Seminal vesicle leiomyosarcoma: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: Primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle is an extremely rare and highly malignant disease with less than 15 cases reported. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 34-year-old man presented with acute urinary symptoms. Imagen studies showed an abdominal mass (80 mm × 65 mm × 50 mm) with contrast enhancement, compressing the right side of the bladder but with a clear cleavage level between surrounding organs. The patient underwent a transrectal US-guided biopsy which was informed as compatible with leiomyosarcoma by immunohistochemical characterization. We performed a cystoprostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy plus radiotherapy. Pathology showed a 7.5 cm × 6 cm nodular para-vesical Leiomyosarcoma histological grade 2 with 0/22 lymph nodes involved. Twelve months after the surgery no recurrences have presented. CONCLUSION: A multi-disciplinary therapeutic approach, combined with close follow-up, is mandatory to obtain good outcomes in such rare and challenging cases.

Primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle. A case report.

Testicular germ cell tumors, including seminomas, originate mainly from the testicles and rarely from extragonadal locations, often retroperitoneum and mediastinum. Moreover, primary seminal vesicle tumors are extremely rare, and the most described histology is adenocarcinoma. We report, as far as we know, the second case of primary seminoma of the seminal vesicle.

Vesiculite seminal em garanhões / Seminal vesiculitis in stallions / Vesiculitis seminal en padrillos

Os garanhões possuem um conjunto completo de glândulas sexuais acessórias, compostas pelas bulbouretrais, a próstata, vesículas seminais e ampolas dos ductos deferentes. Dentre as afecções que acometem essas estruturas, a vesiculite seminal é a de maior ocorrência, consistindo na colonização de uma ou ambas as vesículas por bactérias, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosaa mais frequente. No ejaculado é observada uma grande percentagem de neutrófilos e, eventualmente, hemácias podem estar presentes, caracterizando os quadros de piospermia e hemospermia, respectivamente. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por meio da endoscopia transuretral das vesículas, onde é possível visualizar o conteúdo purulento, associado à cultura bacteriana do lavado da glândula. O tratamento é desafiador, pois a antibioticoterapia apresenta baixa eficácia, com altas taxas de recidiva.(AU)

Stallions have a complete set of accessory sex glands, composed of the bulbourethral, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and ampullae. Among the conditions that affect these structures, seminal vesiculitis is the most common, consisting the colonization of one or both vesicles by bacteria, whose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent. In ejaculate, a large percentage of neutrophils and, eventually, red blood cells may be present, characterizing piospermia and hemospermia, respectively. The definitive diagnosis is made through the transurethral endoscopy evaluation of the seminal vesicles, where it is possible to visualize the purulent content, associated to gland lavage and bacterial culture. Treatment is challenging because antibiotic therapy has low efficacy, with a high relapse rate.(AU)

Los padrillos tienen un conjunto completo de glándulas sexuales accesorias, compuestas por las bulbouretrales, la próstata, las vesículas seminales y las ampollas del conducto deferente. Entre las condiciones que afectan estas estructuras, la vesiculitis seminales la más común, que consiste en la colonización de una o ambas vesículas por bacterias, siendo Pseudomonas aeruginosala más frecuente. En la eyaculación del eyaculado, puede estar presente un gran porcentaje de neutrófilos y, eventualmente, glóbulos rojos, caracterizando la piospermia y la hemospermia, respectivamente. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza a través de la endoscopia transuretral de las vesículas, donde es posible visualizar el contenido purulento asociado con el cultivo bacteriano del lavado de la glándula. El tratamiento es desafiante porque la terapia con antibióticos tiene baja eficácia, con altas tasas de recaída.(AU)

Lorcaserin Administration has Pro-Ejaculatory Effects in Rats via 5-HT2C Receptors Activation: A Putative Pharmacologic Strategy to Delayed Ejaculation?

BACKGROUND: Lorcaserin is an anti-obesity drug whose weight loss effect results from 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT)2C receptors activation. The 5-HT2C receptor was shown to participate in the physiological control of ejaculation, but no data addressing a putative effect of lorcaserin on ejaculation exist. AIM: To investigate the effects of lorcaserin in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models of ejaculation in rats. METHODS: Contractile responses to lorcaserin in rat seminal emission organs in vitro (prostatic and epididymal vas deferens, cauda epididymis, and seminal vesicles), analysis of male rat copulatory behavior, and electromyographic recording of bulbospongiosus muscle in anesthetized animals were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures included in vitro contraction of seminal emission organs and evaluation of the male rat copulatory behavior. The male rat sexual behavior in terms of copulation latency, ejaculation latency, mount and intromission frequency, and ejaculation frequency of sexually experienced adult male rats with a receptive female were also recorded. RESULTS: Lorcaserin (1.0 nM to 1.0 mM) had no significant effects on the in vitro contractility of seminal emission organs smooth muscle (cauda epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles). On the other hand, lorcaserin administration (0.3-1.0 mg/kg, intravenous) induced ejaculation in anesthetized rats, which was prevented by the 5-HT2C-selective antagonist SB 242084 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, intravenous). Single-dose treatment of non-anesthetized male rats with lorcaserin (1.0, 4.0, or 10 mg/kg, per os) induced non-copulating ejaculations in sexually naïve rats. Lorcaserin also had pro-ejaculation effects by decreasing the ejaculation threshold of copulating rats by half. The pro-ejaculatory effects of lorcaserin were reversible as the ejaculation threshold of treated rats recovered after a 1-week washout period. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Due to its reported clinical safety, repurposing lorcaserin for the treatment of delayed ejaculation may be suggested. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: The pro-ejaculatory effect of lorcaserin administration and the role of 5-HT2C were demonstrated in different experimental models of ejaculation in rats. The lack of studies in putative experimental models of delayed ejaculation is a limitation of this study. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the clinically approved 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin is a strong facilitator of ejaculation in rats. de Almeida Kiguti LR, Pacheco TL, Antunes E, et al. Lorcaserin Administration has Pro-Ejaculatory Effects in Rats via 5-HT2C Receptors Activation: A Putative Pharmacologic Strategy to Delayed Ejaculation? J Sex Med 2020;17:1060-1071.

Management of Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction by Seminal Vesiculoscopy: Case Report and Literature Review.

Ejaculatory duct obstruction is a rare condition identified in up to 5% of infertile men. Patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction can present with aspermia, azoospermia or oligoasthenospermia, painful ejaculation, hematospermia, prostatic pain, or male infertility. Semen analysis, transrectal ultrasonography, pelvic computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often used in the diagnostic work up, but with limited accuracy. While transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts has good efficacy for distal duct obstruction, results for proximal obstruction are less impressive, and it might cause severe complications, such as rectal injury and urinary incontinence. Recently, the use of high quality endourological devices and an improved understanding of ejaculatory ducts anatomy gleaned through the use of sophisticated imaging tools have led to the development of novel minimally invasive treatment options for this condition. The present study aims to report an index case of ejaculatory ducts obstruction managed with seminal vesiculoscopy, and review the current literature regarding this topic.

Vesiculite seminal em garanhões / Seminal vesiculitis in stallions / Vesiculitis seminal en padrillos

Os garanhões possuem um conjunto completo de glândulas sexuais acessórias, compostas pelas bulbouretrais, a próstata, vesículas seminais e ampolas dos ductos deferentes. Dentre as afecções que acometem essas estruturas, a vesiculite seminal é a de maior ocorrência, consistindo na colonização de uma ou ambas as vesículas por bactérias, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosaa mais frequente. No ejaculado é observada uma grande percentagem de neutrófilos e, eventualmente, hemácias podem estar presentes, caracterizando os quadros de piospermia e hemospermia, respectivamente. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por meio da endoscopia transuretral das vesículas, onde é possível visualizar o conteúdo purulento, associado à cultura bacteriana do lavado da glândula. O tratamento é desafiador, pois a antibioticoterapia apresenta baixa eficácia, com altas taxas de recidiva.

Stallions have a complete set of accessory sex glands, composed of the bulbourethral, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and ampullae. Among the conditions that affect these structures, seminal vesiculitis is the most common, consisting the colonization of one or both vesicles by bacteria, whose Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent. In ejaculate, a large percentage of neutrophils and, eventually, red blood cells may be present, characterizing piospermia and hemospermia, respectively. The definitive diagnosis is made through the transurethral endoscopy evaluation of the seminal vesicles, where it is possible to visualize the purulent content, associated to gland lavage and bacterial culture. Treatment is challenging because antibiotic therapy has low efficacy, with a high relapse rate.

Los padrillos tienen un conjunto completo de glándulas sexuales accesorias, compuestas por las bulbouretrales, la próstata, las vesículas seminales y las ampollas del conducto deferente. Entre las condiciones que afectan estas estructuras, la vesiculitis seminales la más común, que consiste en la colonización de una o ambas vesículas por bacterias, siendo Pseudomonas aeruginosala más frecuente. En la eyaculación del eyaculado, puede estar presente un gran porcentaje de neutrófilos y, eventualmente, glóbulos rojos, caracterizando la piospermia y la hemospermia, respectivamente. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza a través de la endoscopia transuretral de las vesículas, donde es posible visualizar el contenido purulento asociado con el cultivo bacteriano del lavado de la glándula. El tratamiento es desafiante porque la terapia con antibióticos tiene baja eficácia, con altas tasas de recaída.

Ectopic ureter associated with Zinners syndrome in a kidney recipient: case report and literature review

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Zinner's Syndrome is a triad of mesonephric duct anomalies comprising unilateral renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. In this study, we present a kidney recipient with ectopic ureter associated with Zinner's syndrome and a literature review. CASE PRESENTATION A 59-year-old male with a history of chronic kidney disease and left renal agenesis underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation. After securing optimal renal functions, the patient underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan for the seroma that occurred under the incision. The final diagnosis was an ectopic distal ureter ending in the seminal vesicle cyst's wall and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The patient was discharged without any complications and the clinical follow up was uneventful. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Congenital seminal vesicle disorders are usually associated with ipsilateral urinary duct anomalies stemming from the same embryonic structure. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes kidney transplantation in a patient with ipsilateral renal agenesis and ectopic ureter ending in the seminal vesicle cyst. In patients with renal agenesis, during the ipsilateral urinary tract anastomosis, the possibility of ectopic ureter should be kept in mind otherwise graft loss can occur with a high morbidity rate.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO A Síndrome de Zinner é uma tríade de anomalias do ducto mesonéfrico que compreende agenesia renal unilateral, cisto da vesícula seminal e obstrução do ducto ejaculatório. Neste estudo, apresentamos um receptor de rim com ureter ectópico associado à Síndrome de Zinner e revisão da literatura. APRESENTAÇÃO DO CASO Homem de 59 anos com história de doença renal crônica e agenesia renal esquerda foi submetido a transplante de rim de doador falecido. Após função renal ideal, foi realizada tomografia computadorizada do abdome (TC) devido ao seroma sob incisão. O diagnóstico final foi um ureter distal ectópico que termina na parede do cisto da vesícula seminal e agenesia renal ipsilateral. O paciente recebeu alta sem complicações e o acompanhamento clínico ocorreu sem intercorrências. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO Os distúrbios congênitos da vesícula seminal geralmente estão associados às anomalias do ducto urinário ipsilateral devido a uma mesma estrutura embrionária. Até onde sabemos, é o primeiro relato de caso que descreve o transplante renal em um paciente com agenesia renal ipsilateral e ureter ectópico terminado no cisto da vesícula seminal. Em pacientes com agenesia renal, durante a anastomose do trato urinário ipsilateral, deve-se ter em mente a possibilidade do ureter ectópico, caso contrário, poderá ocorrer perda do enxerto com alta taxa de morbidade.

Mimosine increases the expressions of tyrosine phosphorylated protein in mouse seminal vesicles / La mimosina aumenta la expresión de la proteína tirosina fosforilada en las vesículas seminales del ratón

Acute effect of purified mimosine (MiMo) extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on testicular histopathology has been documented with seminal vesicle (SV) atrophy. Since protein phosphorylation and seminal secretions play important roles in sperm physiology, this study aimed to study the alteration of substances including tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in seminal vesicle treated with MiMo. Male mice were divided into a control and experimental groups treated with purified MiMo at 3 doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 35 consecutive days. The morphology and weights of SV were compared among groups. The levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid were assayed. The profiles of equally SV total proteins were compared using SDS-PAGE. The expression of seminal TyrPho proteins was detected by western blotting. Recent results showed the decreased weights of SV in MiMo treated mice compared to control. However MiMo in all doses did not affect the levels of magnesium and fructosamine in SV fluid. The SV protein expression of 130 and 55 kDas was obviously decreased in a high dose MiMo. In dose-dependent response, the expressions of 72 and 55 kDas TyrPho proteins of SV were increased. In conclusion, MiMo could affect SV morphological size and protein secretions especially TyrPho proteins.

El efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada (MiMo) extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en la histopatología testicular se ha documentado con atrofia de vesícula seminal (VS). Debido a que la fosforilación de proteínas y las secreciones seminales tienen un papel importante en la fisiología de los espermatozoides, este estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la alteración de sustancias como la proteína tirosina fosforilada (TyrPho) en vesículas seminales tratadas con MiMo. Los ratones se dividieron en un grupo control y un grupo experimental y se trataron con MiMo purificado en 3 dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / KgBW, respectivamente, durante 35 días seguidos. La morfología y los pesos de VS se compararon entre los grupos. Fueron analizados los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el fluido VS. Los perfiles de las proteínas totales de VS se compararon utilizando SDS-PAGE. La expresión de la proteína TyrPho en las vesículas seminales se detectó mediante transferencia de Western blot. Los resultados recientes muestran la disminución del peso de las VS en ratones tratados con MiMo, en comparación con el grupo control. Sin embargo, en ninguna de las dosis se vieron afectados por mimosina purificada los niveles de magnesio y fructosamina en el líquido de las VS. La expresión de la proteína en VS de 130 y 55 kDas disminuyó notablemente en una dosis alta de MiMo. En la respuesta dependiente de la dosis, aumentaron las expresiones de 72 y 55 kDas de las proteínas TyrPho en las VS. En conclusión, la mimosina purificada podría afectar el tamaño morfológico de las VS y la expresión de proteínas, especialmente las proteínas TyrPho.

Ocorrência de alterações das glândulas sexuais acessórias de touros de rodeio através do exame ultrassonográfico / Occurrence of alterations in the accessory sex glands of rodeo bulls accessed by ultrasound examination

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a ocorrência de alterações das glândulas sexuais acessórias de touros de rodeio através da ultrassonografia transretal. Touros mestiços (n = 118) foramavaliados através da palpação e ultrassonografia transretal. As glândulas sexuais acessórias (próstata, ampolas dos ductos deferentes e vesículas seminais) foram palpadas e delimitadas quanto ao tamanho e higidez. Após, tais glândulas foram avaliadas e mensuradas de ponta a ponta com ultrassom (Sonoscape®, China), probe linear, modo-B, com frequência de 7,5 Hz, por via transretal. A ocorrência de alterações das vesículas seminais direita e esquerda foi de 44,91 %. A assimetria vesicular leve obteve a prevalência de 47,17 %, a moderada de 5,66 % e grave cerca de 47,17 %. A medida média da ampola foi de 9 mm. A ocorrência de alterações das ampolas direita e esquerda foi de 6,78 %, nos quais as alterações na próstata foi de 17,8 %. Assim, cerca de 10,17 % dos touros apresentaram redução da sensibilidade da próstata e no que diz respeito a ausência de sensibilidade dessa glândula, cerca de 7,63%. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico pode auxiliar em melhor acuidade no exame das glândulas sexuais acessórias em touros de rodeio.(AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of alterations of the rodeo bull accessory sex glands by transrectal ultrasound. Crossbred bulls (n = 118) were evaluated by palpation and transrectal ultrasound. The accessory sex glands (prostate, ampoules and seminal vesicles) were palpated and delimited for size and higidity. Afterwards, these glands were scanned and measured from end to end with ultrasound (Sonoscape®, China), linear probe, B-mode, with frequency of 7.5 Hz, transrectally. The occurrence of right and left seminal vesicle alterations was 44.91%. Mild vesicularasymmetry was prevalent at 47.17%, moderate at 5.66% and severe at 47.17%. The mean ampoule measurement was 9 mm. Changes in right and left ampoules were 6.78%, in which prostate changes were 17.8%. Besides, about 10.17% of bulls had reduced prostate sensitivity and about 7.63% lack of sensitivity of this gland. It is concluded that the ultrasound examination may help in better accuracy in the examination of the accessory sex glands in rodeo bulls.(AU)

Ocorrência de alterações das glândulas sexuais acessórias de touros de rodeio através do exame ultrassonográfico / Occurrence of alterations in the accessory sex glands of rodeo bulls accessed by ultrasound examination

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo determinar a ocorrência de alterações das glândulas sexuais acessórias de touros de rodeio através da ultrassonografia transretal. Touros mestiços (n = 118) foramavaliados através da palpação e ultrassonografia transretal. As glândulas sexuais acessórias (próstata, ampolas dos ductos deferentes e vesículas seminais) foram palpadas e delimitadas quanto ao tamanho e higidez. Após, tais glândulas foram avaliadas e mensuradas de ponta a ponta com ultrassom (Sonoscape®, China), probe linear, modo-B, com frequência de 7,5 Hz, por via transretal. A ocorrência de alterações das vesículas seminais direita e esquerda foi de 44,91 %. A assimetria vesicular leve obteve a prevalência de 47,17 %, a moderada de 5,66 % e grave cerca de 47,17 %. A medida média da ampola foi de 9 mm. A ocorrência de alterações das ampolas direita e esquerda foi de 6,78 %, nos quais as alterações na próstata foi de 17,8 %. Assim, cerca de 10,17 % dos touros apresentaram redução da sensibilidade da próstata e no que diz respeito a ausência de sensibilidade dessa glândula, cerca de 7,63%. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico pode auxiliar em melhor acuidade no exame das glândulas sexuais acessórias em touros de rodeio.

The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of alterations of the rodeo bull accessory sex glands by transrectal ultrasound. Crossbred bulls (n = 118) were evaluated by palpation and transrectal ultrasound. The accessory sex glands (prostate, ampoules and seminal vesicles) were palpated and delimited for size and higidity. Afterwards, these glands were scanned and measured from end to end with ultrasound (Sonoscape®, China), linear probe, B-mode, with frequency of 7.5 Hz, transrectally. The occurrence of right and left seminal vesicle alterations was 44.91%. Mild vesicularasymmetry was prevalent at 47.17%, moderate at 5.66% and severe at 47.17%. The mean ampoule measurement was 9 mm. Changes in right and left ampoules were 6.78%, in which prostate changes were 17.8%. Besides, about 10.17% of bulls had reduced prostate sensitivity and about 7.63% lack of sensitivity of this gland. It is concluded that the ultrasound examination may help in better accuracy in the examination of the accessory sex glands in rodeo bulls.

Acute effects of mimosine purified from Leucaena leucocephala on male reproductive system of adult mice / Efectos agudos de la mimosina purificada de Leucaena leucocephala en el sistema reproductor masculino de ratones adultos

This study attempted to examine the acute effect of purified minosine extracted from Leucaena leucocephala on male reproductive system. Adults male mice were divided into 4 groups (n =8); control and 3 experimental groups treated with purified mimosine at different doses of 15, 30, and 60 mg/KgBW, respectively for 7 consecutive days. The morphological features and weights of body and reproductive organs including testis, epididymis plus vas deferens, and seminal vesicle were compared among groups. In addition, epididymal sperm concentration and the changes of histopathology of testicular tissues in all groups were observed. The results showed that mimosine in all doses did not affect mice body weights. However, all doses of mimosine could significantly reduce the absolute and relative weights of testis and seminal vesicle but not of epididymis plus vas deferens. Significantly, mimosine at doses of 30, and 60 mg/KgBW could decrease sperm concentration. Moreover, the seminiferous atrophy and degeneration were obviously found in mimosine treated mice as compared to the control. In conclusion, consumption of Leucaena leucocephala edible parts containing mimosine could damage male reproductive organs which may cause acute male subfertility or infertility.

Este estudio intentó examinar el efecto agudo de la mimosina purificada extraída de Leucaena leucocephala en el sistema reproductivo masculino. Se dividieron ratones machos adultos en 4 grupos (n = 8): un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales tratados con mimosina purificada a diferentes dosis de 15, 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso, respectivamente, durante 7 días consecutivos. Se compararon entre los grupos, las características morfológicas y el peso corporal, los órganos reproductivos, incluyendo los testículos, el epidídimo más conducto deferente y vesícula seminal. Además, se observó la concentración de espermatozoides epididimarios y los cambios de la histopatología de los tejidos testiculares en todos los grupos. Los resultados mostraron que la mimosina no afectó los pesos corporales de los ratones. Sin embargo, todas las dosis de mimosina podrían reducir significativamente los pesos absolutos y relativos de los testículos y las glándulas seminales, pero no así del epidídimo y los conductos deferentes. La mimosina en dosis de 30 y 60 mg / Kg por peso podría disminuir significativamente la concentración de esperma. Además, se observó la atrofia y degeneración seminífera en ratones tratados con mimosina en comparación con el grupo control. En conclusión, el consumo de partes comestibles de Leucaena leucocephala que contienen mimosina podría dañar los órganos reproductivos masculinos, lo que puede causar subfertilidad masculina aguda o infertilidad.

Methotrexate changes the testicular tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and seminal vesicle epithelia of adult rats / El metotrexato cambia la expresión de la proteína testicular-tirosina fosforilada y el epitelio vesicular seminal en ratas adultas

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used as a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant but its adverse effect on male reproductive system is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MTX on structure and functional proteins of testis and seminal vesicle. Adult male rats were divided into control and MTX groups (n =12). In 30 experimental days, the treated animals were injected with MTX (tail i.v., 75 mg/KgBW) at days 8 and 15. Then, the reproductive parameters and histology of both groups were examined. Thickness of seminal seminal vesicle epithelia was analyzed. Also, the expressions of testicular tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein were investigated. The results showed that MTX could significantly decrease epididymal sperm concentration. In addition, the germ cell degeneration, increased spaces of interstitial tissues, and low epididymal sperm mass density were observed in MTX group. The thickness of seminal vesicle epithelia in MTX group was significantly lower than that of control group. Moreover, the intensity of testicular phosphorylated proteins of 31, 32, 72, and 85 kDas was significantly increased while of 42 and 47 kDas in MTX group was decreased as compared to control. The expression of testicular StAR protein in MTX group was also significantly decreased as compared to the control. In conclusion, MTX affects testicular and seminal tissues and changes testicular functional proteins in adult rats.

El metotrexato (MTX) se usa comúnmente como agente de quimioterapia y supresor del sistema inmunitario, pero su efecto adverso en el sistema reproductor masculino sigue siendo limitado. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto del MTX sobre la estructura y las proteínas funcionales del testículo y la vesícula seminal. Ratas macho adultas se dividieron en grupos control y grupo con MTX (n = 12). En 30 días experimentales, a los animales tratados se les inyectó MTX (cola i.v., 75 mg / KgBW) los días 8 y 15. Luego, se examinaron los parámetros reproductivos y la histología de ambos grupos. Se analizó el espesor del epitelio de la vesícula seminal. Además, se investigaron las expresiones de la proteína tirosina testicular fosforilada y de la proteína reguladora aguda esteroidogénica (StAR). Los resultados mostraron que el MTX podría disminuir significativamente la concentración de espermatozoides epididimarios. Además, se observó la degeneración de las células germinales, el aumento de los espacios de los tejidos intersticiales y la baja densidad de masa del espermatozoide epididimal en el grupo de MTX. El grosor del epitelio de la vesícula seminal en el grupo MTX fue significativamente menor que el del grupo control. Además, la intensidad de las proteínas testiculares fosforiladas de 31, 32, 72 y 85 kDas aumentó significativamente, mientras que la de 42 y 47 kDas en el grupo MTX disminuyó en comparación con el control. La expresión de la proteína StAR testicular en el grupo MTX también se redujo significativamente en comparación con el control. En conclusión, el MTX afecta los tejidos testiculares y seminales y cambia las proteínas funcionales testiculares en ratas adultas.

Immunoendocrine abnormalities in the male reproductive system during experimental pulmonary tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that mainly affects the lungs. Along the course of pulmonary TB there are remarkable changes in the production of cytokines that cause endocrine changes. So far, it is not known the physiological and histological changes in the male reproductive system during pulmonary TB. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether pulmonary TB produces histological alterations of the BALB/c mice reproductive organs, as well as abnormalities in spermatogenesis, serum testosterone concentrations and expression of testicular cytokines. METHODS: BALB/c mice were infected intratracheally with high dose Mtb strain H37Rv. Groups of six non infected and infected animals were euthanized on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90 and 120 post-infection. Bacillary loads were determined by counting colony forming units (CFUs) in lungs, testes, prostate and seminal vesicles. Histological sections were obtained from the same organs. Spermatozoids number and quality were assessed by spermatobioscopy. Serum testosterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoanalysis (RIA) in control and infected mice in each time of sacrifice. RESULTS: Mtb only grew in lung tissue. Serum androgens showed a trend to decrease in the infected mice compared to the healthy animals, the difference turn into statistically significance at post infection day 120. The weight of the testis was not modified throughout the study, and no histopathological changes were found. However, we detected a significant decrease in the weight of the seminal vesicles and prostate starting at 28 days post-infection. Atrophy of the seminal vesicles and prostate epithelia were significant, beginning after 60 days of infection. Spermatobioscopy revealed hypospermia in the later stages of the disease. We have observed in the testes a local significant disbalance on the cytokine profile (increase of IL-6 and decrease of IL-10 and TGF-b levels) together with a very significant reduction of the body weight during late pulmonary TB. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary TB affects the histophysiology of the male reproductive system due to hormonal changes, an imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and a wasting syndrome during late disease.

Immune mediators associated to male infertility in a mouse model of DNA immunization with the sperm protease proacrosin.

The immune response has relevant physiological functions both in the male and female reproductive system, and must be tightly controlled to achieve a successful pregnancy. Several immune factors have been related to infertility, among them humoral and cellular immune responses triggered by sperm antigens. The present study was aimed at evaluating the immune profile induced by DNA immunization against the sperm protease proacrosin in CF1 male mice and its effect upon fertility. Immunized animals exhibited higher anti-proacrosin antibodies levels than controls (indirect ELISA), both in serum (p<0.01) and in seminal vesicle fluid (SVF; p<0.05). IgG2a levels were higher than IgG1 in serum (p<0.01) and similar in SVF. IL-10 and TGF-ß1 mRNA levels were lower in testis (p<0.05), whereas TNF-α and IFN-γ transcript levels were increased in SV tissue (p<0.05). Immunized mice showed a trend toward higher IFN-γ concentration in serum and SVF than controls. Male fertility rate was diminished in immunized mice (p<0.01) and inversely correlated with serum and SVF anti-proacrosin IgG levels (p<0.001). Immunized animals also had fewer pups born than controls (p<0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report on DNA immunization done in CF1 mice. Injection of proacrosin DNA induces an immune response in the male reproductive tract characterized by high levels of specific antibodies and cytokine changes. These factors may alter the crucial balance of the genital tract microenvironment required for adequate fertilization and pregnancy.

Effect of sesame-supplemented diet on prostate and seminal vesicle histology of adult rat / Efecto de la dieta suplementada con sésamo en la histología de la próstata y vesícula seminal de ratas adultas

Infertility is a great concern among the people of reproductive age. The use of natural products obtained from traditional herbs is appealing. Studies show that antioxidants are important in improving male infertility. Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into two regimen and control groups. The regimen group received diet containing 30 % sesame seed, while the control group received standard diet for 12 weeks. Histology of prostate and seminal vesicle were evaluated and serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations were assessed as well. The results showed that, the diameter of peripheral epithelium and the volume density of the prostate epithelium increased but the volume density of the prostate stroma was decreased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group. Central epithelium diameter and the volume density of the prostate lumen did not change significantly between two groups. In seminal vesicle, volume density of fibromascular and lumen decreased significantly in regimen group compared to control group. FSH and Testosterone level did not change while LH concentration increased significantly in the regimen group compared to the control group (P <0.03). This study shows that the sesame seed might improve male rat reproductive systems by histopathological changes in prostate and seminal vesicle.

La infertilidad es una gran preocupación para las personas en edad reproductiva y el uso de productos naturales obtenidos a partir de hierbas tradicionales es interesante. Los estudios demuestran que los antioxidantes son importantes en la mejora de la infertilidad masculina. Treinta ratas macho, adultas, se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos, experimental y control. El grupo experimental recibió dieta con un 30 % de semillas de sésamo, mientras que el grupo control recibió dieta estándar durante 12 semanas. Fueron evaluadas la histología de próstata y vesícula seminal, así como los niveles séricos de las concentraciones de FSH, LH y testosterona. Los resultados mostraron que el diámetro del epitelio periférico y la densidad de volumen del epitelio de la próstata aumentaron, pero la densidad de volumen del estroma de próstata se redujo significativamente en el grupo experimental en comparación con el grupo control. El diámetro del epitelio central y la densidad de volumen del lumen de la próstata no presentaron cambios significativos entre los dos grupos. En la vesícula seminal, la densidad de volumen fibromuscular y el lumen se redujeron significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control. FSH y el nivel de testosterona no cambiaron, mientras que la concentración de LH aumentó significativamente en el grupo de régimen en comparación con el grupo control (P <0,03). Este estudio indica que la semilla de sésamo podría mejorar los sistemas reproductivos de ratas macho a partir de cambios histopatológicos en la próstata y las vesículas seminales.

Morphology and MMP-9, AR and IGFR-1 responses of the seminal vesicle in TRAMP mice model.

Seminal vesicles are important hormone-dependent accessory sex glands. Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model has been used to evaluate malignant diseases in the prostate and in other sexual glands. The aim of this study was to characterize structural and molecular features of the seminal vesicle in different life periods of the TRAMP mice. Groups: Control Group (5 FVB/12 week old mice), TRAMP 12 and 22 Groups (10 TRAMP 12 and 22 week old mice, respectively). Seminal vesicles were evaluated by morphological and immunohistochemical parameters; androgenic receptor (AR), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFR-1) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). The TRAMP mice showed frequent epithelial proliferation, including cellular stromal invasion, especially in the TRAMP 22 group. Intense AR reactivity was seen in both stroma and epithelial regions in the TRAMP 22 group. Intense IGFR-1 and MMP-9 stromal immunolabeling was identified in both TRAMP groups. Thus, there were structural and molecular changes in the seminal vesicle in TRAMP mice, compromising not only the structure but also the stromal signaling, damaging thus the function and leading to glandular lesions. TRAMP mice could be indicated as a good model to study alterations of the seminal vesicle in association to prostate cancer.

Análise comparativa de estruturas do aparelho reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas de cobaias / Comparative analysis of male and female guinea pig's reproductive system structures / Análisis comparativo de estructuras de aparato reproductor de cobayos machos y hembras

Porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus), ou cobaia, é um roedor de comportamento dócil, que vem sendo mantido como animal de estimação. As fêmeas alcançam maturidade sexual com seis semanas de vida e são poliéstricas não sazonais, enquanto os machos estabelecem a espermatogênese com 6 semanas de vida, mas sua maturidade sexual é alcançada entre o 3º e 4º mês de vida. O aparelho reprodutivo das fêmeas é composto por cérvix, corpo uterino, cornos uterinos, oviduto e ovários. O aparelho reprodutivo dos machos é composto por testículos, epidídimo, canal deferente, glândulas sexuais acessórias (próstata, glândula coaguladora, glândula bulbouretral e vesícula seminal), glândulas perineais e caudais e pênis. A ultrassonografia é um exame de imagem de fácil acesso, que pode ser utilizada em cobaias. É útil no diagnóstico de doenças no aparelho genitourinário, como cálculos em vesícula urinária e cistos ovarianos. Foram selecionados 14 cobaias do sexo feminino e masculino, de diversas idades, pertencentes a tutores, obtidos em clínica particular, passaram por exame ultrassonográfico para avaliação do sistema genitourinário, com ênfase nos órgãos do aparelho reprodutivo. Órgãos como cornos uterinos e vesícula seminal apresentaram semelhanças na anatomia topográfica e aspecto ao exame ultrassonográfico. Entretanto, a bifurcação dos cornos uterinos a partir do corpo uterino ocorre dorsocranial à vesícula urinária, enquanto a bifurcação das vesículas seminais ocorre a partir da próstata, dorsocaudal à vesícula urinária.

Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a docile rodent, which has been kept as pet. Females reach sexual maturity at the age of six weeks and are nonseasonal poliestric, while males establish spermatogenesis at the age of 6 weeks, but sexual maturity is reached between 3rd and 4th months. Females' reproductive tract consists of cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries. Males' reproductive system consists of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory sexglands (prostate, coagulating gland, bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicle), perineal and caudal glands and penis. Ultrasound is an easy access imaging study, which can be used in guinea pigs. It is useful in the diagnosis of disease in genitourinary tract, such as urinary calculi in bladder and ovarian cysts. 14 males and females guinea pigs were selected, from different ages, belonging to tutors, obtained in private clinic, underwent ultrasonography to evaluate the genitourinary system, with emphasis on the reproductive tract. Organs such as uterine horns and seminal vesicle showed similarities in the topographic anatomy and look at the ultrasound. However, the uterine horns' bifurcation from uterine body is above and forward the urinary bladder, while the seminal vesicles' bifurcation occurs from prostate, above and back from the urinary bladder.

Cobayo (Cavia porcellus) es un roedor dócil, que se ha mantenido como mascota. Las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual a las seis semanas de vida y poliéstricas no son de temporada, mientras que los machos establecen espermatogénesis con 6 semanas de edad, pero la madurez sexual se alcanza entre el tercero y el cuarto mes de vida. El tracto reproductivo de las mujeres consiste en el cuello uterino, cuerpo uterino, uterinos cuernos, oviductos y los ovarios. El sistema reproductivo de los hombres consiste en testículos, epidídimo, conductos deferentes, glándulas accesorias sexuales (próstata, glándula coagulante, glándulas bulbouretrales y vesícula seminal), glándulas perineales y el flujo y el pene. El ultrasonido es un estudio de imagen de fácil acceso, que se puede utilizar en cobayas. Es útil en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en el tracto genitourinario, tales como los cálculos urinarios en la vejiga y quistes ováricos. 14 cuyes de hombres y mujeres, de diferentes edades, pertenecientes a propietarios privados, obtenidos en la práctica privada, se sometieron a una ecografía para evaluar el sistema genitourinario, con énfasis en los órganos del aparato reproductor. Órganos como cuernos uterinos y vesícula seminal mostraron similitudes en la anatomía topográfica y mirar a la prueba de ultrasonido. Sin embargo, la unión de los cuernos uterinos de cuerpo uterino dorsocranialla vejiga urinaria se produce como la bifurcación de las vesículas seminales es de próstata, dorso-caudal a la vejiga urinaria.

Análise comparativa de estruturas do aparelho reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas de cobaias / Comparative analysis of male and female guinea pig's reproductive system structures / Análisis comparativo de estructuras de aparato reproductor de cobayos machos y hembras

Porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus), ou cobaia, é um roedor de comportamento dócil, que vem sendo mantido como animal de estimação. As fêmeas alcançam maturidade sexual com seis semanas de vida e são poliéstricas não sazonais, enquanto os machos estabelecem a espermatogênese com 6 semanas de vida, mas sua maturidade sexual é alcançada entre o 3º e 4º mês de vida. O aparelho reprodutivo das fêmeas é composto por cérvix, corpo uterino, cornos uterinos, oviduto e ovários. O aparelho reprodutivo dos machos é composto por testículos, epidídimo, canal deferente, glândulas sexuais acessórias (próstata, glândula coaguladora, glândula bulbouretral e vesícula seminal), glândulas perineais e caudais e pênis. A ultrassonografia é um exame de imagem de fácil acesso, que pode ser utilizada em cobaias. É útil no diagnóstico de doenças no aparelho genitourinário, como cálculos em vesícula urinária e cistos ovarianos. Foram selecionados 14 cobaias do sexo feminino e masculino, de diversas idades, pertencentes a tutores, obtidos em clínica particular, passaram por exame ultrassonográfico para avaliação do sistema genitourinário, com ênfase nos órgãos do aparelho reprodutivo. Órgãos como cornos uterinos e vesícula seminal apresentaram semelhanças na anatomia topográfica e aspecto ao exame ultrassonográfico. Entretanto, a bifurcação dos cornos uterinos a partir do corpo uterino ocorre dorsocranial à vesícula urinária, enquanto a bifurcação das vesículas seminais ocorre a partir da próstata, dorsocaudal à vesícula urinária.(AU)

Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a docile rodent, which has been kept as pet. Females reach sexual maturity at the age of six weeks and are nonseasonal poliestric, while males establish spermatogenesis at the age of 6 weeks, but sexual maturity is reached between 3rd and 4th months. Females' reproductive tract consists of cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries. Males' reproductive system consists of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory sexglands (prostate, coagulating gland, bulbourethral gland and seminal vesicle), perineal and caudal glands and penis. Ultrasound is an easy access imaging study, which can be used in guinea pigs. It is useful in the diagnosis of disease in genitourinary tract, such as urinary calculi in bladder and ovarian cysts. 14 males and females guinea pigs were selected, from different ages, belonging to tutors, obtained in private clinic, underwent ultrasonography to evaluate the genitourinary system, with emphasis on the reproductive tract. Organs such as uterine horns and seminal vesicle showed similarities in the topographic anatomy and look at the ultrasound. However, the uterine horns' bifurcation from uterine body is above and forward the urinary bladder, while the seminal vesicles' bifurcation occurs from prostate, above and back from the urinary bladder.(AU)

Cobayo (Cavia porcellus) es un roedor dócil, que se ha mantenido como mascota. Las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual a las seis semanas de vida y poliéstricas no son de temporada, mientras que los machos establecen espermatogénesis con 6 semanas de edad, pero la madurez sexual se alcanza entre el tercero y el cuarto mes de vida. El tracto reproductivo de las mujeres consiste en el cuello uterino, cuerpo uterino, uterinos cuernos, oviductos y los ovarios. El sistema reproductivo de los hombres consiste en testículos, epidídimo, conductos deferentes, glándulas accesorias sexuales (próstata, glándula coagulante, glándulas bulbouretrales y vesícula seminal), glándulas perineales y el flujo y el pene. El ultrasonido es un estudio de imagen de fácil acceso, que se puede utilizar en cobayas. Es útil en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad en el tracto genitourinario, tales como los cálculos urinarios en la vejiga y quistes ováricos. 14 cuyes de hombres y mujeres, de diferentes edades, pertenecientes a propietarios privados, obtenidos en la práctica privada, se sometieron a una ecografía para evaluar el sistema genitourinario, con énfasis en los órganos del aparato reproductor. Órganos como cuernos uterinos y vesícula seminal mostraron similitudes en la anatomía topográfica y mirar a la prueba de ultrasonido. Sin embargo, la unión de los cuernos uterinos de cuerpo uterino dorsocranialla vejiga urinaria se produce como la bifurcación de las vesículas seminales es de próstata, dorso-caudal a la vejiga urinaria.(AU)