Pandemia COVID-19 y Vacuna Sputnik V al personal de salud del Hospital Central de San Cristóbal, Venezuela / COVID-19 pandemic and Sputnik V vaccine to health personnel of the Central Hospital of San Cristóbal, Venezuela

A finales del 2019 una noticia empezó a circular en el mundo sobre un virus denominado SARS-CoV-2 que inició en Wuhan, China. Meses más tarde, marzo 2020, se presenta como una pandemia con el nombre de COVID-19, e inicia un problema de salud mundial inédito en el siglo XXI. Se plantearon medidas de protección, y el desarrollo de una vacuna para su control. Se emprende la investigación de varias vacunas, surgiendo la Sputnik V elaborada en el laboratorio ruso Gamaleya. Se ha especulado sobre sus efectos secundarios y eficacia, sin tener una referencia real. Dado que al Hospital Central de San Cristóbal llegó esta vacuna, se decidió realizar un estudio con el objetivo de: describir al personal vacunado; identificar los ESAVI (eventos supuestamente atribuibles a vacunación o inmunización), y conocer la incidencia de COVID-19 en los vacunados. Se planteó un estudio con diseño observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo. La población de 1.114 sujetos, personal de salud del Hospital Central de San Cristóbal vacunado con dos dosis de Sputnik V. La muestra de 355 sujetos encuestados por Google docs, reportando 32% masculinos, 68% femeninos; 30% menores de 30 años, 38,8% de 30-49 años y 31,1% de 50 años y más. Los ESAVI se reportaron fiebre en 4,9%, cefalea en 4,6%, malestar general en 2%, y dolor en el sitio de la vacuna 59,6%. La incidencia de COVID-19 fue de 10,7%, y hubo 0,6% de hospitalizados. Se concluye que las dos dosis de la vacuna Sputnik V ha sido efectiva en la prevención del COVID-19 en el personal vacunado(AU)

At the end of 2019, news began to circulate in the world about a virus called SARS-CoV-2 that began in Wuhan, China. Months later, March 2020, it appearedas a pandemic with the name of COVID-19, and began an unprecedented global health problem in the 21st century. Protection measures were proposed, and the development of a vaccine for its control. The investigation of several vaccines is undertaken, emerging the Sputnik V elaborated in the Russian laboratory Gamaleya. There has been speculation about its side effects and efficacy, without having a real reference. Given that, this vaccine arrived at the Central Hospital of San Cristóbal, a study was carried out with the objective of: Describing the vaccinated personnel; Identify the ESAVI, and know the incidence of COVID-19 in the vaccinated population. A study with an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective design was proposed. The population of 1,114 subjects, health personnel from the Central Hospital of San Cristóbal vaccinated with two doses of Sputnik V. The sample of 355 subjects surveyed by Google docs, reporting 32% male, 68% female; 30% under 30 years old, 38.8% between 30-49 years old and 31.1% 50 years old and over. ESAVIs reported fever in 4.9%, headache in 4.6%, malaise in 2%, and pain at the site of the vaccine in 59.6%. The incidence of COVID-19 was 10.7%, and there were 0.6% hospitalized. It is concluded that the two doses of the Sputnik V vaccine have been effective in preventing COVID-19 in vaccinated personnel(AU)

Green taxes as ecosystem conservation: an analysis of the industrial sector's view in Peru.

Background: Environmental problems are becoming more recurrent nowadays, which is why many countries have acted on the matter, through different forms, laws and taxes that can contribute and reduce the polluting impact of companies at the time of manufacturing their products. One of the reforms has been environmental taxes, which are not only aimed at raising money, but also at taking corrective action on the behavior of companies that damage both the environment and the health of the population. The research is intended to finding out the opinion and interest of managers of different companies in the industrial sector on environmental taxes, also known as green taxes, and whether they consider it necessary to add green taxes to the current tax system. Method: For data collection of the research, 120 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial sector were questioned about whether green taxes could have an influence on ecosystem conservation and several other questions. Results: 63.3% of the managers surveyed agree that the application of an environmental tax is necessary. Conclusion: It is concluded that managers are in favor of green taxes and  approve that  such taxes should be given as part of ecosystem conservation and environmental protection for all businesses, and that they promote businesses that do not generate any side effects or transformations to the environmental balance, thus improving the quality of life of residents.

Quality of Life and Hormonal, Biochemical, and Anthropometric Profile Between Olanzapine and Risperidone Users.

This cross-sectional study compared quality of life and side effects in 108 users of olanzapine or risperidone suffering schizophrenia and being attended at psychiatric ambulatory services in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Economic, socio-demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal variables were compared. The EuroQoL Five-Dimension Scale (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate quality of life, and side effects were assessed using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) Side Effect Rating Scale and the Simpson-Angus Scale. Data were analysed using the χ(2) test and Student's t test, with a significance level of 5 %.The household incomes of approximately 80 % of patients were <2.0 minimum wages ($678). Anthropometric variables (waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, waist-to-hip ratio) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noted among male olanzapine users (all p < 0.05). EQ-5D scores showed that olanzapine use significantly impacted self-help ability (p < 0.001). Risperidone users had a mean quality-adjusted life year value of 1. Mean total Simpson-Angus Scale scores was 0.38 for olanzapine users and 0.11 for risperidone users (p < 0.02). Significant differences in UKU were observed for the following items: asthenia/lassitude/fatigue (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.02), dystonia (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.01), tremors (higher among olanzapine users, p = 0.03), gynecomastia (higher among risperidone users, p < 0.02), and ejaculatory dysfunction (higher among risperidone users, p < 0.02). Olanzapine users had impaired quality of life, which can be explained in part by adverse motor, biochemical, and hormonal effects characteristic of metabolic syndrome.

Ação de produtos naturais sobre a sobrevivência de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) e seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na produção orgânica de videira sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

This work was conducted to study the effect of commercial formulations of insecticides with emphasis on that allowed in the organic production (neem, natural piretro and pirolenhoso extract) to control Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their performance on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) adults. The insecticides Natuneem® (1500ppm of azadirachtin L-1) and the pirolenhoso extract (Biopirol 7 M®) (250 and 500mL 100L-1) were not efficient in the control of A. sphaleropa when applied over grapevine leaves (Vitis sp.) cultivate Chardonnay. Natural piretro (250 and 500mL 100L-1) resulted in a mortality of 77.65 and 85.88% of insects, respectively 120 hours after application. The secondary effect of insecticides allowed was evaluated on adults of the egg parasitoid T. pretiosum following International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) methodology. It was observed that Natuneem® (500mL 100L-1), Biopirol 7 M® (500mL 100L-1) and Dipel DF® (100g 100L-1) had been innocuous ( 30% parasitism reduction) while natural piretro (250mL 100L-1) was classified as moderately harmful (80-99% of parasitism reduction). Natural piretro in the higher dose (500mL 100L-1) showed a parasitism reduction in more than 99% in the same way that the pattern Lebaycid 500® (100mL 100 L-1).

Nesse trabalho, foi estudado o efeito de formulações comerciais de inseticidas, com ênfase para os produtos permitidos na produção orgânica (nim, piretro natural e extrato pirolenhoso) para o controle de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) e sua atuação sobre o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), em laboratório. Os inseticidas Natuneem® (1500ppm de Azadirachta indica por litro) e o extrato pirolenhoso (Biopirol 7 M®), nas dosagens de 250 e 500mL 100L-1, não foram eficientes no controle de A. sphaleropa quando aplicados sobre folhas de videira (Vitis sp.) cultivar "Chardonnay", enquanto que o piretro natural (250 e 500mL 100L-1) resultou em mortalidade significativa de 77,65 e 85,88% dos insetos, respectivamente, 120 horas após a aplicação. O efeito secundário foi avaliado sobre adultos do parasitóide de ovos T. pretiosum, seguindo a metodologia da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Os inseticidas Natuneem® (500mL 100L-1), Biopirol 7 M® (500mL 100L-1) e Dipel DF® (100g 100L-1) foram inócuos ( 30% de redução no parasitismo por T. pretiosum), enquanto o piretro natural, nas dosagens de 250mL 100L-1 e 500mL 100 L-1, foi classificado como moderadamente nocivo (80-99% de redução no parasitismo) e nocivo (>99% de redução no parasitismo), respectivamente, equivalendo-se ao efeito do fosforado Lebaycid 500® (100mL 100 L-1).

Ação de produtos naturais sobre a sobrevivência de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) e seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na produção orgânica de videira sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

This work was conducted to study the effect of commercial formulations of insecticides with emphasis on that allowed in the organic production (neem, natural piretro and pirolenhoso extract) to control Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and their performance on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) adults. The insecticides Natuneem® (1500ppm of azadirachtin L-1) and the pirolenhoso extract (Biopirol 7 M®) (250 and 500mL 100L-1) were not efficient in the control of A. sphaleropa when applied over grapevine leaves (Vitis sp.) cultivate Chardonnay. Natural piretro (250 and 500mL 100L-1) resulted in a mortality of 77.65 and 85.88% of insects, respectively 120 hours after application. The secondary effect of insecticides allowed was evaluated on adults of the egg parasitoid T. pretiosum following International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC) methodology. It was observed that Natuneem® (500mL 100L-1), Biopirol 7 M® (500mL 100L-1) and Dipel DF® (100g 100L-1) had been innocuous ( 30% parasitism reduction) while natural piretro (250mL 100L-1) was classified as moderately harmful (80-99% of parasitism reduction). Natural piretro in the higher dose (500mL 100L-1) showed a parasitism reduction in more than 99% in the same way that the pattern Lebaycid 500® (100mL 100 L-1).

Nesse trabalho, foi estudado o efeito de formulações comerciais de inseticidas, com ênfase para os produtos permitidos na produção orgânica (nim, piretro natural e extrato pirolenhoso) para o controle de Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) e sua atuação sobre o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), em laboratório. Os inseticidas Natuneem® (1500ppm de Azadirachta indica por litro) e o extrato pirolenhoso (Biopirol 7 M®), nas dosagens de 250 e 500mL 100L-1, não foram eficientes no controle de A. sphaleropa quando aplicados sobre folhas de videira (Vitis sp.) cultivar "Chardonnay", enquanto que o piretro natural (250 e 500mL 100L-1) resultou em mortalidade significativa de 77,65 e 85,88% dos insetos, respectivamente, 120 horas após a aplicação. O efeito secundário foi avaliado sobre adultos do parasitóide de ovos T. pretiosum, seguindo a metodologia da International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Os inseticidas Natuneem® (500mL 100L-1), Biopirol 7 M® (500mL 100L-1) e Dipel DF® (100g 100L-1) foram inócuos ( 30% de redução no parasitismo por T. pretiosum), enquanto o piretro natural, nas dosagens de 250mL 100L-1 e 500mL 100 L-1, foi classificado como moderadamente nocivo (80-99% de redução no parasitismo) e nocivo (>99% de redução no parasitismo), respectivamente, equivalendo-se ao efeito do fosforado Lebaycid 500® (100mL 100 L-1).