Development of a Comprehensive Quality Evaluation System for Foxtail Millet from Different Ecological Regions.

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a critical grain with high nutritional value and the potential for increased production in arid and semiarid regions. The foxtail millet value chain can be upgraded only by ensuring its comprehensive quality. Thus, samples were collected from different production areas in Shanxi province, China, and compared in terms of quality traits. We established a quality evaluation system utilizing multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the appearance, nutritional content, and culinary value of foxtail millet produced in different ecological regions varied substantially. Different values of amino acids (DVAACs), alkali digestion values (ADVs), and total flavone content (TFC) had the highest coefficients of variation (CVs) of 50.30%, 39.75%, and 35.39%, respectively. Based on this, a comprehensive quality evaluation system for foxtail millet was established, and the quality of foxtail millet produced in the five production areas was ranked in order from highest to lowest: Dingxiang > Zezhou > Qinxian > Xingxian > Yuci. In conclusion, the ecological conditions of Xinding Basin are favorable for ensuring the comprehensive quality of foxtail millet. .

Developing a Quality Evaluation System for Color Reproduction of Color 3D Printing Based on MATLAB Multi-Metrics.

Color 3D printing has been widely used in many fields such as cultural, medical, industrial, and food. The color reproduction accuracy of 3D printed products in these fields is becoming increasingly demanding, which requires more reproduction methods and practical tools. At present, most color 3D printing devices use one quantitative index, that is, color difference, to directly predict the color reproduction quality. However, this single quantitative index is not optimal for the curved surface of 3D printed color objects. Based on color evaluation principles, in this study, five new quantitative metrics consisting of color gamut comparison index, color SSIM index, color FSIM index, iCID index, and subjective scaling values are proposed for comparison, and the corresponding GUI design and code implementation of new color quality evaluation system are performed by MATLAB. Moreover, the comprehensive color assessment of color 3D printed products is confirmed by utilizing standard image acquisition and microscopic imaging methods that are not limited to printing materials and sampling locations. The operation of this system is validated to provide interactivity, simplicity and high efficiency. As a result, the system can provide new valuable feedback for color separation and output calibration of color 3D printing devices.

Establishment of a quality evaluation system of sweet potato starch using multivariate statistics.

Background: The quality of starch greatly affects the quality of processed products. There are many indexes for quality evaluation of starch. Currently, amylose content is considered the chief index in the quality evaluation of sweet potato starch, which is entirely based on tradition (experience) method. The existing evaluation standards lack quality evaluation standards for sweet potato starch. Purpose: To screen reasonable evaluation indexes of sweet potato starch, and establish a scientific and systematic evaluation system of sweet potato starch. Methods: Twenty-two components and quality indexes of sweet potato starch were measured. The evaluation indexes of sweet potato starch were screened based on a statistical description, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA), and a quality evaluation model of sweet potato starch for brewing was established based on analytic hierarchy process. The calculated values of the model were verified by linear fitting with standardized sensory evaluation values. Results: The coefficient of variation of total starch content (%), amylose content (%), amylopectin content (%), L* value, ΔE, water absorption capacity (g/g), and pasting temperature was less than 6%, while the coefficient of variation of other indexes was larger. In addition, there were different degrees of correlation among the indexes. PCA was used to identify interrelated variables, and the first six principal components together account for 82.26% of the total variability. Then, seven core indexes - setback (cp), rate of regression (%), ratio of amylose to amylopectin (%), gel strength (kgf/cm2), a* value, ash content (%), and solubility (%) - were selected from the six principal components according to the load value of the rotation matrix. These seven core indexes replaced the original 22 indexes to simplify the evaluation of sweet potato starch. The quality evaluation model of sweet potato starch was Y = 0.034X2 + 0.321X6 + 0.141X8 + 0.08X17 + 0.023X19 + 0.08X21 + 0.321X22. Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation system of sweet potato starch can accurately predict the quality of sweet potato starch. The development of such a system is of great significance to the post-harvest processing of high-starch sweet potato and the breeding of high-quality and high-starch sweet potato varieties.

Genotypic diversity of quality traits in Chinese foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and the establishment of a quality evaluation system.

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an important reserve cereal crop, and its nutritional and medicinal properties have seen its demand increase in recent years. Therefore, it is important to establish an evaluation system for the comprehensive assessment of its quality. We assessed 90 accessions of foxtail millet from China for 23 quality traits. The results showed that the 23 quality traits had diverse coefficients of variation, with the greatest variation in a*, phosphorus content, and potassium contents, at 37.71, 28.81, and 20.18%, respectively. Cluster analysis defined five categories that were consistent with the geographical origins of the accessions. Seven principal components were also extracted from the 23 traits using principal component analysis. A comprehensive quality evaluation system was established, and 8 high-quality accessions were identified. The findings of the present study could facilitate the breeding of high-quality foxtail millet and enhance quality evaluation activities.

Construction of evaluation index system of postgraduate education quality of clinical medicine based on SNA / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To systematically sort out and cluster the existing indicators of key issues in the quality of postgraduate clinical degree education based on the bibliometric study, so as to build a multidimensional quality assessment index system that integrates scientificity, rationality and representativeness, and to provide a scientific measurement tool for assessing clinical professional postgraduate education in China.Methods:By mining the related functions of UCINET6 network analysis integration software and its one-dimensional and two-dimensional data analysis NetDraw program, the social network analysis (SNA) method was used to extract and cluster the education quality problem set of clinical professional degree postgraduates.Results:A three-dimensional evaluation index system was constructed. The first dimension concluded such 8 key issues in the quality of postgraduate education in clinical medicine as ability assessment, teaching system, teaching quality assurance system, professional cognition and career prospects, assessment and evaluation system and organization, and the pulse taking and diagnosis.Conclusion:The clinical graduate education quality evaluation index system is an effective measurement tool for education quality improvement, based on a multidimensional perspective, with key issues as priority areas for intervention, providing an effective evidence-based basis for ensuring the development of professional graduate education efforts from 2020-2025.

How Should the Social Service Quality Evaluation in South Korea Be Verified? Focusing on Community Care Services.

The quality evaluation (QE) of social services tends to have a large variation in results depending on the object and method of service measurement. To overcome these limitations, an analysis of the internal consistency or validity of the social service QE index is necessary, but meta-research on this is insufficient. This study analyzes the internal consistency and validity of evaluation indexes based on the results of social service QE. We utilized the social services QE manual of the Social Security Information Service's Facility Evaluation Department. The social service QE indexes implemented in 2013 and 2016 were coded and analyzed. We found that there was internal consistency between the results of the care services evaluation in 2013 and 2016. In addition, there were differences between the care services QE indexes by service type in 2013 and 2016. It is necessary to construct effective indexes by simplifying, diversifying, and differentiating social service QE indexes. In addition, control devices for external factors (region, composition of the evaluation team, etc.) must be prepared to maintain the consistency of evaluation scores, and in the long term, standardization of social service QE indexes is necessary.

Construction and application of service quality evaluation system in the preclinical research on cardiovascular implant devices.

BACKGROUND: Services for the preclinical development and evaluation of cardiovascular implant devices (CVIDs) is a new industry. However, there is still no indicator system for quality evaluation. Our aim is to construct a service for quality evaluation system for the preclinical research and development of CVIDs based on Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). METHODS: First, we reviewed the related literature to identify and select possible factors. Second, we developed an analytic hierarchy process framework. Third, we developed a questionnaire based on pairwise comparisons and invited 10 experienced specialists to rate these factors. We then used FAHP to compute the weights of these factors and prioritize them. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed indicator system, a case study was performed as a practical example. RESULTS: Four main indicators (professionalism, functionality, stability and security) and 15 subindicators were selected to form the service evaluation system based on literature review and expert's proposals. According to the weight calculation data, the order of primary indicators by importance, is professionalism (0.6457), security (0.1193), functionality (0.0958) and stability (0.0596) in sequence. Top five secondary indices are personnel's technical ability, facility and equipment attractiveness, data auditability, confidentiality capability and professional service procedures. In the case study, FW's final actual effectiveness value was 0.9076, which is the same as the actual situation. CONCLUSION: The indicator system established in this study is comprehensive, reasonable, reliable and with strong practicality. It is worth popularizing and applying. The implementation of this evaluation system can provide measurable evidence for service demander and a way to improve service quality for suppliers.

Preparation and quality evaluation of standard decoction of Alismatis Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective: To prepare standard decoction of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) and establish its quality evaluation system, and provide reference for the development of dispensing granules of AR. Methods: A total of 18 batches of AR decoction pieces were collected to prepare standard decoction of AR according to the standard process. Quality evaluation system of standard decoction of AR was established with pH value, dry extract rate, fingerprint similarity and transfer rate of alisol B 23-acetate as indexes. Results: The mass fraction of alisol B 23-acetate in AR decoction pieces was 0.057%—0.267% with the average value of 0.156%, water content was 9.2%—12.8% with the average value of 10.44%; the pH value of standard decoction of AR was 4.11—5.60, dry extract rate was 10.25%—17.09%; transfer rate of alisol B 23-acetate from decoction pieces to standard decoction was 10.49%—17.49%. Conclusion: The established quality evaluation method is stable and feasible, which is suitable for the development and quality evaluation of standard decoction of AR, which can provide reference for the development of dispensing granules of AR and related classic formulas.

Research Status,Problems and Countermeasures of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal in New Drug Delivery Systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lyotropic liquid crystal is an ordered system with various geometric shapes or three-dimensional structures formed by the interaction of amphiphilic molecules dissolved in polar solvents, and has the characteristics of excellent drug applicability, high drug loading, good bioadhesive property and high transdermal permeability. Through a comprehensive analysis of the research results in this research group and the related research reports of LLC drug delivery system, the authors systematically discussed the research value, development potential and research status of LLC in the field of new drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), especially in the percutaneous and mucosal drug delivery system and the oral microparticle drug delivery system of TCM. At the same time, due to the current research field of TCM-LLC drug delivery system starts late, many of the basic research problems to be further perfect, this paper had carried on the induction summary to these problems, and put forward the research countermeasures:①the basic research of TCM-LLC drug delivery system should be strengthened by referencing the research experience and methods of LLC drug delivery system of single chemical component combined with TCM characteristics, ②the research on the release mechanism of the chemical components in TCM should be strengthened, and the basic research on the LLC drug delivery system of synchronized sustained release TCM should be carried out, ③development of new LLC materials applicable to TCM, ④the quality evaluation system of TCM-LLC should be improved, ⑤to explore the LLC preparation process suitable for industrialization.

HPLC-MS study of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum / 中草药

Objective: HPLC-MS was used to analyze the characteristic constituent of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, providing basis for the establishment of quality evaluation system of agarwood. Methods: The analysis was carried out on a Dionex-Acclaim 120 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water-acetic acid (1000.5) with the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min at 254 nm, and the separation was performed at 26 ℃. MS experiments were performed using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry mainly in positive-ion mode. The cluster analysis was performed by SPSS software. Results: A total of 14 common peaks of flidersia chromones were characterized by HPLC-MS analysis, and seven of them were identified by comparing their retention times and MS spectra with reference compounds. The 10 batch of samples were divided into five categories by cluster analysis. The result indicated that great difference existed between agarwood produced from living tree and dead tree, and the relationship between constituent and production place of “Huang-Shu” agarwood was obvious. Conclusion: The analytical method for common flidersia chromones established in this paper could be used to evaluate the quality of agarwood.

A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation System for Complex Herbal Medicine Using PacBio Sequencing, PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, and Several Chemical Approaches.

Herbal medicine is a major component of complementary and alternative medicine, contributing significantly to the health of many people and communities. Quality control of herbal medicine is crucial to ensure that it is safe and sound for use. Here, we investigated a comprehensive quality evaluation system for a classic herbal medicine, Danggui Buxue Formula, by applying genetic-based and analytical chemistry approaches to authenticate and evaluate the quality of its samples. For authenticity, we successfully applied two novel technologies, third-generation sequencing and PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), to analyze the ingredient composition of the tested samples. For quality evaluation, we used high performance liquid chromatography assays to determine the content of chemical markers to help estimate the dosage relationship between its two raw materials, plant roots of Huangqi and Danggui. A series of surveys were then conducted against several exogenous contaminations, aiming to further access the efficacy and safety of the samples. In conclusion, the quality evaluation system demonstrated here can potentially address the authenticity, quality, and safety of herbal medicines, thus providing novel insight for enhancing their overall quality control. Highlight: We established a comprehensive quality evaluation system for herbal medicine, by combining two genetic-based approaches third-generation sequencing and DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) with analytical chemistry approaches to achieve the authentication and quality connotation of the samples.

Discussion on research status and development ideas of biopotency for Chinese materia medica / 中草药

The quality control of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has been the focus of CMM modernization, and how to demonstrate the consistency of product quality and clinical efficacy has become an important research aspect of development and innovation of CMM. Due to the heterogeneity of CMM, it is necessary to combine biopotency with other detection methods to guarantee the quality of medicines. This article reviewed the research status of CMM biopotency, analyzed the global local government regulations about biopotency and the difficulties of development in CMM, and discussed development ideas of biopotency based on PK-PD for CMM. Its main aim is to provide reference for the construction of the follow-up quality evaluation system, and to promote recognition from the international drug administration management on CMM quality standard.

A DRGs-based medical quality evaluation system for gynecology specialists: establishment and application / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To establish a medical quality evaluation system for gynecology wards in specialized gynecology hospitals by means of DRGs. Methods DRGs method was used to adjust risks of the information of gynecology inpatients discharged in 2016. On such basis, the medical quality evaluation system was built on the three dimensions of medical ability, medical efficiency and medical safety, while a general scoring was obtained by multiplying the scoring of the dimension with its respective weighting coefficients. Results The general scoring of the 10 wards ranged between 0. 89-1. 08, averaging 0. 99. That of Ward B ranked the highest, and Ward I the lowest of the ten. The medical ability scoring ranged between 0. 87-1. 12, averaging 1. 00;That of Ward B ranked the highest,and Ward I the lowest of the ten. Medical efficiency scoring ranged between 0. 93 -1. 23, averaging 1. 00;That of Ward J ranked the highest,and Ward E the lowest of the ten. Safety scoring ranged between 0. 89-0. 99, averaging 0. 94; That of Ward F ranked the highest, and Ward A the lowest of the ten. Conclusions The medical quality evaluation system based on DRGs can effectively evaluate wards of a gynecology department, supporting their fine management.

A DRGs-based medical quality evaluation system for gynecology specialists: establishment and application / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To establish a medical quality evaluation system for gynecology wards in specialized gynecology hospitals by means of DRGs. Methods DRGs method was used to adjust risks of the information of gynecology inpatients discharged in 2016. On such basis, the medical quality evaluation system was built on the three dimensions of medical ability, medical efficiency and medical safety, while a general scoring was obtained by multiplying the scoring of the dimension with its respective weighting coefficients. Results The general scoring of the 10 wards ranged between 0. 89-1. 08, averaging 0. 99. That of Ward B ranked the highest, and Ward I the lowest of the ten. The medical ability scoring ranged between 0. 87-1. 12, averaging 1. 00;That of Ward B ranked the highest,and Ward I the lowest of the ten. Medical efficiency scoring ranged between 0. 93 -1. 23, averaging 1. 00;That of Ward J ranked the highest,and Ward E the lowest of the ten. Safety scoring ranged between 0. 89-0. 99, averaging 0. 94; That of Ward F ranked the highest, and Ward A the lowest of the ten. Conclusions The medical quality evaluation system based on DRGs can effectively evaluate wards of a gynecology department, supporting their fine management.

Regulation and quality evaluation system for HIV diagnostics in China.

A sophisticated regulatory framework has been constructed for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics in China, which have developed over the past 30 years. China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control acts as the legal institution in this regulatory framework, launching important activities to ensure the quality of HIV diagnostics. These include the analysis of the main problems faced in developing domestic HIV diagnostics, by investigating the quality of HIV diagnostics and their development; exploring the key factors affecting the quality of HIV diagnostics, to determine the criteria for screening national reference samples; the development of new technologies and methods for preparing reference samples; and the establishment of nine types of national reference panels and nine national standards to evaluate the quality of HIV diagnostics. Based on these researches, a quality evaluation system was established, including nine types of national reference panels, nine national standards for HIV diagnostics, and five sample banks (HIV-positive sample bank, HIV-negative sample bank, common international genotype sample bank, seroconversion series sample bank, HIV virus bank) to evaluate the quality of HIV diagnostics in China. The regulatory framework and the quality evaluation system are pivotal in ensuring the quality of the HIV diagnostics licensed in China.

Quality evaluation system of Astragali Radix by chemometrics / 中草药

Objective: To form the evaluation system of Astragali Radix by chemometrics. Methods: To establish the characteristic chromatogram for Astragali Radix with 20 samples from different regions and to analyze the methods data by principal components analysis and cluster analysis. Results: There is significant difference in the content of astragaloside I, IV, formononetin, and z6, z7 (unknown components) among the 17 characteristic components. And these components can be the critical index to distinguish the origin. Conclusion: It is a sensitivity evaluation system for the quality control of Astragali Radix.

Study on fingerprint of Yangyin Qingfei Syrup / 中草药

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Yangyin Qingfei Syrup (YQS), to discuss the differences among the samples from different manufactories and different batches from the same manufactory, and to lay a foundation for optimizing the quality evaluation system. Methods: HPLC was used with Agilent TC-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient eluted with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid. The detection wavelength was 254 nm, column temperature was 30 °C, and flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. Results: The HPLC fingerprint of YQS was established, and 23 common peaks were marked. Obvious differences of similarity and qualities from the different manufactories were observed, and the similarity and qualities from the same manufactory were found to be stable. The 11 samples from the different manufactories were classified into four clusters by cluster analysis. Conclusion: The quality of YQS from the different manufactories is obviously different. It is necessary to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system for YQS.