RESUMO
Proteasome regulatory particles(RPs) play a vital role in many essential signaling pathways for the regulation of protein degradation and maintenance of cell homeostasis. The mechanism of eukaryotic proteasomes in cancer treatment and drug development has attracted widespread attention. Currently, three proteasome inhibitors are already in use in clinical treatments. There is continuous in-depth research on proteasome structures as well as functions using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Recently, the atomic structure of three types of RPs has been resolved. Type 1 is conservative RP 19S (PA700). Type 2 is the 11S RP PA28 (PA28α, PA28β, PA28γ) and PA26. Type 3 is a conservative Blm10/PA200 proteasome RP. The Type 1 proteasome RP carries out protein degradation activity in an ATP-dependent manner, types 2 and 3 function in an ATP-independent manner. By studying the structure and function of three different types of proteasome RPs, the mechanism of proteasome activity was clarified and the development of inhibitors based on the structure was promoted. Based on the structural biology research of proteasome RPs, this article systematically summarizes the structural biological characteristics of the three types of proteins and the research progress of their mechanisms of regulation of different cellular processes. This will increase our knowledge about proteasome research developments and will provide important reference information for drug design in cancer treatment.
