Digital tools for prevention through design application: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prevention through Design (PtD) is a safety initiative that increases the ability of eliminating risks before construction. Implementing digital tools for PtD is an innovative way to help identify embedded risk in design phase by automating a process that is currently time consuming and extensively dependent on designers' experience. However, there is a lack of known digital safety tools available to professionals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to systematically review published research on the development of digital tools for PtD in order to point out existing processes and limitations. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search publications in Scopus database. Initially, 148 publications were found, but after applying the filters, thirteen publications were read and included in this review. RESULTS: Quantitative results showed few publications and quantitative results detailed the studied digital tools workings and what limitations prevent their full implementation by designers. CONCLUSION: Although 53.84% of methods are automatic, existing barriers such as the inability to consider schedule, and to provide a complete database challenge the validity of these tools. Therefore, PtD still poses a research gap for future research on safety matters.

Techno-economic analysis of aniline production via amination of phenol.

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate through a techno-economic assessment that aniline can be industrially produced using a profitable and inherently safer process than the ones currently employed. The aniline production process was designed using process simulation software. From this, the mass and energy balances were determined, the equipment sizing was performed and the net present value (NPV) was calculated to be USD 93.5 million. Additionally, a heat integration analysis was carried out in order to improve process profitability, obtaining a new NPV of USD 97.5 million. The economic sensitivity analysis showed that the process could withstand fixed capital investment changes of up to +89%, weighted average cost of capital changes between 16-24% and a decrease in cyclohexylamine demand of up to 44%. The conceptual design is still profitable when aniline price is varied in a range of 1224-1840 $/t and phenol cost in a range of 815-1178 $/t.

Thermographic images to measure health risks of workers exposed to artificially refrigerated environments

Thermography generates high-resolution imagery in real time and is a non-invasive and painless technique devoid of physical contact or exposure to any type of radiation. This technique has been successfully applied to different areas, such as health- and safety-related applications, to control cold risk in workers exposed to low-temperature environments. Thus, this study aims to analyze skin temperature variations in three body parts of the upper limbs (fingers, the center of the hands and wrists on both the left and right sides of the body) caused by exposure to low temperatures in air-conditioned and artificially controlled work environments. The objective is to assess thermographys adequacy in controlling workers health risks. This study used environmental monitoring equipment and infrared radiation detection cameras to capture images of the body parts that were evaluated. The research was conducted on 20 workers from two sectors of a poultry slaughterhouse. Among the three body parts evaluated, the lowest temperatures occurred in the workers fingertips, which averaged 16.86ºC. This fact may relate to discomfort, pain, decreased performance, functional imbalance and cold-related diseases caused by faulty conditions and/or the equipment used to ensure the workers thermal comfort. It was concluded that the thermographic evaluation of activities that involve exposure to the cold is efficient, as well as feasible, when quantifying the potential threats of environmental cold to workers health.(AU)

Thermographic images to measure health risks of workers exposed to artificially refrigerated environments

Thermography generates high-resolution imagery in real time and is a non-invasive and painless technique devoid of physical contact or exposure to any type of radiation. This technique has been successfully applied to different areas, such as health- and safety-related applications, to control cold risk in workers exposed to low-temperature environments. Thus, this study aims to analyze skin temperature variations in three body parts of the upper limbs (fingers, the center of the hands and wrists on both the left and right sides of the body) caused by exposure to low temperatures in air-conditioned and artificially controlled work environments. The objective is to assess thermographys adequacy in controlling workers health risks. This study used environmental monitoring equipment and infrared radiation detection cameras to capture images of the body parts that were evaluated. The research was conducted on 20 workers from two sectors of a poultry slaughterhouse. Among the three body parts evaluated, the lowest temperatures occurred in the workers fingertips, which averaged 16.86ºC. This fact may relate to discomfort, pain, decreased performance, functional imbalance and cold-related diseases caused by faulty conditions and/or the equipment used to ensure the workers thermal comfort. It was concluded that the thermographic evaluation of activities that involve exposure to the cold is efficient, as well as feasible, when quantifying the potential threats of environmental cold to workers health.

Litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária / Pontential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities

A presente revisão versa sobre as diferentes naturezas de litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária, e se encontra segmentada por agrupamentos de empregadores rurais. Discute as ações judiciais ajuizadas tanto na Justiça Trabalhista como Justiça Comum, entendida na âmbito da Justiça Cível nas esferas estadual ou federal. Visa oferecer contribuições aos profissionais de agronomia, tradicionalmente pouco familiarizados, possibilitando a melhor compreensão de suas ocorrências. Descrevem-se detalhadamente as características de cada uma das ocorrências, bem como as legislações pertinentes, para que possam ser despertadas as discussões e reflexões sobre a problemática, presente no dia a dia. Serão analisados, também, os litígios atingíveis sobre os empreendimentos e nas propriedades rurais, com a ênfase na realização das perícias técnicas, do tipo de profissional que é direcionado, bem como a natureza dos conhecimentos para a sua formação interdisciplinar.

This review discusses the different nature of potential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities,which are segmented into rural workers and rural employers. It analyzes lawsuits pending in the LaborCourt, as well as in the Common Pleas Court, within the scope of State and Federal Civil Court rules. Theobjective of this analysis is to promote a better understanding of these legal problems amongprofessionals in the area of Agronomy, who have, traditionally, little information on them.A detailed description of the each litigation, as well as of the pertinent legislation, are provided, to giverise to discussions and reflections on these problems, which are part of these professionals' everydaylife. Litigation involving companies and rural properties, with emphasis on technical inspections carriedout and on the type of professional involved will be analyzed, together with the nature of the knowledgenecessary for their interdisciplinary education

Potential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities / Litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária

This review discusses the different nature of potential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities, which are segmented into rural workers and rural employers. It analyzes lawsuits pending in the Labor Court, as well as in the Common Pleas Court, within the scope of State and Federal Civil Court rules. The objective of this analysis is to promote a better understanding of these legal problems among professionals in the area of Agronomy, who have, traditionally, little information on them. A detailed description of the each litigation, as well as of the pertinent legislation, are provided, to give rise to discussions and reflections on these problems, which are part of these professionals’ everyday life. Litigation involving companies and rural properties, with emphasis on technical inspections carried out and on the type of professional involved will be analyzed, together with the nature of the knowledge necessary for their interdisciplinary education.

A presente revisão versa sobre as diferentes naturezas de litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária, e se encontra segmentada por agrupamentos de empregados e empregadores rurais. Discute as ações judiciais ajuizadas tanto na Justiça Trabalhista como Justiça Comum, entendida no âmbito da Justiça Cível, nas esferas estadual ou federal. Visa oferecer contribuições aos profissionais de agronomia, tradicionalmente pouco familiarizados, possibilitando a melhor compreensão de suas ocorrências. Descrevem-se detalhadamente as características de cada uma das ocorrências, bem como as legislações pertinentes, para que possam ser despertadas as discussões e reflexões sobre a problemática, presente no dia a dia. Serão analisados, também, os litígios atingíveis sobre os empreendimentos e nas propriedades rurais, com a ênfase na realização das perícias técnicas, do tipo de profissional que é direcionado, bem como a natureza dos conhecimentos para a sua formação interdisciplinar.

Potential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities / Litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária

This review discusses the different nature of potential litigation in agricultural and cattle raising activities, which are segmented into rural workers and rural employers. It analyzes lawsuits pending in the Labor Court, as well as in the Common Pleas Court, within the scope of State and Federal Civil Court rules. The objective of this analysis is to promote a better understanding of these legal problems among professionals in the area of Agronomy, who have, traditionally, little information on them. A detailed description of the each litigation, as well as of the pertinent legislation, are provided, to give rise to discussions and reflections on these problems, which are part of these professionals everyday life. Litigation involving companies and rural properties, with emphasis on technical inspections carried out and on the type of professional involved will be analyzed, together with the nature of the knowledge necessary for their interdisciplinary education.

A presente revisão versa sobre as diferentes naturezas de litígios potenciais na atividade agropecuária, e se encontra segmentada por agrupamentos de empregados e empregadores rurais. Discute as ações judiciais ajuizadas tanto na Justiça Trabalhista como Justiça Comum, entendida no âmbito da Justiça Cível, nas esferas estadual ou federal. Visa oferecer contribuições aos profissionais de agronomia, tradicionalmente pouco familiarizados, possibilitando a melhor compreensão de suas ocorrências. Descrevem-se detalhadamente as características de cada uma das ocorrências, bem como as legislações pertinentes, para que possam ser despertadas as discussões e reflexões sobre a problemática, presente no dia a dia. Serão analisados, também, os litígios atingíveis sobre os empreendimentos e nas propriedades rurais, com a ênfase na realização das perícias técnicas, do tipo de profissional que é direcionado, bem como a natureza dos conhecimentos para a sua formação interdisciplinar.