Nutritional Intervention to Improve the Quality of Lunchboxes Among Mexican School Children.

In Mexico, the type of foods included in the lunchboxes of school children are unhealthy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention program to improve the quality of the foods in the lunchboxes. Two schools were randomly selected as the intervention group (IG) and two more as the control group (CG). The evaluation was performed by comparing a food list from 3 days before and 6 months after the intervention. The components of the intervention included: exposure to posters inside and outside the classrooms and the distribution of pamphlets to parents, the pamphlets provided recipes and information about healthy foods. A lunchbox was considered adequate (AL) if it had less than 276 cal, fruits or vegetables, and an item prepared at home; a healthy lunchbox (HL) consisted of fruits or vegetables, water, and it did not have unhealthy foods. At the beginning of the study there were no significant differences in the compliance of AL and HL in both groups. By the end of the study, 19 % of the children in the IG and 10 % of the children in the CG met the criteria of a HL (p = 0.002). The results of this study demonstrate that a simple, 6 month intervention targeting parents improved the quality of the foods in the lunchboxes of second and sixth graders.

Radiographic evaluation of immediately loaded implants supporting 2-3 units fixed bridges in the posterior maxilla: a 3-year follow-up prospective randomized controlled multicenter clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival rate and alveolar bone levels at implants installed in healed sites and functionally loaded within 1 h from installation or after 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients (17 male and 13 female) were recruited and 71 implants with a SLA(®) surface, 4.1 mm in diameter and 8-12 mm long, were installed in a fully healed alveolar ridge, 36 as test and 35 as control implants. The test implants were immediately loaded with a temporary reconstruction in proper occlusion, while the randomly selected control sites received the final reconstruction after 3 months. Radiographic bone levels were determined after implant installation, prosthesis delivery, and at annual intervals thereafter. RESULTS: One patient of the control and one patient of the test were excluded from evaluation. No further losses of implants or patients were seen up to the 3-year follow-up. Hence, data from 28 patients were accounted for. A total of 37 and 36 metal-ceramic crowns were provided at the test and control sites, respectively. No biological and technical complications were observed during the 3-year follow-up. Bone levels at the time of implant installation were at 1.6 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.9 mm from the implant shoulder at the test and control sites, respectively. At prosthesis delivery, the bone levels were located at 2.4 ± 0.7 mm at the control sites 3 months after implant placement. After 1 year of function, similar bone levels were observed at both sites, displaying 2.4 ± 1.0 and 2.5 ± 0.8 mm at the test and control sites, respectively. No differences were found in the subsequent observation periods. CONCLUSION: Survival rates and radiographic bone levels after 1, 2, and 3 years of observation did not differ between conventionally installed implants loaded immediately or delayed (after 3 months). Moreover, insertion torque values did not affect osseointegration.

Pautas de chequeo, parte I: consort y trend / Cheklists, part I: consort and trend

One of the most common problems in scientific articles is its poor reporting, a situation that leads to lack of information, affecting internal and external validity, questioning his contribution and usefulness. This has been studied leading to propositions by the international scientific community, reflected in a series of guidelines or checklists as CONSORT and TREND for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-randomized intervention studies (NRISs) respectively. The CONSORT checklist was created in 1996, with a final version in 2010, consisting of 25 items, grouped into 6 domains: Title and Summary, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Other information; representing the critical points in a RCT report. In many cases RCTs are no feasible so other research designs such as NRISs has to be executed, for this design the TREND checklist was developed in 2004, consisting of 22 items, grouped into 5 domains: Title and Summary, Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. Even when the evidence has been contradictory regarding the impact of these checklists, they represent an important tool to improve biomedical research. This article tries to explain these checklists and encourage its use by the authors of the Revista Chilena de Cirugía, in function to contribute to continuous improvement of their articles in a simple and efficient way.

Uno de los problemas más frecuentes en los artículos científicos es su deficiente reporte, situación que redunda en falta de información, afectando la validez interna y externa, cuestionando su aporte y utilidad. Esta situación ha sido motivo de estudio y propuestas por parte de la comunidad científica internacional, que se materializan en una serie de pautas de chequeo o checklists como CONSORT y TREND para ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) y estudios de intervención no aleatorizados (EINA) respectivamente. La propuesta CONSORT nace en 1996, con una última versión en 2010, constituida por 25 ítems, agrupados en 6 dominios: Título y Resumen, Introducción, Metodología, Resultados, Discusión y Otra información; representando puntos esenciales a reportar en un ECA. En muchas ocasiones se debe recurrir a otro tipo de diseños de investigación como los EINA, para los que en 2004 se desarrolló la pauta TREND, el cual consta de 22 ítems, agrupados en 5 dominios: Título y resumen, Introducción, Métodos, Resultados y Discusión. Aun cuando la evidencia ha sido contradictoria respecto al impacto de estas pautas, estas representan una herramienta relevante para mejorar la investigación biomédica. El presente artículo intenta dar a conocer estos checklists e incentivar su uso por parte de los autores de la Revista Chilena de Cirugía, con lo cual se espera contribuir a una mejora continua de sus artículos de una forma simple y eficiente.

Fisioterapia domiciliar (autotratamento) x ambulatorial, na reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: ensaio clínico controlado / Physiotherapy home x ambulatory in the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: controlled clinical trial

Objetivo: Neste ensaio clínico, controlado e randomizado foi avaliada a efetividade dos resultados dos programas de fisioterapia domiciliar (autotratamento) com os ambulatoriais convencionais em pacientes submetidos à reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior com ligamento da patela. Métodos: Cumpriram aos critérios de inclusão 24 pacientes, sendo o grupo I (n = 12) ? com tratamento fisioterápico ambulatorial e o grupo II (n = 12) ? com orientação e treinamento para realizar o autotratamento domiciliar. Todos foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de fisioterapia, os pacientes do grupo I foram encaminhados a ambulatórios de fisioterapia, enquanto os do grupo II foram educados a fazerem os exercícios em casa, utilizando materiais domésticos. Ambos os grupos foram orientados e conscientizados no período pré-operatório da importância de realizarem os exercícios diariamente em casa após o procedimento cirúrgico, em dois períodos do dia. Foram treinados para a marcha de 03 pontos, fazendo primeiramente o toque do calcanhar ao solo com o joelho estendido, bem como para os exercícios. Resultados: Os dados coletados por meio do questionário SF-36, Lysholm, IKDC, KT1000â, avaliação física no pré e pós-operatório com quatro meses, além da avaliação isocinética não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos I e II. Conclusão: O autotratamento fisioterápico e a fisioterapia ambulatorial na recuperação pós-operatória de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução do LCA resultaram em melhora, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles ao final de quatro meses de tratamento.