Analysis of the current situation and trend of home-based individualized nursing for residents in a certain area in China.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the perception, willingness to engage, and demand of community residents regarding the 'internet + nursing service' in a designated pilot area, aiming to offer insights for the widespread adoption of the 'internet + nursing service' throughout China. METHODS: A survey pertaining to the 'internet + nursing service' was conducted from March to April 2022. The study specifically targeted residents within two sub-districts of a city in the Jiangsu province. The sampling technique employed in this study was stratified random sampling. RESULTS: Out of a total of 400 community residents selected from two sub-districts in this region, 378 provided valid responses, resulting in an effective rate of 94.5%. Within the study cohort, 80 participants (21.16%) demonstrated familiarity with the concept of 'internet + nursing service.' Additionally, 231 participants (61.11%) conveyed their willingness to adopt such services. Regarding service preferences, the primary demands were for health guidance, vital sign monitoring, and basic care. Challenges in implementing the service were attributed to concerns related to medical risks, personal safety for both nurses and patients, and potential breaches of privacy. CONCLUSIONS: Residents in the pilot area exhibited a moderate awareness of the 'internet + nursing service,' with a relatively high willingness to embrace the program. There is a need for further refinement of pertinent laws, widespread dissemination of policies, and enhancements in the quality of nursing services. These measures aim to ensure that a greater number of community residents can avail themselves of improved home-based nursing services.

Analysis of urban residential greening in tropical climates using quantitative methods.

Urban green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating urban heat islands, providing shade, cooling, absorbing carbon dioxide, and releasing oxygen to enhance air quality. Understanding the user perceptions of residential greeneries is essential for effective planning and implementation of greening systems. This quantitative research explored user perceptions and preferences regarding residential greeneries through a structured questionnaire survey from 578 respondents. The responses from the densely populated Chennai city and the rest of Tamil Nadu, India, were analyzed. About 90% of residents are interested in having a garden, irrespective of location and residential characteristics. The most available space in Chennai's urban region is a balcony at 45%, followed by front and back gardens at 30% and vice versa for Chennai's suburban areas. The most preferred type is potted plants (30%) and climbers (20%) on balconies and near windows in Chennai. The most perceived challenges are installation and maintenance costs. The most influencing factors over the preference for greeneries and green walls are the house typology, house ownership, and site location. This study provides more insights to building designers and architects on planning and implementation of residential greeneries as per end users' preferences and perceptions.

Patient-physician perception gaps in setting treatment goals and communication including shared decision making: Results from the survey illuminating dialogues and insights in onychomycosis management (IDIOM survey).

Onychomycosis, an infectious disease affecting the nails, can spread within oneself and to others, potentially leading to functional disabilities, therefore achieving a complete cure is necessary. Additionally, shared decision making (SDM) has been gaining attention in the treatment of various diseases in recent years. This study aimed to uncover the realities of patient-physician communication and perception in onychomycosis treatment, particularly in setting treatment goals and the SDM process for selecting therapeutic agents. We conducted a web-based survey of both patients and dermatologists to identify issues in the decision-making process for onychomycosis treatment. The survey revealed several communication challenges between patients and dermatologists regarding onychomycosis treatment. First, a notable percentage of dermatologists do not prioritize a complete cure for onychomycosis in their treatment goals. Second, the dermatologists' treatment explanations tended to emphasize risks, information necessary for appropriate decision-making was not adequately conveyed to patients, and SDM practice was insufficient (the mean scores of SDM-Q-9 and SDM-Q-Doc were 49.0 and 70.9, respectively). Third, dermatologists overestimated the reluctance of older patients to take oral medications. Dermatologists should recognize their patients' expectations for a complete cure for onychomycosis and choose a therapeutic agent that meets patients' needs. Furthermore, dermatologists should explain the benefits and risks of treatment options in a balanced manner, strive for improved patient-physician communication, and aim for a complete cure by administering suitable treatment.

[Business continuity capabilities for disaster preparedness: A comparative study of different industries in Wakayama Prefecture].

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to elucidate the status of business continuity plan (BCP) formulation in businesses, focusing on different industries. It examined their preparation for natural disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and crisis events, such as emerging infectious diseases. METHODS: A total of 1,583 businesses in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, were randomly selected from the Wakayama Occupational Health Support Center workplace list. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed by mail. The questionnaire comprised questions on the business, awareness and formulation status of BCP, and business continuity capabilities in preparation for natural disasters and crisis events. It also explored reasons for the lack of progress in BCP formulation. Businesses were categorized into three groups based on the type of industry: manufacturing (114 companies), lifeline (66 companies), and others (207 companies). RESULTS: Questionnaires were collected from 412 businesses, and 387 of those that responded to the type of industry were analyzed (valid response rate: 24.3%). More than 50% of businesses in all industries were aware of BCP. Regarding the status of BCP formulation, 39.5% of the manufacturing, 34.8% of the lifeline, and 41.5% of others had already formulated or were formulating a BCP. Many lifeline businesses had not taken any measures to prepare facilities and allocate funds for emergencies. Additionally, 49% were at high risk of being forced to close down due to disasters. As the background to the lack of progress in formulating a BCP, 60.9% of lifeline businesses did not know what to develop or how to consider it. In addition, 44.2% of others had to secure the time and human resources necessary for formulation. CONCLUSIONS: Although awareness of BCPs is increasing, their formulation has not progressed significantly. In particular, BCP formulation has been delayed in lifeline industries, resulting in low business continuity capabilities. Given that many businesses do not know the contents or methods of formulating BCPs, it is suggested that educating relevant parties about using templates is necessary. This approach can reduce the time required for formulation and enable the creation of a BCP even without detailed human resources.

Risk management of sports service supply chain using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and intelligent neural network.

The sports service supply chain faces various potential risks, such as market fluctuations, logistics issues, and partner uncertainties. To address these risks effectively, this study employs a combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methods and intelligent neural networks to create an innovative risk management framework. By considering diverse uncertainties and leveraging the analytical power of intelligent neural networks, this study aims to optimize the operation of the sports service supply chain and explore the risk factors within the public service supply chain of stadiums. This framework provides policy references to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the sports service industry. The main empirical findings, based on a representative survey of experts in China, are as follows: (1) When determining the weights of risk indicators for managing the public service supply chain of stadiums using the FCE method, the customer risk indicator is of paramount importance, with a weight of 0.286, accounting for 95.2 % of the total significance; and (2) In evaluating various risk indicators of the public service supply chain of stadiums through the neural network method, the customer risk indicator scores the highest, achieving a score of 76.02. Notably, the customer complaint risk indicator scores slightly higher at 79.33. Based on these findings, the study recommends focusing on enhancing customer experience within risk management strategies. Additionally, it suggests strengthening the supervision of platforms and third-party activities to ensure the stability and efficient operation of the stadium service supply chain. This study aims to provide theoretical support and reference indicators for evaluating the public service capabilities of stadiums.

Diurnal rail noise measurement, analysis, and evaluation of associated health impacts on residents living in the proximity of rail track area.

In India, railway is the major transportation mode for carrying goods and people. The tracks for the movement of the rail were initially constructed in the city for the pre-eminence and expediency of the vantage of the people. Rapid modernization and increasing population in the city crammed the area around the railway tracks. Moving rail on the tracks passing through the city is not compatible, which is creating problems for the nearby residents. In the urban and suburban regions, the railway noise has become a major problem. This study was conducted to examine the perception of the physiological and psychological effects of railway noise in the nearby areas of railway stations in Delhi, India. For this purpose, 10 sites near the railway station were selected for the study. To assess the impact of railway noise pollution on the health of humans, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The data of 344 individuals were collected through the questionnaire survey and analyzed to get the perception towards railway noise. Noise level was monitored by a Sound Level Meter (SLM) and the equivalent noise level (Leq) in dB(A) was used to compute the noise pollution in three shifts, i.e., morning, noon, and evening time. Results showed that 57.65% of female and 86.11% of male respondents in the survey reported the disturbance due to railway noise. The level of noise pollution was found higher in the evening time as compared to the noon and morning period, which exceeds the limit set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at all the monitored locations. Findings of the study show that the primary cause of the health problems is railroad noise, which is negatively impacting the health of the residents, who are living in the proximity of the rail track region. The perception survey reported that headache, sleep disturbance, irritation, and stress are common health issues among the locals residing around the railway track proximity in Delhi.

Enhancing end-of-life care quality and achieving a good death for the elderly in Japan.

BACKGROUND: In the context of an aging populations, there is an escalating need for palliative care tailored to the needs of the elderly. This study aimed to assess differences in symptoms and good death among the elderly, along with the structures and processes involved in end-of life care, and to explore the impact of age on achieving a good death. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire survey for bereaved family members of patients with cancer, heart disease, stroke, pneumonia, and kidney failure in 2019 and 2020. The study population was categorized into the following age groups: ≤64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85. The outcomes included symptom intensity, achievement of a good death, and receipt of quality care. RESULTS: In total, 62,576 bereaved family members agreed to participate in the survey (response rate; 54.0 %). The weighted percentages of 'severe' and 'very severe' symptoms decreased with age. These trends were observed across age groups, even among the elderly. The strongest effect of age on achieving a good death was found for 'feeling that life is complete' with reference to those aged ≤64 years: 65-74 years (odds ratio [OR]; 2.09, 95 % CI; 1.94 to 2.25), 75-84 years (OR; 4.86, 95 % CI; 4.52 to 5.22) and ≥85 years (OR; 12.8, 95 % CI; 11.9 to 13.8). CONCLUSION: Age-specific differences were observed in quality of death, quality of care, and symptom intensity. It is important to provide individualized consideration for each age group rather than categorizing them broadly as the elderly when caring for them.

Texture Analysis of Food Samples Used for the Evaluation of Masticatory Function.

Introduction Food questionnaire surveys are often used to evaluate masticatory function. In daily clinical practice in Japan, a survey is performed using a list of food groups suitable for the Japanese diet. The foods on the list were categorized into five food groups based on their mastication index. The patient's masticatory function is determined by the food groups that can be eaten. The masticatory index, which indicates chewability, was defined based on the percentage of 110 denture wearers who responded that they could eat food normally. A survey with this list is useful because of its simplicity; however, there is a lack of objective data on the physical properties of food samples. Consequently, to make the results of the food questionnaire survey more objective indicators, we performed a texture analysis of the food samples on the list. Methods We performed a texture analysis of 93 samples from 77 food items on the list. Compression tests were performed using a texture analyzer, and hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, viscosity, and gumminess were calculated by a texture profile analysis. Results Even with the same ingredients, the results differed depending on the presence or absence of food skin, the direction of pressing (vertical or horizontal), cooking methods, and temperature differences. However, the masticatory index was negatively correlated with hardness (-0.4157, p<0.001) and gumminess which is determined as the product of hardness×cohesiveness (-0.4980, p<0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that the masticatory index indicating chewability may be related to the hardness and cohesiveness of food samples. Even for foods with the same hardness, the degree of difficulty in forming a food mass is expected to vary depending on differences in cohesiveness. Moreover, the presence or absence of food skin, the direction of food fibers, cooking methods, and temperature differences change the physical properties of the food. Therefore, the composition and structure of the foods or eating habits of patients should be taken into consideration when conducting a food questionnaire survey.

The Impact of Prior Authorization on Clinical Practice and Patient Care Outcomes: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Prior Authorization Task Force.

The Prior Authorization Task Force of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), a presidential initiative of David Khan, MD, FAAAI, was established to develop an AAAAI position statement outlining ways to improve health care for our patients, to support legislation that advocates for prior authorization (PA) reform and identify the impact PA has on its membership using a questionnaire survey. This article describes the results of this survey. An electronic anonymous survey questionnaire was developed to assess the impact and burden of PA on AAAAI members and their staff and patients. Surveys were sent to randomly selected members and fellows of the AAAAI in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results by the Information Services team of the AAAAI and the authors of this work group report. The questionnaire responses from allergy immunology specialists demographically reflected the AAAAI membership and indicate that PAs can significantly affect patient care delivery and increase administrative burden to clinical practices, leading to serious adverse events in some circumstances. Differential responses regarding PAs for various medication classes likely reflect the physician's patient population, which can shift prescribing patterns. Prior authorization is a serious health care problem that is wasting financial resources and needlessly placing patients in danger when they are unable to access medications or medical services required for clinical management. The results of this questionnaire study support the recommendations made in the recent AAAAI position statement on PA.

Questionnaire Survey to Identify the Medical Departments That Patients With Possible Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Symptoms Tend to Choose.

In the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC), any delay in omit initiation worsens the overall prognosis. Thus, the early start of HNC treatment is crucial. Unfortunately, treatment delays persist in clinical practice. There are several possible reasons for this. One reason is that patients with HNC do not visit an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor. This is because non-ENT doctors (e.g., general practitioners {GPs}) lack expertise in HNC and therefore may unrecognize it. Therefore, guiding patients with suspected HNC symptoms to an otorhinolaryngologist, an HNC specialist, is necessary. To determine the departments that patients with potential HNC symptoms tend to select, we administered a questionnaire survey to 140 participants. Fewer than 60% of respondents indicated they would consult an otorhinolaryngologist even when recognizing symptoms suggestive of HNC. Notably, a significantly low percentage of respondents mentioned they would consult an otorhinolaryngologist for neck masses. Public awareness of HNC symptoms, especially the association between a neck mass and HNC, is limited. The lack of understanding by the general public regarding the relationship between neck masses and HNC is a challenge to prompt initiation of treatment.

[Investigation of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among residents in Yantai City in 2021].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. METHODS: Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman's rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. RESULTS: A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.

Questionnaire survey on hands-on simulation training using a dental humanoid robot (SIMROID®).

INTRODUCTION: A dental humanoid robot, SIMROID®, is able to replicate the actions characteristic of human beings and enable training for communicating with patients and coping with unexpected situations. This study assessed user experiences via a survey questionnaire following hands-on training on the SIMROID®. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 112 participants, consisting of 50 high school students who visited AUSD (Asahi University School of Dentistry) to participate in open campus events, 42 fourth-year students at AUSD and 20 dental students from Mexico State Autonomy University, University of Siena and Peking University took the survey. The participants observed the movements and reactions of a SIMROID® robot placed on a dental unit for approximately 20 min after which they completed a questionnaire survey. Both Japanese and English versions of the questionnaire were prepared for local and visiting foreign dental students. The questionnaire comprised 8 items, with a further two items for those undertaking dental training and an open comment field. RESULTS: All participants who observed the SIMROID® completed the questionnaire giving a 100% response rate. Generally, simulation training with SIMROID® was highly appreciated by all participants. The comprehensive evaluation score for SIMROID® was 4.56 ± 0.50 points for high school students, 4.05 ± 0.82 points for students at AUSD and 4.70 ± 0.47 points for foreign dental students, showing all participants had a very positive experience and impression of the SIMROID®. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, simulation training using SIMROID® seems beneficial learning tool.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Teledentistry Among Dental Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Modern technologies have led to the development of new tools, practices, and digital techniques. However, their use in public health to provide adequate oral health facilities to the community is limited. One of the facilities that can help provide better oral health with minimal cost is teledentistry. The application of this approach will reduce inequalities in accessing oral healthcare. Knowledge of the use of teledentistry is of the utmost importance to its practice. Hence, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to assess the knowledge of and attitude regarding teledentistry among dental professionals in the Sangli district of Maharashtra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 24-unit structured online validated questionnaire with six questions regarding participants' sociodemographic information and 18 questions related to their knowledge and attitude toward teledentistry and informed consent forms were circulated via email among 100 dentists, and the responses obtained were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of 100 responses, 61 showed basic knowledge and a typical attitude toward teledentistry. Urban practitioners were more familiar with teledentistry than rural ones. CONCLUSION: This survey concludes that the branch of teledentistry still needs to be studied and publicized at a greater level to accelerate its widespread implementation in dentistry and especially to increase the outreach and time efficiency of dentistry.

A machine learning based method for constructing group profiles of university students.

This study facilitates university student profiling by constructing a prediction model to forecast the classification of future students participating in a survey, thereby enhancing the utility and effectiveness of the questionnaire approach. In the context of the ongoing digital transformation of campuses, higher education institutions are increasingly prioritizing student educational development. This shift aligns with the maturation of big data technology, prompting scholars to focus on profiling university student education. While earlier research in this area, particularly foreign studies, focus on extracting data from specific learning contexts and often relied on single data sources, our study addresses these limitations. We employ a comprehensive approach, incorporating questionnaire surveys to capture a diverse array of student data. Considering various university student attributes, we create a holistic profile of the student population. Furthermore, we use clustering techniques to develop a categorical prediction model. In our clustering analysis, we employ the K-means algorithm to group student survey data. The results reveal four distinct student profiles: Diligent Learners, Earnest Individuals, Discerning Achievers, and Moral Advocates. These profiles are subsequently used to label student groups. For the classification task, we leverage these labels to establish a prediction model based on the Back Propagation neural network, with the goal of assigning students to their respective groups. Through meticulous model optimization, an impressive classification accuracy of 90.22% is achieved. Our research offers a novel perspective and serves as a valuable methodological reference for university student profiling.

Exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment after changes to the insurance regime: a nationwide questionnaire survey in Japan.

In April 2022, an additional medical fee for exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment was approved for insurance claims in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the current situation regarding exercise therapy during haemodialysis treatment after this change. Questionnaires were mailed to 4257 haemodialysis facilities, almost all the haemodialysis facilities in Japan, on January 31, 2023. In total, 1657 facilities responded, of which 550 (33%) provided exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment, and 65% of these claimed the new fee. Of the 550 facilities that had claimed the fee at the time of survey, 245 (55%) started exercise instruction in April 2022 or later. Exercise instruction focused on resistance training (81%) and aerobic exercise (62%) for 20-30 min (66%) three times a week (80%). The instructors included physicians in 45% of facilities, nurses in 74%, and physical therapists in 36%. Efficacy was evaluated in 76% of the facilities providing instruction, mainly by assessing change in muscle strength (49%). Overall, 39% of facilities had experienced some adverse events, but none were life-threatening. In conclusion, after the change in the insurance regime, exercise instruction during haemodialysis treatment has become more popular, and more patients on haemodialysis are undergoing exercise therapy.

Analysis of the fatigue status of medical security personnel during the closed-loop period using multiple machine learning methods: a case study of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.

Using machine learning methods to analyze the fatigue status of medical security personnel and the factors influencing fatigue (such as BMI, gender, and wearing protective clothing working hours), with the goal of identifying the key factors contributing to fatigue. By validating the predicted outcomes, actionable and practical recommendations can be offered to enhance fatigue status, such as reducing wearing protective clothing working hours. A questionnaire was designed to assess the fatigue status of medical security personnel during the closed-loop period, aiming to capture information on fatigue experienced during work and disease recovery. The collected data was then preprocessed and used to determine the structural parameters for each machine learning algorithm. To evaluate the prediction performance of different models, the mean relative error (MRE) and goodness of fit (R2) between the true and predicted values were calculated. Furthermore, the importance rankings of various parameters in relation to fatigue status were determined using the RF feature importance analysis method. The fatigue status of medical security personnel during the closed-loop period was analyzed using multiple machine learning methods. The prediction performance of these methods was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Gradient Boosting Regression (GBM) > Random Forest (RF) > Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) > K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) > Support Vector Regression (SVR). Among these algorithms, four out of the five achieved good prediction results, with the GBM method performing the best. The five most critical parameters influencing fatigue status were identified as working hours in protective clothing, a customized symptom and disease score (CSDS), physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and age, all of which had importance scores exceeding 0.06. Notably, working hours in protective clothing obtained the highest importance score of 0.54, making it the most critical factor impacting fatigue status. Fatigue is a prevalent and pressing issue among medical security personnel operating in closed-loop environments. In our investigation, we observed that the GBM method exhibited superior predictive performance in determining the fatigue status of medical security personnel during the closed-loop period, surpassing other machine learning techniques. Notably, our analysis identified several critical factors influencing the fatigue status of medical security personnel, including the duration of working hours in protective clothing, CSDS, and engagement in physical exercise. These findings shed light on the multifaceted nature of fatigue among healthcare workers and emphasize the importance of considering various contributing factors. To effectively alleviate fatigue, prudent management of working hours for security personnel, along with minimizing the duration of wearing protective clothing, proves to be promising strategies. Furthermore, promoting regular physical exercise among medical security personnel can significantly impact fatigue reduction. Additionally, the exploration of medication interventions and the adoption of innovative protective clothing options present potential avenues for mitigating fatigue. The insights derived from this study offer valuable guidance to management personnel involved in organizing large-scale events, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted interventions to address fatigue among medical security personnel. In our upcoming research, we will further expand the fatigue dataset while considering higher precisionprediction algorithms, such as XGBoost model, ensemble model, etc., and explore their potential contributions to our research.

Current status and issues regarding surgical education in the region: a questionnaire survey in Oita prefecture in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The shortage and aging of surgeons in regional surgical care has been remarkable, and the importance of surgical education for young surgeons in the region is only increasing. However, there are very few reports about regional surgical education. This study aimed to clarify the current status and issues regarding surgical education in regional surgical care and to examine the ideal way to provide surgical education in the region. METHODS: Two questionnaire surveys were carried out. (1) "Survey on the awareness regarding the education of young surgeons" was conducted by mail in institutions where surgeons worked. (2) "Survey on the current status of surgical education for young surgeons" was conducted via the Internet with surgeons under 40 years old and mentors at the same facility. RESULTS: There were 175 respondents to survey (1), among whom 131 (75%) surgeons were interested in educating young surgeons, and 112 (64%) were actively participating in this educating. Regarding the best evaluation methods for mentors who are educating young surgeons, the most frequent answer was "I don't know (51%)". The number of respondents in survey (2) was 87, including 27 (31%) young surgeons and 60 (69%) mentors. Although there was no difference between young surgeons and mentors in the level of satisfaction with the current status of young surgeons, 37% of young surgeons in urban areas were dissatisfied with their current status, compared to 0% in the regional area (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although surgeons did not have confidence in their own education, the level of satisfaction among young surgeons was high even in those providing regional surgical care. Development of an evaluation system for surgical education is necessary for young surgeons to receive more effective surgical education in the region.

Online harassment of Japanese celebrities and influencers.

Famous people, such as celebrities and influencers, are harassed online on a daily basis. Online harassment mentally disturbs them and negatively affects society. However, limited studies have been conducted on the online harassment victimization of famous people, and its effects remain unclear. We surveyed Japanese famous people (N = 213), who were influential people who appeared on television and other traditional media and on social media, regarding online harassment victimization, emotional injury, and action against offenders and revealed that various forms of online harassment are prevalent. Some victims used the anti-harassment functions provided by weblogs and social media systems (e.g., blocking/muting/reporting offender accounts and closing comment forms), talked about their victimization to close people, and contacted relevant authorities to take legal action (talent agencies, legal consultants, and police). By contrast, some victims felt compelled to accept harassment and did not initiate action for offenses. We propose several approaches to support victims, inhibit online harassment, and educate people. Our findings help that platforms establish support systems against online harassment.

Patient Preference for Surgical Methods for Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Mastectomy has been the standard surgical treatment for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). Recently, there has been growing interest in repeat breast-conserving surgery (rBCS) for IBTR among breast surgeons; however, there is currently little information regarding patient preferences for surgical procedure for IBTR. The purpose of this study was to evaluate preference for surgical procedure (mastectomy vs. rBCS) among breast cancer patients who had undergone salvage surgery for IBTR. METHODS: Overall, 100 breast cancer patients who had undergone salvage surgery for IBTR were asked about their preferred surgical methods for IBTR and the reason. The association of patient preference and the reasons related to various clinical and pathological factors were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 100 respondents, only 11 patients (11%) preferred rBCS. Patients who had undergone rBCS and radiotherapy for IBTR were significantly more likely to prefer to undergo rBCS than other groups (p = 0.030). The most frequent reason for choosing rBCS was the patient's desire to minimize breast deformity and surgical wounds. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that there is a low rate of patients who opt to undergo rBCS among patients who had undergone salvage surgery for IBTR. Discrepancies in perceptions regarding the surgical procedure for IBTR between patients and their surgeons may exist.

A Survey of Knowledge and Attitude of College Students Toward Hearing Loss Prevention.

BACKGROUND: College students risk hearing loss due to loud sound exposure during leisure activities. Hearing loss prevention is possible by reducing the noise from the source, using hearing protection devices and increasing their knowledge and awareness on the effects of loud sound exposure. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of college students regarding hearing loss and its prevention. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design with a survey method was adopted. A total of 94 college students (mean age: 22 years; range: 18 to 26) who were pursuing an undergraduate and postgraduate degree (50 males and 44 females) formed the part of the study. The researcher administered a standardized self-reported Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour questionnaire. The knowledge score in percentage and absolute scores for attitude were estimated. RESULTS: The mean knowledge score was 35.8 (SD ± 12.18; range: 12.5-75), and the attitude score was + 9.8 (SD ± 7.1; range: - 4 to + 30). Chi square test revealed no significant association between knowledge and attitude to sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSION:  The study indicated that though college students lack knowledge, they had a positive attitude regarding hearing health and its protection. These findings implicate the importance of creating awareness and encouraging hearing protection strategies for college students.