RESUMO
Problema: En Colombia no hay informes sobre efectos en humanos del tratamiento periódico antihelmíntico-vitamina A. Objetivo: Evaluar efectos de albendazol/pamoato de pirantel-vitamina A trimestrales sobre Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus y sobre niveles séricos de retinol y hemoglobina, en niños del Urabá antioqueño. Metodología: Estudio clínico, aleatorio, con grupos paralelos, cerrado, intervenidos y evaluados cada 3-4 meses por 4 veces, seguidos 12 meses. Intervención: suministro de pamoato de pirantel (pamoato) (< 2 años) o albendazol (≥ 2 años), con o sin vitamina A oral. Resultados: Ingreso: 25% presentó desnutrición crónica y hemoglobina (g/L), 106 g/L en < 2 años y 115 g/L en ≥ 2 años. A) Prevalencias: estrongiloides 7%, uncinarias 29%, áscaris 45%, tricocéfalos 45%. Cambios postratamiento: pamoato únicamente causó reducción de áscaris y, en general, aumentó tricocéfalos y uncinarias. Albendazol: redujo cada helminto, como lo hicieron tratamientos sin este medicamento, pero fue mayor con albendazol. B) Cambio en carga parasitaria: únicas diferencias significativas fueron para tricocéfalos con pamoato-vitamina y albendazol-vitamina, por aumento, y áscaris con albendazol-vitamina, por reducción. No hubo diferencia significativa entre ingreso y egreso en niveles de hemoglobina ni retinol en ninguno de los cuatro tratamientos. Conclusiones: En general, no hubo efecto del albendazol sobre la carga helmintiana, pero sí efecto moderado sobre la prevalencia de uncinarias, áscaris y tricocéfalos. Quizás la desparasitación de solo parte de la población < 15 años, sin tratar el resto de convivientes, y el mantenimiento de muy deficientes condiciones de vida expliquen estos resultados.
Problem: There are no reports about the effect of periodic anthelminthic-vitamin A treatment in humans In Colombia. Objective: To evaluate effects of albendazole/ pamoate pyrantel-vitamin A administered quarterly on Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, and on serum retinol and hemoglobin levels in children from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia). Methodology: Clinical, randomized, controlled trial with parallel groups intervened and evaluated each 3-4 months for 4 times, followed 12 months. Intervention: administration of pyrantel pamoate (pamoate) (< 2 years) or albendazole (≥ 2 years), with or without oral vitamin A. Results: Entry: 25% presented chronic malnutrition and hemoglobin, 10.6 g/L (< 2 years) and 11.5 g/L (≥ 2 years). A) Prevalence: strongyloides 7%, uncinaria 29%, ascaris 45%, whipworms 45%. Post-treatment changes: pamoate only caused reduction of ascaris and, in general, increased whipworms and uncinarias. Albendazole: reduced the prevalence of each helminth, as treatments without this medication did, but it was higher in treatments with albendazole. B) Change in parasite load: only significant differences were for whipworms with pamoate-vitamin and albendazole-vitamin, because of increase, and ascaris with albendazole-vitamin, because of reduction. No significant difference between entry and leave in hemoglobin or retinol levels in any of the four treatment groups. Conclusions: Overall, there was no effect of albendazole on helminth communities, but there was moderate effect on prevalence of uncinaria, ascaris and whipworms. Possibly deworming only part of the population < 15 years without treating the rest of cohabitants, and the maintenance of very poor living conditions can explain these results.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of three different doses of an association of pyrantel pamoate, oxantel pamoate and praziquantel in a single oral dose, in naturally infected cats. Animals were obtained from the Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, from Diadema, São Paulo, and divided in four groups each of eight cats, based on pretreatment faecal examination. Group 1: untreated control cats; Group 2: 5 mg of pyrantel pamoate, 5 mg of oxantel pamoate and 2.5 mg of praziquantel/kg body weight (BW); Group 3: 10 mg of pyrantel pamoate, 10 mg of oxantel pamoate and 5 mg of praziquantel/kg BW and Group 4:20 mg of pyrantel pamoate, 20 mg of oxantel pamoate and 10 mg of praziquantel/kg BW. The percentage of reduction in egg counts and percentage of efficacy were calculated. Mean egg counts from all treated cats decreased significantly from the second day after treatment on. The number of immature Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma spp. worms also decreased, however it was not significant. The number of adult worms decreased significantly in the treated groups. The percentage of efficacy for Toxocara cati was 93.0%, 97.6% and 100.0% and for Ancylostoma spp. was 96.5%, 99.0% and 100.0%, for groups 2,3 and 4, respectively. The compound was effective against Dipylidium caninum and ineffectiveagainst Physaloptera spp. and Strongyloides stercoraiis in a single dose.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica de três diferentes doses de uma associação de pamoato de pyrantel, pamoato de oxantel e praziquantel em dose única e via oral, em gatos naturalmente parasitados. Os animais foram obtidos no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses do Município de Diadema (SP) e divididos em quatro grupos de oito animais cada, baseados nos resultados de exames coproparasitológicos. Os gatos do Grupo 1 não receberam tratamento, os do Grupo 2 foram tratados com 5 mg de pamoato de pyrantel, 5 mg de pamoato de oxantel e 2,5 mg de praziquantel/kg de peso vivo (pv). Os gatos do Grupo 3 receberam 10 mg de pamoato de pyrantel, 10 mg de pamoato de oxantel e 5 mg de praziquantel/kg pv e aos animais do Grupo 4 foram ministrados 20 mg de pamoato de pyrantel, 20 mg de pamoato de oxantel e 10 mg de praziquantel/kg pv. Calculou-se a porcentagem de redução do número de ovos presentes nas fezes e a porcentagem de eficácia. As médias dos números de ovos tiveram um decréscimo significativo já no segundo dia póstratamento, independente da dose de medicamento utilizada. Houve decréscimo, não significativo, nos números de formas imaturas de Toxocara cati e de Ancylostoma spp. nos grupos tratados e significativo em relação às formas adultas. A porcentagem de eficácia contra Toxocara cati foi de 93,0%; 97,6% e 100,0% para os grupos 2, 3 e 4, respectivament
RESUMO
The anthelmintic efficacy of pyrantel pamoate, either alone or combined with trichlorfon, was evaluated for the control of strongyles of Thoroughbred horses. In all cases of positive strongyle egg counts per gram of feces (EPG) before and after treatment, pure populations of cyathostomes larvae with eight intestinal cells were consistently observed in fecal cultures. The fecal egg count reductions (FECR) were evaluated between day 7 and day 45 post-treatment. The post-treatment mean strongyle EPG counts of the horses treated with the combination of pyrantel pamoate (13.2 mg/kg) plus trichlorfon (30 mg/kg) and pyrantel pamoate alone (13.2 mg/kg) did not show significant differences (P0.05) during the trial, both groups reducing strongyle egg output by almost 100% on day 7, and still exhibiting an FECR of greater then 90% between day 7 and day 21. This finding indicates that both formulations are effective compounds in reducing the cyathostome fecal egg outputs in horses under field conditions.
Através de estudo comparativo, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência anti-helmíntica de pamoato de pirantel, isolado ou associado ao triclorfon, no controle de estrongilídeos de eqüinos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês. As coproculturas realizadas antes e após os tratamentos levaram consistentemente ao encontro de populações puras de ciatostomíneos com oito células intestinais. As reduções de ovos por grama de fezes foram avaliadas do 7º. ao 45º. dias pós-tratamento. Comparando os valores médios de OPG dos eqüinos tratados com pamoato de pirantel (13,2 mg/kg) associado ao triclorfon (30 mg/kg) e com pamoato de pirantel isolado (13,2 mg/kg), observou-se diferença não significante (P0,05) ao longo do experimento, verificando-se, 7 dias após o tratamento, reduções médias de OPG de quase 100% e, do 7º. ao 20º. dias, reduções ainda superiores a 90%. Os resultados indicam que os dois produtos são eficazes na redução de ovos por grama de fezes de ciatostomíneos de eqüinos mantidos sob condições a campo.