Influence of sex on the timing of coronary angiography and the prescription of antiplatelet therapy in patients with nonST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. / Impacto del sexo en los tiempos de cateterismo y en el uso de pretratamiento antiagregante plaquetario en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST).

OBJECTIVES: To assess differences in the clinical management of nonST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), including in-hospital events, according to biological sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational multicenter study of patients diagnosed with NSTEMI and atherosclerosis who underwent coronary angiography. RESULTS: We enrolled 1020 patients in April and May 2022; 240 (23.5%) were women. Women were older than men on average (72.6 vs 66.5 years, P .001), and more women were frail (17.1% vs 5.6%, P .001). No difference was observed in pretreatment with any P2Y12 inhibitor (prescribed in 68.8% of women vs 70.2% of men, P = .67); however, more women than men were prescribed clopidogrel (56% vs 44%, P = .009). Women prescribed clopidogrel were more often under the age of 75 years and not frail. Coronary angiography was performed within 24 hours less corooften in women (29.8% vs 36.9%, P = .03) even when high risk was recognized. Frailty was independently associated with deferring coronary angiography in the adjusted analysis; biological sex by itself was not related. The frequency and type of revascularization were the same in both sexes, and there were no differences in in-hospital cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: Women were more often prescribed less potent antithrombotic therapy than men. Frailty, but not sex, correlated independently with deferral of coronary angiography. However, we detected no differences in the frequency of coronary revascularization or in-hospital events according to sex.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las diferencias en el manejo clínico y eventos intrahospitalarios en una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) en función del sexo. METODO: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico que incluyó pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de SCASEST sometidos a coronariografía con enfermedad ateroesclerótica responsable. RESULTADOS: Entre abril y mayo de 2022 se incluyeron 1.020 pacientes; de ellos, 240 eran mujeres (23,5%). En comparación con los hombres, las mujeres fueron mayores (72,6 años vs 66,5 años; p 0,001) y más frágiles (17,1% vs 5,6%; p 0,001). No hubo diferencias en el pretratamiento con un inhibidor del receptor P2Y12 (68,8% vs 70,2%, p = 0,67), aunque las mujeres recibieron más pretratamiento con clopidogrel (56% vs 44%, p = 0,009), principalmente aquellas de edad 75 años y sin fragilidad. En las mujeres se realizaron menos coronariografías precoces (# 24 h) (29,8% vs 36,9%; p = 0,03) a pesar de presentar la misma indicación (criterios de alto riesgo). En el análisis ajustado, la fragilidad, pero no el sexo, se asoció de forma independiente con la realización de una coronariografía diferida. La tasa y el tipo de revascularización fue igual en ambos sexos, y no hubo diferencias en los eventos cardiovasculares intrahospitalarios. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres recibieron con mayor frecuencia un tratamiento antitrombótico menos potente. La fragilidad y no el sexo se asoció con la realización de coronariografía diferida. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en la tasa de revascularización coronaria ni en los eventos intrahospitalarios en función del sexo.

Timing of coronary angiography and use of antiplatelet pretreatment in patients with NSTEACS in Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal timing of coronary angiography in patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) as well as the need for pretreatment are controversial. The main objective of the IMPACT-TIMING-GO registry was to assess the proportion of patients undergoing an early invasive strategy (0-24hours) without dual antiplatelet therapy (no pretreatment strategy) in Spain. METHODS: This observational, prospective, and multicenter study included consecutive patients with NSTEACS who underwent coronary angiography that identified a culprit lesion. RESULTS: Between April and May 2022, we included 1021 patients diagnosed with NSTEACS, with a mean age of 67±12 years (23.6% women). A total of 87% of the patients were deemed at high risk (elevated troponin; electrocardiogram changes; GRACE score>140) but only 37.8% underwent an early invasive strategy, and 30.3% did not receive pretreatment. Overall, 13.6% of the patients underwent an early invasive strategy without pretreatment, while the most frequent strategy was a deferred angiography under antiplatelet pretreatment (46%). During admission, 9 patients (0.9%) died, while major bleeding occurred in 34 (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, only 13.6% of patients with NSTEACS undergoing coronary angiography received an early invasive strategy without pretreatment. The incidence of cardiovascular and severe bleeding events during admission was low.

Tiempos de cateterismo y uso de pretratamiento antiagregante plaquetario en pacientes con SCASEST en España / Timing of coronary angiography and use of antiplatelet pretreatment in patients with NSTEACS in Spain

Introducción y objetivos El momento óptimo para un cateterismo en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST) y la necesidad de pretratamiento son motivo de controversia. El objetivo principal del registro IMPACT-TIMING-GO es conocer el porcentaje de pacientes examinados con una coronariografía precoz (0-24 h) y que no recibieron doble antiagregación plaquetaria antes del cateterismo (estrategia sin pretratamiento) en España. Métodos Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico, que incluyó a pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de SCASEST sometidos a cateterismo en los que se evidenció enfermedad coronaria ateroesclerótica causal. Resultados Entre abril y mayo de 2022 se incluyó a 1.021 pacientes (media de edad, 67±12 años; el 23,6% mujeres). El 86,8% de los pacientes cumplían criterios de alto riesgo (elevación de troponina, cambios electrocardiográficos o puntuación GRACE>140); sin embargo, únicamente el 37,8% se sometió a una estrategia invasiva precoz, y el 30,3% no recibió pretratamiento. Globalmente, solo el 13,6% de los pacientes se sometieron a una estrategia invasiva precoz sin un segundo antiagregante plaquetario, y la estrategia diferida con pretratamiento fue la más utilizada (46%). Durante el ingreso, 9 pacientes (0,9%) fallecieron y 34 (3,3%) presentaron una hemorragia grave. Conclusiones En España, solo el 13,6% de los pacientes con SCASEST sometidos a cateterismo reciben una estrategia invasiva precoz sin pretratamiento. La incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares y hemorragias graves en el ingreso es baja. (AU)

Introduction and objectives The optimal timing of coronary angiography in patients admitted with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) as well as the need for pretreatment are controversial. The main objective of the IMPACT-TIMING-GO registry was to assess the proportion of patients undergoing an early invasive strategy (0-24hours) without dual antiplatelet therapy (no pretreatment strategy) in Spain. Methods This observational, prospective, and multicenter study included consecutive patients with NSTEACS who underwent coronary angiography that identified a culprit lesion. Results Between April and May 2022, we included 1021 patients diagnosed with NSTEACS, with a mean age of 67±12 years (23.6% women). A total of 87% of the patients were deemed at high risk (elevated troponin; electrocardiogram changes; GRACE score>140) but only 37.8% underwent an early invasive strategy, and 30.3% did not receive pretreatment. Overall, 13.6% of the patients underwent an early invasive strategy without pretreatment, while the most frequent strategy was a deferred angiography under antiplatelet pretreatment (46%). During admission, 9 patients (0.9%) died, while major bleeding occurred in 34 (3.3%). Conclusions In Spain, only 13.6% of patients with NSTEACS undergoing coronary angiography received an early invasive strategy without pretreatment. The incidence of cardiovascular and severe bleeding events during admission was low. (AU)

Outcomes after complete dissolution of everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds implanted during routine practice.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Long-term outcomes of unselected patients treated with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation are lacking, especially for the period after complete dissolution of the BVS. This study sought to evaluate 5-year outcomes in patients treated with BVS in routine practice. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent implantation of everolimus-eluting BVS during routine clinical practice at 2 high-volume centres in Germany were studied. The patients were followed-up for up to 5 years. The primary endpoints of interest were the composite of death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization, as well as definite scaffold thrombosis. RESULTS: A total of 419 patients (mean age 66.6 ± 10.9 years; 31.5% had diabetes) were included, of whom 38.9% presented with an acute coronary syndrome. Of the 527 lesions treated, 49.0% were classified as complex and 13.1% were bifurcation lesions. At 5 years, the composite clinical endpoint occurred in 33.1% of patients and definite scaffold thrombosis occurred in 4.7%. Most definite scaffold thrombosis occurred within 2 years after BVS implantation. CONCLUSIONS: In patients treated with BVS implantation in routine clinical practice the rates of adverse clinical events at 5 years were high, including a considerable incidence of scaffold thrombosis.

Diferencias de género en la presentación clínica y angiográfica del Síndrome Coronario Agudo / Gender differences in the clinical and angiographic presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome

RESUMEN Introducción: El Síndrome Coronario Agudo es considerado una complicación de la ateroesclerosis con alta morbilidad y mortalidad en ambos sexos. Tiene un importante impacto socioeconómico evidenciado en los años de vida potencial perdidos. Objetivo: Caracterizar por clínica y angiografía a mujeres y hombres diagnosticados con Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño transversal con 214 pacientes, del Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Doménech" de Camagüey, desde enero de 2015 hasta enero de 2017. La fuente primaria estuvo dada por el informe escrito de los resultados de la coronariografía realizada en el Cardiocentro "Ernesto Che Guevara" de Villa Clara y las historias clínicas hospitalarias de cada paciente; se llenó un formulario con las siguientes variables: grupos de edades, sexo, factores de riesgo, forma clínica de presentación, resultado coronariográfico y conducta médica. Este documento se computarizó, se aplicaron pruebas de significación estadística y los resultados se ilustraron en tablas. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres, edad mayor de 60 años, la hipertensión arterial fue el factor de riesgo coronario de mayor representatividad para ambos sexos y se afectó de manera significativa la arteria descendente anterior. Conclusiones: A medida que avanza la edad las mujeres tienen igual o más riesgo que los hombres de sufrir enfermedad arterial coronaria, pues en ambos se incrementa la exposición a los predictores de riesgo. Las diferencias en las formas de expresión clínica, angiográfica y percepción de la enfermedad, determinan las estrategias de intervención y conducta médica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome is a complication of atherosclerosis with high morbidity and mortality in both sexes. It has an important socioeconomic impact which is evidenced in the years of potential life lost. Objective: To characterize women and men diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome by performing angiography in the clinical practice. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 214 patients from the Cardiology Service of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey from January 2015 to January 2017. The primary source was the written report of the results of the coronary angiography performed at Ernesto Che Guevara Health Center in Villa Clara and the clinical record of each patient. A database was developed for the following variables: age groups, sex, risk factors, clinical presentation, result of coronary angiography and medical behavior. This document was computerized; tests of statistical significance were applied and the results were illustrated in four tables. Results: Men and age over 60 years predominated in the study; arterial hypertension was the most representative coronary risk factor in both sexes and the anterior descending artery was significantly affected. Conclusions: With advancing age, women are at the same or greater risk of presenting coronary artery disease than men. In both genders, the risk factors increase. The differences in the clinical an angiographic features of the disease determine the medical behavior.

Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo según sexo / Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with acute coronary syndrome according to sex

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y retrospectiva de 486 adultos egresados vivos tras presentar alguna forma clínica del síndrome coronario agudo, pertenecientes a 4 áreas de salud del municipio de Santiago de Cuba, desde el 2004 hasta el 2007, a fin de identificar algunas características clinicoepidemiológicas de dicha afección según sexo. En esta casuística los hombres de 45-64 años expuestos a la habituación tabáquica resultaron ser los más afectados por el síndrome coronario con elevación del segmento ST, no complicado, lo cual demostró que este problema de salud fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino que en el femenino.

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective investigation of 486 adults discharged alive after presenting some clinical form of the acute coronary syndrome belonging to 4 health areas of Santiago de Cuba was carried out, from 2004 to 2007, aimed at identifying some clinical epidemiological characteristics of this disorder according to sex. In this case material men aged 45-64 exposed to nicotine addiction were the most affected by the non complicated coronary syndrome with elevation of the ST segment, which demonstrated that this health problem was more frequent in male than in the female sex.

Invasive treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: cardiac catheterization/revascularization for all?

Patients admitted to hospital with symptoms and signs of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes have different risk profiles and are in need of an individualized approach that takes into consideration not only age and sex but also comorbidities such as diabetes, renal failure, hypertension, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, earlier revascularization, etc. According to evidence-based medicine and as documented in current guidelines, there is currently evidence for early catheterization and, if feasible, revascularization in high-risk patients, especially in men. Nevertheless, because of a lack of definitive evidence, there is uncertainty about treating women in the same way. Because women are usually older and have more comorbidities, they are frailer and revascularization should be indicated with greater caution. There is no evidence that catheterization as such is worse for women than for men; however, for both men and women with low risk, a less invasive approach, such as coronary computed tomography angiography, could be considered as a first diagnostic tool.

[Influence of the combination of antiplatelet agents on the occurrence of early left ventricular insufficiency in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation]. / Insuficiencia ventricular izquierda precoz en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación persistente del segmento ST: primera descripción y evaluación de los factores asociados.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The frequency of left ventricular failure (LVF) in the early stages of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS) has not been described so far. The objective of this study is to describe for the first time the frequency of LVF in the early course of NSTE ACS and to assess its association with other interventions. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational prospective cohort multicenter study in intensive and coronary care units (ICCU). Patients with NSTE ACS admitted within 24h after onset were included. Main outcome was the occurrence of LVF. We evaluated the association between LVF and clinical and therapeutic variables. RESULTS: LVF occurred in 15.6% of patients. Coronary angiography (CA) during admission to the ICCU was a protective variable against the main outcome, performed before 72h (odds ratio [OR] 0.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.25-0.89; P=.022) and later (OR 0,39; 95% CI 0,15-0,98; P=.044). The administration of beta-blockers was a protective variable against the occurrence of LVF (OR 0,54; 95% CI 0,32-0,87; P=.013). Patients receiving acetylsalicylic acid before admission to the ICCU had a higher risk of developing LVF (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.06-2.86; P=.028). Age was also a factor of risk for LVF (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.05; P=.032). CONCLUSIONS: CA and beta-blockers can decrease the occurrence of LVF. The association between previous administration of acetylsalicylic acid and age with the occurrence of LVF may reflect long-standing cardiovascular disease.