y se compararon modelos alternativos. Los análisis sugieren que el modelo resultante apoya el modelo con los cinco estilos de manejo de conflicto interpersonales en el contexto laboral brasileño estudiado. Estos resultados deben ser considerados como una evidencia empírica inicial de validez de constructo de la adaptación del instrumento al contexto estudiado. Futuros estudios podrían evaluar nuevas evidencias de validez del instrumento en muestras brasileñas con diferentes características laborales, sociodemográficas o de formación académica, entre otras.

The aim of this study was to provide validity evidence of the organizational conflict inventory (ROCI-II) in a sample of 353 Brazilian workers. This inventory, evaluates five styles of handling interpersonal conflicts with then person's supervisor, in the organizational environment: dominating, avoiding, obliging, integrating and compromising. The instrument was first translated and adapted from English into Brazilian Portuguese. We applied a confirmatory factor analysis using DWLS method and comparing alternative models. The analyses suggest that the model supports the five handling styles of interpersonal conflict in the Brazilian context.These results should be considered as an initial empirical evidence of construct validity of the instrument to the context studied. Future studies may evaluate evidence of validity of the instrument in Brazilian samples with different job characteristics, socioeconomic or educational training, among others.

Liberalismo / conservadorismo sexual: proposta de uma medida multi-fatorial / Sexual liberalism / conservatism: proposal of a multi-factorial measurement

Este estudo objetiva apresentar uma medida multi-fatorial de liberalismo / conservadorismo sexual. Partiu-se do Questionário de Atitudes Sexuais, sendo acrescentados novos itens. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos. No primeiro, os participantes responderam o Questionário de Atitudes Sexuais, dividido em duas sub-escalas (Self e Other), e questões demográficas. Os resultados das análises fatoriais exploratórias evidenciaram um fator geral de liberalismo / conservadorismo sexual. No segundo estudo os participantes responderam o Questionário de Liberalismo / Conservadorismo Sexual (QLCS), a Escala de Conservadorismo Moral, a Escala de Tradicionalismo Moral e questões demográficas. Mediante uma análise fatorial confirmatória, comprovou-se a estrutura multi-fatorial do QLCS, que revelou índices aceitáveis de bondade de ajuste. Os Alfas de Cronbach encontrados para os fatores de segunda ordem foram 0,88 (Self) e 0,90 (Other). Todos os fatores do liberalismo se correlacionaram entre si e com as escalas de conservadorismo e tradicionalismo moral, comprovando a validade convergente do instrumento psicométrico, que se mostrou adequado para utilização no contexto brasileiro.

This study aims at presenting a multi-factorial measurement of sexual liberalism/conservatism. New items were added to the Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire and two studies were developed. During the first study, the participants answered the Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire, divided in two sub-scales (Self and Other), and demographic questions. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed a general factor of sexual liberalism/conservatism. In the second study, the participants answered the Sexual Liberalism/Conservatism Questionnaire (SLCQ), the Moral Conservatism Scale, the Moral Traditionalism Scale and demographic questions. By means of a confirmatory factorial analysis, the multi-factorial structure of the SLCQ was confirmed, revealing acceptable indexes of goodness-of-fit. The Cronbach's Alpha found to the second order factors were .88 (Self) and .90 (Other). All factors of liberalism correlated themselves with each other and with the conservatism and traditionalism scales, corroborating the convergent validity of the psychometric instrument, wich proved its adequacy for use in the Brazilian context.