Geographical distribution of Lasaia Bates, 1868 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) across the biogeographical provinces of Mexico.

Riodinidae are one of the most diverse families of Lepidoptera, mainly in the Neotropical region; however, their biology, ethology, taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography are poorly known. In Mexico, the regional and local distributions of the family are still incomplete. We review the distributional data of the genus Lasaia Bates (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), based on records from four national and seven international collections. We record five species and seven subspecies in Mexico, with 2722 records, distributed in 314 localities of 24 states. The states with higher species richness are Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; also, the genus was recorded in 11 of the 14 biogeographical provinces of Mexico. The tropical semi-deciduous and deciduous forests, below of 1000 m a.s.l., contain most of the diversity of Lasaia. Historical data are crucial for the study of local and regional diversity and ecological patterns at large temporal scales. Data presented here show the morphological and ecological variation of Lasaia over the last 80 years, mostly from the XX century when anthropogenic disturbances were intensified. This kind of studies is the first step in recording the historical distribution of these taxa, which will lead to more complex analyses on distribution range shifts, their causes and consequences.

Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Studies in remnants of semi-deciduous seasonal forest of the Cerrado are needed to fill sampling gaps and improve basic knowledge of biodiversity. This study presents data on the herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, one of the last protected areas of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado. Fourteen sites were sampled between March 2007 and April 2008 using pitfall traps and active searches. A total of 35 anuran species were recorded, most of which were found in hygrophilous environments near forest fragments, open areas and riparian or gallery forest. A total of 29 reptile species were recorded, most of which were found in semi-deciduous forest and riparian or gallery forest. Fourteen of the amphibians and five of the reptiles are endemic to the Cerrado. The richness of amphibians and reptiles found in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco is regionally representative, with communities typical of forest environments.(AU)

Distribución y fenología de la familia Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en el bosque tropical subcaducifolio de Oaxaca, México / Distribution and phenology of the family Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in the tropical semi-deciduous forest of Oaxaca, Mexico

Resumen La familia Riodinidae es muy diversa en la región Neotropical; en México aún es escaso el conocimiento acerca de la biología de la mayoría de sus especies. Para el presente trabajo, se realizaron recolectas exhaustivas y sistemáticas de Riodinidae en varias localidades de la región Loxicha, Oaxaca, México, particularmente en dos con bosque tropical subcaducifolio. Además se examinaron los registros previos para esa región, en un gradiente altitudinal de los 70 a 2 500 m; la mayoría recolectados por personal del Museo de Zoología (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM). A partir de la revisión de la base de datos MARIPOSA y del trabajo de campo, se alcanzó la cifra de 4 029 ejemplares de esta región; de los cuales, 2 306 se obtuvieron del bosque tropical subcaducifolio (bts) durante el presente estudio. El total de especies para la región, arrojó un total de 52 especies, distribuidas en 22 géneros y dos subfamilias; la subfamilia Riodininae la más diversa (50 spp.). Mediante estimadores paramétricos se calculó la riqueza de esta familia para las dos localidades de bts estudiadas y en el total de la región; alcanzando valores teóricos mayores al 80 %. Al comparar los resultados con otras listas de especies del Pacífico mexicano, se concluye que en la región Loxicha se encuentra la mayor riqueza de la familia Riodinidae. En el bosque tropical subcaducifolio se efectuaron transectos por dos años, que permitieron distinguir los microhábitats de más de 40 especies, lo cual se ilustra y describe en dibujos y fotografías in situ. En este tipo vegetacional se registra la mayoría de especies de la región Loxicha.

Abstract Riodinidae is very diverse in the Neotropical region; in Mexico the knowledge about the biology of most of its species is still scarce. For the present work, exhaustive and systematic collections of Riodinidae were carried out in 14 localities of the Loxicha region, Oaxaca, Mexico, particularly in two with tropical semi-deciduous forest. In addition, previous records for this region were examined, in an altitude range of 70 to 2 500 m; the majority collected by the staff of the Museo de Zoología (Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM). We obtained 4 029 specimens from the fieldwork and MARIPOSA database, 2 306 of them are present in the tropical semi-deciduous forest (TSF). The total number of species for the region is 52, distributed in 22 genera and two subfamilies; the most diverse subfamily was Riodininae (50 species). Using parametric estimators the richness of the family was calculated for the two locations of TSF studied and the entire region, reaching theoretical values greater than 80 %. When comparing the results with other lists of species of the Mexican Pacific, it is concluded that the Loxicha region harbours the greatest richness of Riodinidae. In the tropical semi-deciduous forest, transects were carried out for two years, allowing microhabitats to be distinguished from more than 40 species, which are described and illustrated with drawings and in situ photographs. In this vegetation type most species of the Loxicha region are recorded. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 503-558. Epub 2018 June 01.

Herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco: one of the last remnants of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado

Studies in remnants of semi-deciduous seasonal forest of the Cerrado are needed to fill sampling gaps and improve basic knowledge of biodiversity. This study presents data on the herpetofauna of Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco, one of the last protected areas of seasonal forest in the core region of the Brazilian Cerrado. Fourteen sites were sampled between March 2007 and April 2008 using pitfall traps and active searches. A total of 35 anuran species were recorded, most of which were found in hygrophilous environments near forest fragments, open areas and riparian or gallery forest. A total of 29 reptile species were recorded, most of which were found in semi-deciduous forest and riparian or gallery forest. Fourteen of the amphibians and five of the reptiles are endemic to the Cerrado. The richness of amphibians and reptiles found in Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco is regionally representative, with communities typical of forest environments.

Habitat selection by owls in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in southern Brazil / Seleção de habitat por corujas em uma floresta estacional semidecidual no sul do Brasil

This paper tested the hypothesis that the structural components of vegetation have impact over the distribution of owl species in a fragment of a semi-deciduous seasonal forest. This paper also determined which vegetation variables contributed to the spatial distribution of owl species. It was developed in the Perobas Biological Reserve (PBR) between September and December 2011. To conduct the owl census, a playback technique was applied at hearing points distributed to cover different vegetation types in the study area. A total of 56 individual owls of six species were recorded: Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba), Black-capped Screech-Owl (Megascops atricapilla), Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum), Mottled Owl (Strix virgata) and Stygian Owl (Asio stygius). The results suggest that the variables of vegetation structure have impact on the occurrence of owls. The canopy height, the presence of hollow trees, fallen trees and glades are the most important structural components influencing owl distribution in the sampled area.(AU)

Este estudo testou a hipótese de que os componentes estruturais da vegetação de uma floresta influenciam a distribuição das espécies de corujas de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual. O estudo também determinou quais variáveis da vegetação contribuem na distribuição espacial das espécies. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Biológica das Perobas, entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2011. Para realizar o censo das corujas foi utilizada a técnica de playback em pontos de escuta dispostos de modo a abranger os diferentes tipos de vegetação na área de estudo. Foi encontrado um total de 56 indivíduos de seis espécies de corujas: corujinha-do-mato (Megascops choliba), corujinha-sapo (Megascops atricapilla), murucututu-de-barriga-marela (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), caburé (Glaucidium brasilianum), coruja-do-mato (Strix virgata) e mocho-diabo (Asio stygius). Os resultados sugerem que as variáveis ​​da estrutura da vegetação e composição influenciam na ocorrência de corujas. A altura do dossel, a presença de árvores ocas, árvores caídas e clareiras, demonstram que são os componentes estruturais mais influentes na distribuição de corujas na área amostrada.(AU)

Habitat selection by owls in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in southern Brazil

Abstract This paper tested the hypothesis that the structural components of vegetation have impact over the distribution of owl species in a fragment of a semi-deciduous seasonal forest. This paper also determined which vegetation variables contributed to the spatial distribution of owl species. It was developed in the Perobas Biological Reserve (PBR) between September and December 2011. To conduct the owl census, a playback technique was applied at hearing points distributed to cover different vegetation types in the study area. A total of 56 individual owls of six species were recorded: Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba), Black-capped Screech-Owl (Megascops atricapilla), Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum), Mottled Owl (Strix virgata) and Stygian Owl (Asio stygius). The results suggest that the variables of vegetation structure have impact on the occurrence of owls. The canopy height, the presence of hollow trees, fallen trees and glades are the most important structural components influencing owl distribution in the sampled area.

Resumo Este estudo testou a hipótese de que os componentes estruturais da vegetação de uma floresta influenciam a distribuição das espécies de corujas de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual. O estudo também determinou quais variáveis da vegetação contribuem na distribuição espacial das espécies. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Biológica das Perobas, entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2011. Para realizar o censo das corujas foi utilizada a técnica de playback em pontos de escuta dispostos de modo a abranger os diferentes tipos de vegetação na área de estudo. Foi encontrado um total de 56 indivíduos de seis espécies de corujas: corujinha-do-mato (Megascops choliba), corujinha-sapo (Megascops atricapilla), murucututu-de-barriga-marela (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), caburé (Glaucidium brasilianum), coruja-do-mato (Strix virgata) e mocho-diabo (Asio stygius). Os resultados sugerem que as variáveis da estrutura da vegetação e composição influenciam na ocorrência de corujas. A altura do dossel, a presença de árvores ocas, árvores caídas e clareiras, demonstram que são os componentes estruturais mais influentes na distribuição de corujas na área amostrada.

Habitat selection by owls in a seasonal semi-deciduous forest in southern Brazil / Seleção de habitat por corujas em uma floresta estacional semidecidual no sul do Brasil

Abstract This paper tested the hypothesis that the structural components of vegetation have impact over the distribution of owl species in a fragment of a semi-deciduous seasonal forest. This paper also determined which vegetation variables contributed to the spatial distribution of owl species. It was developed in the Perobas Biological Reserve (PBR) between September and December 2011. To conduct the owl census, a playback technique was applied at hearing points distributed to cover different vegetation types in the study area. A total of 56 individual owls of six species were recorded: Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba), Black-capped Screech-Owl (Megascops atricapilla), Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum), Mottled Owl (Strix virgata) and Stygian Owl (Asio stygius). The results suggest that the variables of vegetation structure have impact on the occurrence of owls. The canopy height, the presence of hollow trees, fallen trees and glades are the most important structural components influencing owl distribution in the sampled area.

Resumo Este estudo testou a hipótese de que os componentes estruturais da vegetação de uma floresta influenciam a distribuição das espécies de corujas de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual. O estudo também determinou quais variáveis da vegetação contribuem na distribuição espacial das espécies. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Biológica das Perobas, entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2011. Para realizar o censo das corujas foi utilizada a técnica de playback em pontos de escuta dispostos de modo a abranger os diferentes tipos de vegetação na área de estudo. Foi encontrado um total de 56 indivíduos de seis espécies de corujas: corujinha-do-mato (Megascops choliba), corujinha-sapo (Megascops atricapilla), murucututu-de-barriga-marela (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), caburé (Glaucidium brasilianum), coruja-do-mato (Strix virgata) e mocho-diabo (Asio stygius). Os resultados sugerem que as variáveis ​​da estrutura da vegetação e composição influenciam na ocorrência de corujas. A altura do dossel, a presença de árvores ocas, árvores caídas e clareiras, demonstram que são os componentes estruturais mais influentes na distribuição de corujas na área amostrada.

Ozone phytotoxic potential with regard to fragments of the Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest downwind of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), Brazil, high levels of primary pollutants contribute to ozone (O3) formation. However, little is known regarding the O3 effects in the tropics. Objectives in this study were to characterize the present levels of O3 pollution and to evaluate the relevance of current concentration-based indices for assessing the phytotoxic potential of O3. Changes in O3 concentrations and precursors at 5 monitoring stations within towns of MRC were analyzed. The daily O3 profile was typical for urban sites and showed little yearly variation. Given the permanently foliated forest canopy, yearly rather than seasonal O3 indices were thus more appropriate for estimating the effective ozone dose. With yearly SUM00, SUM60 and AOT40 of 156, 16 and 14 ppm h and confirmed by evidence of O3 injury in foliage, oxidative stress in the MRC has reached levels high enough to affect trees from the Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) of Porto Mauá, Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Ecoregion, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil / Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) de Porto Mauá, Ecorregião Florestas do Alto Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This paper presents a list of species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) sampled in Porto Mauá municipality (27°34’S, 28°40’W), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly between March 2008 and March 2009. After 204 net-hours of sampling effort, a total of 1,993 individuals from 253 species were recorded. With a single additional expedition, eight new species were added, reaching a total of 261 species recorded in the region of Porto Mauá. These new reports and the species accumulation curves may indicate a much richer fauna. The distribution of richness among butterfly families is compared with other inventories in seasonal semi-deciduous forest areas in the Atlantic Forest. We also discuss the importance of riparian forests of the Uruguay River as an ecological corridor that enables the maintenance of the butterfly fauna on the southern edge of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Ecoregion.

Este estudo apresenta uma lista de espécies de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) para o município de Porto Mauá (27°34’S, 28°40’W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março de 2008 e março de 2009. Após 204 horas/rede de esforço amostral foram amostrados 1.993 indivíduos pertencentes a 253 espécies. Com apenas uma coleta adicional foram obtidos oito novos registros, totalizando 261 espécies para a região de Porto Mauá. Estes novos registros somados ès curvas de acumulação de espécies indicam que a riqueza de borboletas pode ser ainda mais alta. A distribuição da riqueza entre as famílias de borboletas é comparada com inventários em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual na Mata Atlântica. Além disso, discute-se a importância das matas ciliares do Rio Uruguai como um corredor ecológico, permitindo a manutenção da fauna de borboletas no limite sul da Ecorregião Florestas do Alto Paraná.

The harvestmen fauna (Arachnida: Opiliones) of the Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, and the Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil / A fauna de opiliões (Arachnida: Opiliones) do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho e Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brazil

The harvestmen fauna of the Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA Ipanema) and Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PE Carlos Botelho) were inventoried using nocturnal manual collection and sifting of litter. Fourteen species were recorded from the FLONA Ipanema, a richness and diversity higher than those previously reported for other localities in Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest. The PE Carlos Botelho, with 38 recorded species, is the third richest site for harvestmen in the state of São Paulo. The estimates of species richness place the FLONA Ipanema with a richness of locations near the Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest. A similarity analysis showed that the areas possess only a few species in common, indicated by the very low of similarities indexes, showing the high level of endemism of harvestmen species. The similarities in harvestmen composition were related to the distance between the areas. PE Carlos Botelho showed high similarity with the Parque da Onça Parda (only 5 km away) and with other areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest. The FLONA Ipanema showed low similarity indexes with the other areas analyzed. In a DCA analysis, PE Carlos Botelho forms a group with other areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest and FLONA Ipanema is placed in an intermediate position between the areas of Coastal Atlantic Rain Forest and areas of Atlantic Semi-deciduous Forest and Cerrado.

A fauna de opiliões da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (FLONA Ipanema) e Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PE Carlos Botelho) foi inventariada através de coleta manual noturna e triagem de folhiço com peneira. Catorze espécies foram registradas na FLONA Ipanema, a maior riqueza conhecida para áreas de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua. O PE Carlos Botelho teve 38 espécies registradas, sendo a terceira área mais rica em opiliões no estado de São Paulo. As estimativas de riqueza de espécies colocam a FLONA Ipanema próxima do observado nas localidades de Floresta Atlântica Ombrófila. Uma análise de similaridade mostrou que as diferentes áreas de Mata Atlântica possuem poucas espécies em comum, indicado pelos baixos índices de similaridade, o que demonstra o alto grau de endemismo das espécies de opiliões. A similaridade entre as faunas de opiliões foi relacionada com a distância geográfica entre as áreas. PE Carlos Botelho apresentou alta similaridade com o Parque da Onça Parda (distantes somente 5 quilômetros) e com outras áreas de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila. A FLONA Ipanema apresentou baixos índices de similaridade com as demais áreas analisadas. Na análise de DCA, o PE Carlos Botelho formou um grupo com as demais áreas da Mata Atlântica Ombrófila e a FLONA Ipanema apresentou uma posição intermediária entre as áreas de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila e as de Floresta Atlântica Semidecídua e Cerrado.

Diversity of galling insects in Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae): edge effect and use as bioindicators

Impacts of forest fragmentation and edge effect on plant-herbivores interactions are relatively unknown, and the relationships between galling insects and their host plants are very susceptible to environmental variations. The goal of our study was to test the edge effect hypothesis for galling insects associated with Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae) host plant. Samplings were conducted at a fragment of semi-deciduous forest in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Thirty host plant individuals (15 at fragment edge and 15 in its interior) were sampled in July of 2007; in each plant, 10 apical branches were collected at the top, middle and bottom crown levels. Our results supported the prediction of greater richness of gall morphotypes in the edge habitat compared with remnant interior. In a similar way, gall abundance and frequency of attacked leaves were also greater in the fragment edge. These findings consequently suggest a positive response of galling insect diversity to edge effect; in the Saint-Hilaire forest, this effect probably operates through the changes in microclimatic conditions of edge habitats, which results in an increased hygrothermal stress, a determinant factor to distribution patterns of galling insects. We also concluded that these organisms could be employed as biological indicators (i) because of their host-specificity, (ii) they are sensitive to changes in plant quality, and (iii) present dissimilar and specific responses to local variation in habitat conditions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1589-1597. Epub 2011 December 01.

Los impactos de la fragmentación de los bosques y el efecto de borde sobre las interacciones planta-herbívoros son relativamente desconocidos, y las relaciones entre los insectos inductores de agallas y sus plantas hospederas son muy susceptibles a las variaciones ambientales. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue probar la hipótesis de efecto de borde en los insectos inductores de agallas asociados con la planta hospedera Styrax pohlii (Styracaceae). Los muestreos se realizaron en un fragmento de bosque semideciduo en Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Se tomaron muestras de treinta plantas hospederas (15 en el borde del fragmento y 15 en su interior), en cada planta, 10 ramas apicales fueron recolectadas en la parte superior, media e inferior. Nuestros resultados apoyan la predicción de una mayor riqueza de morfotipos de agallas en el borde del hábitat en comparación con su interior. De manera similar, la abundancia de las agallas y la frecuencia de las hojas atacadas también fueron mayores en el borde del fragmento. Estos resultados sugieren por consiguiente, una respuesta positiva de la diversidad de insectos de agallas al efecto borde, en el bosque de Saint-Hilaire, este efecto probablemente opera a través de los cambios en las condiciones microclimáticas de los hábitats de borde, que se traduce en un aumento de estrés higrotérmico, un factor determinante para los patrones de distribución de estos insectos. En conclusión, sugerimos que estos organismos podrían ser empleados como indicadores biológicos debido a (i) su especificidad del hospedero, (ii) su sensibilidad a los cambios en la calidad de la planta y, (iii) presentar respuestas diferentes y específicas a las variaciones locales de las condiciones del hábitat.

Anurofauna da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual da Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, Sudeste do Brasil / Anuran fauna of the Semi-deciduous Forest of the Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, Southeastern Brazil

A Floresta Estacional Semidecidual é considerada uma das formações florestais mais ameaçadas e suprimidas pela expansão agrícola do início do século passado, com sua cobertura vegetal reduzida a menos de 8 por cento da original. Estudos sobre taxocenoses de anfíbios anuros nessa formação florestal ainda são escassos, mesmo quando consideramos as poucas áreas de floresta primária que restaram. Apresentamos neste estudo os resultados de um levantamento de espécies de anfíbios anuros da Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, uma unidade de conservação que abriga importante remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na região Centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo, região considerada prioritária para conservação no estado. Foram registradas 34 espécies distribuídas em nove famílias, dentre as quais Hylidae e Leptodactylidae foram as que apresentaram as maiores riquezas, com 14 e oito espécies, respectivamente. A elevada riqueza de espécies da área, principalmente da família Hylidae, provavelmente está associada tanto à grande heterogeneidade ambiental dessa formação florestal como à sua localização em área de transição entre áreas de Cerrado e de Floresta Ombrófila. A alta riqueza de espécies, quando comparada à de outras áreas de mesma formação florestal, bem como a presença de representantes das famílias Centrolenidae, Craugastoridae e Hylodidae, que são dependentes de habitats florestais, atestam o bom estado de conservação e a importância regional desse remanescente florestal.

Semi-deciduous Forest is one of the most threatened and deforested vegetation types of Brazil due to its land conversion to agriculture in the beginning of the 20th Century; its distribution is now reduced to less than 8 percent of its original extent. Studies about anuran taxocenosis associated to these forests are scarce, even when we consider the remaining areas of pristine forest. We present herein results from an amphibian survey at the Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, a conservation unit with a singular preserved Semi-deciduous Forest from the Middle-West region of the State of São Paulo, located inside the priority areas for conservation on São Paulo State. We provided here data on species richness, composition, geographical distribution, and natural history notes for each taxa found in the area. We recorded 34 anuran species belonging to nine families, of which Hylidae and Leptodactylidae are the two most speciose families, with 14 and eight species respectively. The high species richness in the area, mainly in the family Hylidae, can be explained by both the high environmental heterogeneity of this remnant and its geographic location between Cerrado savannas and Atlantic rain forest areas. Its high species richness when compared with other localities of the same vegetation type, as well as the presence of forest dependent species in the families Centrolenidae, Hylodidae and Craugastoridae, indicate both the good conservation status and the regional importance of this forest remnant.

Flora arbustivo-arbórea do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá, São Paulo - SP / Floristic composition of tree and shrub species of the Jaraguá State Park, São Paulo - SP, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a flora arbustivo-arbórea do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (PEJ), a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento de sua diversidade. Foram feitas coletas mensais de material reprodutivo dos indivíduos arbustivos e arbóreos ao longo de três trilhas, durante um período de 12 meses. O levantamento resultou em uma lista florística contendo 262 espécies nativas, de 153 gêneros e 55 famílias. As famílias mais representativas foram Fabaceae, com 30 espécies, Myrtaceae (26), Asteraceae (24), Melastomataceae (20), Lauraceae (16) e Rubiaceae (15). Assim como relatado para outros remanescentes da região metropolitana de São Paulo e entorno, a vegetação do PEJ está situada em uma zona de transição, onde predomina a floresta ombrófila densa, com a presença de algumas espécies de floresta estacional semidecidual. Destaca-se ainda a existência de uma outra fitofisionomia em uma região de afloramentos de rocha e solo raso, onde ocorrem espécies de cerrado, e que merece estudos específicos. Nessa área, a vegetação é predominantemente herbácea, com árvores e arbustos esparsos, em geral de pequeno porte e com tronco suberoso. Especificamente nessa formação, foram registradas 55 espécies pertencentes a 41 gêneros e 18 famílias, das quais 22 não ocorreram nos outros locais amostrados. A família com maior riqueza foi Asteraceae (15 espécies), seguida por Myrtaceae (7), Fabaceae (5) e Melastomataceae (4). Em todo o levantamento, foram contabilizadas 20 espécies exóticas. Apesar de grande parte da vegetação do Parque ser secundária e estar exposta a fortes pressões antrópicas, foram encontradas 14 espécies presentes em alguma das categorias existentes nas listas oficiais de espécies ameaçadas, reforçando a importância do PEJ para a conservação da biodiversidade.

The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic composition of trees and shrubs of the Jaraguá State Park (PEJ), contributing to the knowledge of its biodiversity. Reproductive botanic material was collected along three trails during a 12-month period. The field survey resulted in a flora of 262 native species, 153 genera and 55 families. Fabaceae was the richest family (30 species), followed by Myrtaceae (26), Asteraceae (24), Melastomataceae (20), Lauraceae (16) and Rubiaceae (15). As mentioned for other forest remnants in São Paulo metropolitan region and surroundings, the PEJ vegetation is in a transition zone, where the main formation is the ombrophilous dense forest, but where species of seasonal semi-deciduous forest also occur. Besides that, there is a completely different phytophysiognomy occurring in a region with rocky outcrops and low depth soils, in which cerrado species were found, and that deserves more specific studies. In this site, the vegetation of grasses is the most abundant, and there are also shrubs and trees sparsely distributed, many of them with low height and suberous trunk. Most specifically in this area there were 55 species of 41 genera and 18 families, from which 22 did not occur in the other sites visited. Asteraceae was the family with the higher number of species (15), followed by Myrtaceae (7), Fabaceae (5) and Melastomataceae (4). Twenty exotic species were found along the trails. Despite the fact that PEJ has a big area of secondary vegetation and that it is exposed to strong anthropogenic pressures, there were 14 species belonging to some threat category defined at the official red lists, reinforcing the importance of the Park for biodiversity conservation.

Dípteros ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal no Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil e sua incidência ao longo das estações do ano / Dípteros ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal no Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil e sua incidência ao longo das estações do ano

Ectoparasites are organisms which are externally distributed in relation to an animal, usually dwellingon it. When it is concerned to bats, they can be represented by Hippoboscidae, Streblidae and Nycteribiidaefamilies. Temperature may influence upon the ectoparasites time of life pertaining to the Strebidae family. Theseectoparasites are tropical and tend to appear more frequently during the hottest months of the year. Thus, thepresent work had as aims to identify the ectoparasites insects found on Chiroptera, Mammalia from CinturãoVerde Municipal Park, Cianorte municipality, Paraná state, and analyse the frequency of these animals found onbats along the seasons of the year. The study was carried through from October, 2004 to September, 2005. The insects were collected sometimes manually and sometimes with the aid of tweezers. Then they were placedadequately into flasks containing alcohol at 70%, labeled with information about the parasite and the date ofcollection. During the research, 178 ectoparasites were captured, all of them belonging to the Streblidae family.The captured species were the following: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966, Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima Séguy, 1926, Megistopoda aranea(Coquillet, 1899, Paratrichobius longicrus Miranda Ribeiro, 1907 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillet, 1907. T. joblingi was found on Artibeus lituratus an

Ectoparasites are organisms which are externally distributed in relation to an animal, usually dwellingon it. When it is concerned to bats, they can be represented by Hippoboscidae, Streblidae and Nycteribiidaefamilies. Temperature may influence upon the ectoparasites time of life pertaining to the Strebidae family. Theseectoparasites are tropical and tend to appear more frequently during the hottest months of the year. Thus, thepresent work had as aims to identify the ectoparasites insects found on Chiroptera, Mammalia from CinturãoVerde Municipal Park, Cianorte municipality, Paraná state, and analyse the frequency of these animals found onbats along the seasons of the year. The study was carried through from October, 2004 to September, 2005. The insects were collected sometimes manually and sometimes with the aid of tweezers. Then they were placedadequately into flasks containing alcohol at 70%, labeled with information about the parasite and the date ofcollection. During the research, 178 ectoparasites were captured, all of them belonging to the Streblidae family.The captured species were the following: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966, Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima Séguy, 1926, Megistopoda aranea(Coquillet, 1899, Paratrichobius longicrus Miranda Ribeiro, 1907 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillet, 1907. T. joblingi was found on Artibeus lituratus an

Dieta de quatro espéces de filostomídeos frugívoros (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil / Dieta de quatro espéces de filostomídeos frugívoros (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil

This study aimed at analyzing the diet of four species of frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus, A. fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata) captured in Cinturao Verde Municipal Park, city of Cianorte, state of Parana, considering possible variations in the use of fruits along the seasons of the year. Between October, 2004 and September, 2005, eighty-five samples of feces were obtained which revealed that A. lituratus and A. fimbriatus consumed, preferentially, fruits from Cecropia pachystachya, C. glaziouii, Ficus enormis, F. insipida and F. organensis. Sturnira lilium consumed, essentially, fruits from Solanum diflorum and S. americanum, whereas C. perspicillata fed, mainly, on Piper glabratum and P. hispidum fruits. As for the seasons of the year, there were diet changes, probably because of the fruits ripening period with the climatic seasonality apparently influencing the availability and use of feeding resources.

This study aimed at analyzing the diet of four species of frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus, A.fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata) captured in Cinturão Verde Municipal Park, city of Cianorte, state of Paraná, considering possible variations in the use of fruits along the seasons of the year. Between October, 2004 and September, 2005, eighty-five samples of feces were obtained which revealed that A. lituratus and A. fimbriatus consumed, preferentially, fruits from Cecropia pachystachya, C. glaziouii, Ficus enormis, F. insipida and F. organensis. Sturnira lilium consumed, essentially, fruits from Solanum diflorum and S. americanum, whereas C. perspicillata fed, mainly, on Piper glabratum and P. hispidum fruits. As for the seasons of the year, there were diet changes, probably because of the fruits ripening period with the climatic seasonality apparently influencing the availability and use of feeding resources.

Dípteros ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal no Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil e sua incidência ao longo das estações do ano / Dípteros ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de filostomídeos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal no Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil e sua incidência ao longo das estações do ano

Ectoparasites are organisms which are externally distributed in relation to an animal, usually dwellingon it. When it is concerned to bats, they can be represented by Hippoboscidae, Streblidae and Nycteribiidaefamilies. Temperature may influence upon the ectoparasites time of life pertaining to the Strebidae family. Theseectoparasites are tropical and tend to appear more frequently during the hottest months of the year. Thus, thepresent work had as aims to identify the ectoparasites insects found on Chiroptera, Mammalia from CinturãoVerde Municipal Park, Cianorte municipality, Paraná state, and analyse the frequency of these animals found onbats along the seasons of the year. The study was carried through from October, 2004 to September, 2005. The insects were collected sometimes manually and sometimes with the aid of tweezers. Then they were placedadequately into flasks containing alcohol at 70%, labeled with information about the parasite and the date ofcollection. During the research, 178 ectoparasites were captured, all of them belonging to the Streblidae family.The captured species were the following: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966, Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima Séguy, 1926, Megistopoda aranea(Coquillet, 1899, Paratrichobius longicrus Miranda Ribeiro, 1907 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillet, 1907. T. joblingi was found on Artibeus lituratus an

Ectoparasites are organisms which are externally distributed in relation to an animal, usually dwellingon it. When it is concerned to bats, they can be represented by Hippoboscidae, Streblidae and Nycteribiidaefamilies. Temperature may influence upon the ectoparasites time of life pertaining to the Strebidae family. Theseectoparasites are tropical and tend to appear more frequently during the hottest months of the year. Thus, thepresent work had as aims to identify the ectoparasites insects found on Chiroptera, Mammalia from CinturãoVerde Municipal Park, Cianorte municipality, Paraná state, and analyse the frequency of these animals found onbats along the seasons of the year. The study was carried through from October, 2004 to September, 2005. The insects were collected sometimes manually and sometimes with the aid of tweezers. Then they were placedadequately into flasks containing alcohol at 70%, labeled with information about the parasite and the date ofcollection. During the research, 178 ectoparasites were captured, all of them belonging to the Streblidae family.The captured species were the following: Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966, Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda proxima Séguy, 1926, Megistopoda aranea(Coquillet, 1899, Paratrichobius longicrus Miranda Ribeiro, 1907 and Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillet, 1907. T. joblingi was found on Artibeus lituratus an

Dieta de quatro espéces de filostomídeos frugívoros (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil / Dieta de quatro espéces de filostomídeos frugívoros (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde de Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil

This study aimed at analyzing the diet of four species of frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus, A. fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata) captured in Cinturao Verde Municipal Park, city of Cianorte, state of Parana, considering possible variations in the use of fruits along the seasons of the year. Between October, 2004 and September, 2005, eighty-five samples of feces were obtained which revealed that A. lituratus and A. fimbriatus consumed, preferentially, fruits from Cecropia pachystachya, C. glaziouii, Ficus enormis, F. insipida and F. organensis. Sturnira lilium consumed, essentially, fruits from Solanum diflorum and S. americanum, whereas C. perspicillata fed, mainly, on Piper glabratum and P. hispidum fruits. As for the seasons of the year, there were diet changes, probably because of the fruits ripening period with the climatic seasonality apparently influencing the availability and use of feeding resources.

This study aimed at analyzing the diet of four species of frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus, A.fimbriatus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata) captured in Cinturão Verde Municipal Park, city of Cianorte, state of Paraná, considering possible variations in the use of fruits along the seasons of the year. Between October, 2004 and September, 2005, eighty-five samples of feces were obtained which revealed that A. lituratus and A. fimbriatus consumed, preferentially, fruits from Cecropia pachystachya, C. glaziouii, Ficus enormis, F. insipida and F. organensis. Sturnira lilium consumed, essentially, fruits from Solanum diflorum and S. americanum, whereas C. perspicillata fed, mainly, on Piper glabratum and P. hispidum fruits. As for the seasons of the year, there were diet changes, probably because of the fruits ripening period with the climatic seasonality apparently influencing the availability and use of feeding resources.

Bats from Cinturão Verde de Cianorte Park, Paraná state, Brazil / Levantamento dos morcegos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde De Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil.

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.

Bats from Cinturão Verde de Cianorte Park, Paraná state, Brazil / Levantamento dos morcegos (Chiroptera, Mammalia) do Parque Municipal do Cinturão Verde De Cianorte, Paraná, Brasil

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.

The present study aimed toperform a survey of bat species occurring in Cinturão Verde Cianorte Park, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Aforest fragment with an area of 312 ha, which represents the last remnant of a Submountane Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest, influenced by Cerrado, biome was sampled during eight months. 438 bats of 12 species (23%of Paranás total bat diversity), 10 genera and three families were captured. The small number of species foundmay be explained by the status of this area, which is very degraded contributing to disappearance of moresensitive bat species. Furthermore, due to the spatial arrangement of the park as a narrow horseshoe divided intosmaller fragments, the edge effect is very strong and reduces the forest area. We suggest that conservationstrategies should be implemented, in order to protect species still living there.

Water flux through a semi-deciduous forest grove of the Orinoco savannas.

Water relations were analysed in a semi-deciduous forest grove occurring in the oxisols of the Orinoco savannas. This grove has a shallow unconsolidated ironstone cuirass, which is overlaid by a sandy loam layer (0.0-0.5 m) that contains more than 90% of the grove forest root phytomass. Evapotranspiration and through drainage were calculated by using data from the soil profile as related to physical characteristics of the site root zone, hydraulic conductivity, volumetric water content and potential hydraulic gradient. Mean annual evapotranspiration was 783 mm year-1 and annual through drainage below the root zone was 14% (162 mm year-1) of the gross rainfall. This drainage recharged the 42% of the annual saturation deficit of the water table. Similar mean annual evapotranspiration (770 mm year-1) was also calculated by using the water balance components. The mean daily coupling omega factor (Ω) between the grove canopy and the surrounding atmosphere indicated that a high degree of coupling (Ω=0.14±0.16) occurs in the grove and evapotranspiration was mainly controlled by surface conductance. As the dry season proceeded, the soil saturation deficit (δθ) increased rapidly resulting in a threshold surface conductance (0.030-0.005 m s-1) for δθ ranging from 0.05 to 0.10. Hypotheses to explain the omnipresence of perennial species in the wide range of physical conditions in neotropical savannas are discussed.