Integrative Individuation: An Alternative To The Separation-Individuation Model.

An alternative to Mahler's separation-individuation model of child development is presented to explain differences in the development and experience of a sense of self in Indian culture and other cultures where the Western sense of individual selfhood is not seen as the goal of maturity and adulthood. In the absence of such a formulation, called here integrative individuation, the familial and relational experience of people from non-Western cultures is often misunderstood and pathologized by clinicians. Features of this non-Western sense of self include looser boundaries, different relational priorities, and greater tolerance regarding personal space. Though these differences have been commented on by scholars, a detailed developmental model has not previously been formulated.

Separation-individuation from the community among religious Jewish teens in Israel.

We wished to understand the contribution of personal, family, and community factors to the risky behaviors (RBs) of religious Jewish teens in Israel, and whether sense of community belonging mediated the religious estrangement/RB association. A convenience sample comprised 645 adolescents aged 14-19 (420 female/225 male) from Israel's national-religious sector was used in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, self-esteem, future orientation, degree of religious estrangement, perceived parental acceptance, and sense of community belonging were reported. Being a male, older, and living in a rural community were associated with more RBs, as were higher religious estrangement and less acceptance from the mother. Sense of community was found to partially mediate the religious estrangement/RB association. We extended Blos's conceptualization of adolescence as a second separation-individuation from the parents to include a parallel process of separation-individuation from the community. The results may help in designing interventions for adolescents in religious communities.

Unpaid balance of the transgenerational legacy: the separation-individuation process involved in the early genesis of eating disorders / Saldo não liquidado do legado transgeracional: o processo de separação-individuação na gênese precoce dos transtornos alimentares

RESUMO: Este estudo investigou a experiência de maternagem em mulheres cujas filhas foram diagnosticadas com anorexia nervosa ou bulimia nervosa, buscando identificar aspectos do vínculo precoce mãe-filha que guardam relação com os sintomas psicopatológicos. Partimos da suposição de que sintomas graves na esfera alimentar expressam elementos específicos da dinâmica relacional precoce com a figura materna. Na perspectiva da teoria da transmissão psíquica transgeracional, conjecturamos que a constituição do sintoma tem como elemento articulador um vínculo fusional e involucra uma tentativa malograda de colocar um traço de separação e proteção da filha contra intrusões e excessos maternos. São estabelecidas relações com conteúdos transgeracionais.

Abstract: This study investigated the experience of mothering in women whose daughters were diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, seeking to identify aspects of the early mother-daughter bond that are related to psychopathological symptoms. We started from the assumption that severe symptoms in the eating sphere express specific elements of the early relational dynamics with the mother figure. Considering the theory of transgenerational psychic transmission, we conjecture that the constitution of the symptom has as an articulating element a fusional bond and involves an unsuccessful attempt to place a trace of separation and protection of the daughter against maternal intrusions and excesses. Relationships with transgenerational contents are established.

The Concept of Synchronization in the Process of Separation-Individuation Between a Parent and an Adolescent.

Objectives: Humans experience the process of separating-individuating themselves from an object via the conflict between dependence and independence within the self. The separation-individuation theory focuses on the psychological process of individualizing oneself. Although adolescents' individuation from their parents is based on intrapsychic events, there is an increasing need for an intersubjective understanding of it. We applied intersubjectivity to adolescents and parents to interpret and find solutions for problems arising during their individuation process. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed a case of a son and his father treated by the author. From the study subject, contents that represent adolescents and parents' interaction and separation in the individualization process were extracted and analyzed, and their experiences shared in this process were reconstructed from the therapist's perspective. Results: From the case involving an adolescent boy with conduct problems and his interactions with his father, the authors observed the phenomenon of intersubjectivity and proposed the concept of "synchronized individuation" between adolescents and parents. As adolescents rapidly grow and change, they experience various dynamic interactions with their parents. Through learning to tolerate the conflicts and ambivalent tension inherent in this individuation process, adolescents and their parents develop their new identity. Conclusion: "Synchronized individuation" should be understood as complementary to, rather than exclusive from, the existing concept of the separation and individuation. It offers a new paradigm with which to understand adolescent-parent conflicts in the process of separation- individuation.

"No me taladres la cabeza". Cómo tratar al adolescente que rechaza ser tratado / "No em foradis el cap". Com tractar l’adolescent que rebutja ser tractat / "Don't drive me crazy". Dealing with adolescents who refuse to get treatment

En la clínica encontramos adolescentes con síntomas serios, que no tienen consciencia de conflicto, y relaciones familiares que no les hanpermitido diferenciase de su familia. En estos casos, proponemos una intervención familiar con el objetivo de resolver las distorsiones patológicas que bloquean el desarrollo del adolescente. Presentamos un caso clínicoen el cual se pueden observar las vicisitudes de la intervención familiar y como ésta facilita la evolución de lapsicoterapia individual.(AU)

A la clínica, trobem adolescents ambsímptomes seriosos, que no tenen consciència de conflicte i relacions familiars que no li han permès diferen-ciar-se de la família. En aquests casos, proposem una intervenció familiar adreçada a resoldre les distorsions patològiques que bloquegen el desenvolupament de l'adolescent. Presentem un cas clínic en el qual es podenobservar les vicissituds de la intervenció familiar i com aquesta facilita l'evolució de la psicoteràpia individual.(AU)

In our clinical work, we find adolescents with severe symptoms, who are not aware of the conflict, and family relationships that have notallowed them to differentiate themselves from their family. In these cases, we propose a family interventionto resolve the pathological distortions that block the adolescent's development. We present a clinical case inwhich we can observe the vicissitudes of family intervention and how it facilitates the evolution of individualpsychotherapy.(AU)

The association between separation individuation process and binge eating disorder in adolescents aged 12-18.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the associations between separation individuation (SI) process and binge eating disorder (BED) in adolescence aged 12-18 years old, as most challenges related to SI process and eating disorders (EDs) tend to arise in this age group. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 30 adolescents diagnosed with BED and 332 healthy adolescents as a control group. All adolescents diagnosed with BED underwent clinical interviews and all adolescents in the study filled in self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Our results highlighted higher levels of need denial (p = 0.014) and rejection expectancy (p = 0.008) of SI difficulties in adolescents with BED as compared to the ones without BED. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of its nature providing good evidence for the association between SI process and BED in adolescents. Although these difficulties in SI process by themselves are not evidence of causative link, these results can contribute to the understanding of the causative factors in BED and underpin further research. The correlation can be used as a consideration in the prevention and treatment of BED. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control analytic study.

A Vivência Materna do Processo de Separação-Individuação de Bebês que Frequentavam ou Não a Creche / La Experiencia Materna del Proceso de Separación-Individualización en Bebés que Asisten a lo Jardin Infantil o No / Maternal Experience of the Separation-Individuation Process in Infants who Attended or Did Not Attend Daycare

Resumo Este estudo investigou a vivência materna do processo de separação-individuação mãe-bebê no primeiro ano de vida. Em particular, buscou investigar, a partir do relato materno, as particularidades desse processo quando o bebê frequenta ou não a creche. Foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo envolvendo seis mães e seus bebês, entre os quais três frequentavam a creche e três não frequentavam. As mães foram entrevistadas no 6º e 12º mês de vida dos bebês. A análise de conteúdo qualitativa dos relatos maternos revelou que os bebês vivenciavam o processo de separação-individuação conforme preconizado por Mahler, Pine e Bergman (1975/1977), independentemente de frequentarem ou não a creche. Contudo, a análise apontou diferenças nos relatos das mães quanto aos seus sentimentos relacionados a se separar dos filhos, sendo que revelaram mais sofrimento entre aquelas cujos bebês não frequentavam a creche. Os resultados sugerem que o processo de separação-individuação mãe-bebê se constituiu em um fenômeno intrapsíquico importante, tanto para o bebê como para a mãe, e foi ocorrendo como o esperado, entre os casos investigados, independentemente do bebê frequentar ou não a creche.

Resumen Este estudio investigo la experiencia materna del proceso de separación-individuación madre-hijo en el primer año de vida. En particular, se trató de investigar, desde la cuenta de la madre, las peculiaridades de este proceso cuando el bebé asiste a la guardería o no. Fue realizado un estudio de casos múltiples em que participan 6 madres y sus bebés, incluyendo 3 en guarderías y 3 no. Las madres fueron entrevistadas a los 6 y 12 meses de edad de los bebés. El análisis de contenido cualitativo de los informes maternos reveló que los bebés han demostrado que responden al proceso de separación-individuación según lo recomendado por Mahler, Pine y Bergman (1975/1977), independientemente o no de asistir al jardín infantil. Sin embargo, el análisis mostró diferencias en las cuentas de las madres sobre sus sentimientos relacionados con separar a los niños, y reveló más sufrimiento entre aquellos cuyos bebés no estaban asistiendo al jardín infantil. Los resultados sugieren que el proceso de separación-individuación se convirtió en un fenómeno intra-psíquico importante, tanto para el bebé como para la madre, y estaba sucediendo como era de esperar, entre los casos investigados, independientemente de el bebé asistir o no al jardín infantil.

Abstract This study investigated the maternal experience of the separation-individuation process in the first year of life. In particular, it aimed to investigate the particularities of this process when the infant attends or does not attend daycare, based on reports of the mothers. A multiple case study was conducted involving six mothers and their infants, among whom three attended daycare and three did not. The mothers were interviewed when their children were 6 and 12 months of age. The qualitative content analysis of the maternal reports revealed that the infants experienced the separation-individuation process, as described by Mahler, Pine, and Bergman (1975/1977), regardless of whether they attended daycare or not. The mothers reported differences in the feelings regarding their separation from the child, which revealed more suffering among those whose infants did not attend daycare. The results suggested that the separation-individuation process is an important intrapsychic phenomenon, both for the infant and for the mother, and was occurring as expected in the cases investigated, regardless of whether the infant attended daycare or not.

Contributors to young drivers' driving styles - A comparison between Israel and Queensland.

Among the numerous factors that contribute to young novice drivers' driving styles, personality characteristics, sociodemographic variables, family atmosphere, and friends' norms are known to have an important impact. However, cross-cultural comparisons are relatively rare in the safety literature concerning young drivers. This study aimed at comparing young drivers from Israel and Queensland (Australia) and examining the contribution of personality, sociodemographic, family and friends' aspects to their driving styles (reckless and careless; hostile and angry; anxious; patient and careful). More specifically, this study examined the associations between young drivers' driving style and their perceptions of separation-individuation, the family climate for road safety, and the safe driving climate among friends. We also examined sociodemographic and driving history variables such as gender, the marital status of parents, and personal exposure to traffic crashes. The study consisted of two samples of male and female young drivers (age 17-22) from Israel (n=160) and Queensland (n=160), who completed a set of valid and reliable self-report questionnaires. Findings indicate that in general, maladaptive driving styles are associated with lower family tendency to engage in promoting road safety, higher pressure and costs of driving with peers, and unhealthier separation-individuation aspects. The opposite is observed for the patient and careful driving style that relates to higher engagement of the family in road safety, lower pressure from friends, and healthier separation-individuation. Some differences were found regarding specific styles between the two samples. In addition, women scored lower than men in the reckless and careless style, and higher (in the Israeli sample) in the anxious as well as the patient and careful styles. Overall, similarities in the associations between the study variables in the samples exceed the differences, and the importance of examining variables on multi-levels when referring to young drivers' driving styles, is confirmed. The findings attest to the universal utility of the MDSI, together with the understanding that only a wider examination of personal and environmental contributors enables true insights into the complex behavior of driving among young drivers.

A Model of Female Sexual Desire: Internalized Working Models of Parent-Child Relationships and Sexual Body Self-Representations.

The etiology of low female sexual desire, the most prevalent sexual complaint in women, is multi-determined, implicating biological and psychological factors, including women's early parent-child relationships and bodily self-representations. The current study evaluated a model that hypothesized that sexual body self-representations (sexual subjectivity, self-objectification, genital self-image) explain (i.e., mediate) the relation between internalized working models of parent-child relationships (attachment, separation-individuation, parental identification) and sexual desire in heterosexual women. We recruited 614 young, heterosexual women (M = 25.5 years, SD = 4.63) through social media. The women completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used. The hypotheses were supported in that the relation between internalized working models of parent-child relationships (attachment and separation-individuation) and sexual desire was mediated by sexual body self-representations (sexual body esteem, self-objectification, genital self-image). However, parental identification was not related significantly to sexual body self-representations or sexual desire in the model. Current findings demonstrated that understanding female sexual desire necessitates considering women's internalized working models of early parent-child relationships and their experiences of their bodies in a sexual context. Treatment of low or absent desire in women would benefit from modalities that emphasize early parent-child relationships as well as interventions that foster mind-body integration.

Estratégias defensivas na adolescência diante de falhas ambientais continuadas / Defense mechanisms in adolescence in response to continued environmental

Este trabalho versa sobre as possibilidades de construção do self de um adolescente de cerca de 20 anos diante das falhas ambientais no processo de separação-individuação (Margaret Mahler) e no segundo processo de individuação (Peter Blos). São abordados os conceitos de "medo do colapso", de Winnicott (1963/1994), e a "posição fóbica central", de André Green (2000) para dar conta do tipo de defesa do paciente na adolescência final. Também é feita uma associação entre as defesas empregadas pelo paciente e uma estratégia defensiva adotada pela civilização Inca

This essay analyses the self-construction of a 20 years old adolescent in response to environmental failures during the separation-individuation process (Margaret Mahler) and the second individuation process (Peter Blos). The concepts of "breakdown"(Winnicott, 1963/1994) and "central fobic position" (Green, 2000) are examined to understand the defense mechanisms the patient uses during the adolescence

On Belonging: The American Adolescent of Arab Descent.

Although American families of Arab origin come from 22 countries and from varied backgrounds and cultures, reports suggest that they suffer equally from acculturation stress, stereotyping, discrimination, and the reverberations of the aftermath of September 11 as well as global affairs. However, because children and adolescents from these families, particularly those who are newly arrived immigrants, tend to do well in school, they are rarely targeted by research or policy. This article uses the narratives of 5 middle school age male students from Arab descent who were in a support group that met for 3 years (2004-2007), beginning shortly after President George W. Bush's declaration of the war on the "axis of evil." I used vignettes from this group to illustrate the stressors this population faces. The final section suggests an option for supporting this population.

Em busca de novas linguagens sobre o desenvolvimento emocional primitivo / Searching for new lenguages about the primitive emotional development

O presente artigo é um ensaio que visa buscar uma nova forma de fazer descrições sobre os aspectos do funcionamento mental que estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento emocional primitivo. Busca especular sobre conceitos e descrições que convidem a intuição do leitor a visualizar de forma direta e o mais inequívoca possível ao que se quer descrever como experiência particular de um momento ou funcionamento mental. Postula que só uma linguagem que não se restrinja a uma lógica formal é que pode dar conta de descrever a complexidade da experiência subjetiva, especialmente aquela que se relaciona a estados psicopatológicos relacionados a defeitos nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento humano(AU)

This article is an assay that searches for new ways of making descriptions of aspects of mental functioning, with correlations to the primitive emotional development. It wishes to speculate about conceptions and descriptions who invite the reader to use their intuition to see directly what is a particular experience of mental functioning. It believes that only a non-formal logical can describe the complexity of subjective experience, specially the one correlated to the psychopathological conditions of dysfunction of the initial phases of human development(AU)

Adaptação à creche e o processo de separação-individuação: reações dos bebês e sentimentos parentais / The adjustment to daycare center and separation-individuation process: infants’ reactions and parents’ feelings / Adaptación a lo jardin infantil y el proceso de separacion-individualizacion: reacciones de los bebés y sentimientos de los padres

Este estudo investigou os relatos das mães e pais sobre as reações dos bebês frente à adaptação à creche e os sentimentos e reações parentais. Participaram 13 bebês e seus genitores que ingressaram na creche durante as subfases do processo de separação-individuação: diferenciação (6º mês), exploração (12º mês) e reaproximação (20º mês). Análise de conteúdo qualitativa das entrevistas apontou que reações de recusa à alimentação e adoecimento fizeram-se particularmente presentes entre os bebês que estavam nas subfases de diferenciação e exploração. Sentimentos de insegurança predominaram no relato dos genitores cujos bebês estavam na subfase de exploração, quando alguns não conseguiram se adaptar à creche. Na subfase de reaproximação, apesar das reações iniciais da criança e de sentimentos de insegurança parentais, os bebês apresentaram boa adaptação. Destaca-se a importância da presença parental no período de adaptação, contribuindo para que a creche torne-se uma referência para o bebê possibilitando a continuidade do processo de separação-individuação.

The present research investigated the reports of mothers and fathers about the babies’ reactions during the daycare adjustment and also the parents’ feelings and reactions at this moment. Thirteen babies and their parents who entered a daycare center during the differentiation (6th month), practicing (12th month) and rapprochement (20th month) sub-phases of the Separation-Individuation Process, took part in the study. Content analysis revealed that the feed refuse and illness were babies’ reactions in the differentiation and practicing sub-phases. Insecurity feelings were more frequent in the parents whose babies were in the practicing sub-phases, when some did not adjust to the daycare. In the rapprochement sub-phase the babies showed good adjustment despite babies’ initial reactions and some parents’ feelings of insecurity. The study highlights that the parents’ presence in the adjustment period makes the daycare center a landmark for the baby that permits the continuity of the separation-individuation process.

Este estudio investigó los informes de las madres y padres sobre las reacciones de los bebés en la adaptación al jardín infantil y los sentimientos y reacciones parentales en este momento. Participaron 13 niños y sus padres que entraron en el jardín infantil durante las subfases del proceso de separación-individualización: diferenciación (6º mes), exploración (12º mes) y reaproximación (20º mes). El análisis de contenido cualitativo de las entrevistas mostró que reacciones negativas a los alimentos y las enfermedades estaban especialmente presentes entre niños que se encontraban en las subfases de diferenciación y exploración. Sentimientos de inseguridad fueron más frecuentes en los padres cuyos bebés estaban en la subfase de exploración, cuando algunos no han sabido adaptarse a lo jardín infantil. En la subfase de reaproximación, a pesar de las reacciones iniciales del niño y sentimientos de inseguridad de los padres, los bebés mostraron una buena adaptación. El estudio resalta la importancia de la presencia parental durante la adaptación, contribuyendo para que el jardín infantil se convierta en una referencia para el niño permitiendo la continuidad del proceso de separación-individualización.

Adolescência e jovem adultícia: crescimento pessoal, separação-individuação e o jogo das relações / Adolescence and emerging adulthood: personal growth, separation-individuation and the relational game

O presente artigo procura problematizar a importância das dinâmicas relacionais no crescimento pessoal. Tendo como ponto de partida a teoria da apego, o desenvolvimento pessoal é pautado por processos de separação-individuação; são estes os processos que permitem a construção de um sentido de autonomia. Recentemente o conceito de "adultos emergentes" tem vindo a ganhar destaque, gerindo a discussão em torno dos factores internos e externos que eventualmente potenciam a entrada na adultícia. Pais, irmãos e pares assumem relevância neste processo, o que implica posteriormente um alargamento da rede social ao contexto de trabalho e às relações amorosas. As implicações desta transição serão discutidas à luz do processo de separação-individuação e dos factores moderadores do crescimento pessoal.

The purpose of the present article is to discuss the importance of the relationship dynamics in personal development. Taking the attachment theory as a starting point, the personal development path is guided by separation-individuation processes; these processes allow building a sense of autonomy. Recently the concept of "emerging adults" has gained importance, managing the debate around the internal and external factors that may enhance the entry into adulthood. Parental figures, siblings and peers assume a relevant role in the process, supporting the adolescent's inclusion in broader social contexts like work and romantic relationships. The implications of this transition will be discussed according to the separation-individuation process and moderating factors of personal growth.

Adolescência e jovem adultícia: crescimento pessoal, separação-individuação e o jogo das relações / Adolescence and emerging adulthood: personal growth, separation-individuation and the relational game

O presente artigo procura problematizar a importância das dinâmicas relacionais no crescimento pessoal. Tendo como ponto de partida a teoria da apego, o desenvolvimento pessoal é pautado por processos de separação-individuação; são estes os processos que permitem a construção de um sentido de autonomia. Recentemente o conceito de "adultos emergentes" tem vindo a ganhar destaque, gerindo a discussão em torno dos factores internos e externos que eventualmente potenciam a entrada na adultícia. Pais, irmãos e pares assumem relevância neste processo, o que implica posteriormente um alargamento da rede social ao contexto de trabalho e às relações amorosas. As implicações desta transição serão discutidas à luz do processo de separação-individuação e dos factores moderadores do crescimento pessoal.(AU)

The purpose of the present article is to discuss the importance of the relationship dynamics in personal development. Taking the attachment theory as a starting point, the personal development path is guided by separation-individuation processes; these processes allow building a sense of autonomy. Recently the concept of "emerging adults" has gained importance, managing the debate around the internal and external factors that may enhance the entry into adulthood. Parental figures, siblings and peers assume a relevant role in the process, supporting the adolescent's inclusion in broader social contexts like work and romantic relationships. The implications of this transition will be discussed according to the separation-individuation process and moderating factors of personal growth.(AU)

D. W. Winnicott (1896-1971) e M. Mahler (1897-1985) / D. W. Winnicott (1896-1971) and M. Mahler (1897-1985)

A partir da apresentação das contribuições principais de Winnicott e Mahler ao desenvolvimento precoce, a autora descreve algumas referências cruzadas que se podem encontrar entre eles (Winnicott referido explicitamente por Mahler) - ou inferir (Mahler referida implicitamente por Winnicott), propondo a adequação e a coerência que podem ser encontradas entre ambos esses importantes referenciais teóricos

Based on the presentation of the main contributions of Winnicott and Mahler regarding early development, the author describes some cross-references that can be found among them (Winnicott referred explicitly by Mahler) - or inferences (Mahler referred implicitly by Winnicott), proposing the adequacy and consistency that can be found between both of these important theoretical referentials

O nascer do outro na mente: o nascer da própria mente: antes... Agora... E depois? / The birth of the other in one's mind: the birth of one's mind: before... now... and after? / El nacimiento del otro en la mente: el nacimiento de la propia mente: antes... ahora... y despues?

A autora relata uma experiência emocional vivida com sua paciente quando do desenvolvimento da percepção do nascer de sua própria mente e também a experiência sofrida por ela do reconhecimento da existência do outro. Observa um padrão de relacionamento ao longo do trabalho analítico onde a força da manutenção do vínculo na dupla ocorre através da oscilação presença<->ausência abrupta e ameaçadora da paciente, tanto nas sessões como em suas relações. Utiliza vinhetas clínicas como estímulo à compreensão do que se propôs. A autora faz um convite à reflexão a respeito dos desdobramentos dessas descobertas sobre a questão da temporalidade proposta no título do: antes... do agora... e do depois...

The author reports an emotional experience lived with her patient when developing the perception of the birth of her own mind and also the suffering experience of recognizing the existence of the other. It has been observed a relationship pattern throughout the analytic work in which the maintenance strength of the pair link occurs through the oscillation of the abrupt and threatening “presence<->absence” of the patient, either in the sessions or in her relationships with other people. Clinical vignettes are used as a stimulus to understand what is being proposed. The author invites to and suggests a reflection concerning the breakdown of those findings about the temporality matter presented in the title: before… now… and after….

La autora relata una experiencia emocional vivida con su paciente cuando estaba produciéndose el desarrollo de la percepción del nacimiento de su propia mente y también de la experiencia sufrida por ella al reconocer la existencia del otro. Observa un modelo de relacionamiento a lo largo del trabajo analítico donde la fuerza de manutención del vínculo de la dupla ocurre a través de la oscilación presencia-ausencia, abrupta y amenazadora de la paciente, tanto en las sesiones como en sus relacionamientos. Utiliza viñetas clínicas como estímulo a la comprensión de lo que se propone. La autora hace una invitación para reflexionar a respecto de los desdoblamientos de esos descubrimientos sobre la cuestión de la temporalidad propuesta en el título: del antes… del ahora y del después.

O nascer do outro na mente: o nascer da própria mente: antes... Agora... E depois? / The birth of the other in one's mind: the birth of one's mind: before... now... and after? / El nacimiento del otro en la mente: el nacimiento de la propia mente: antes... ahora... y despues?

A autora relata uma experiência emocional vivida com sua paciente quando do desenvolvimento da percepção do nascer de sua própria mente e também a experiência sofrida por ela do reconhecimento da existência do outro. Observa um padrão de relacionamento ao longo do trabalho analítico onde a força da manutenção do vínculo na dupla ocorre através da oscilação presença<->ausência abrupta e ameaçadora da paciente, tanto nas sessões como em suas relações. Utiliza vinhetas clínicas como estímulo à compreensão do que se propôs. A autora faz um convite à reflexão a respeito dos desdobramentos dessas descobertas sobre a questão da temporalidade proposta no título do: antes... do agora... e do depois...(AU)

The author reports an emotional experience lived with her patient when developing the perception of the birth of her own mind and also the suffering experience of recognizing the existence of the other. It has been observed a relationship pattern throughout the analytic work in which the maintenance strength of the pair link occurs through the oscillation of the abrupt and threatening “presence<->absence” of the patient, either in the sessions or in her relationships with other people. Clinical vignettes are used as a stimulus to understand what is being proposed. The author invites to and suggests a reflection concerning the breakdown of those findings about the temporality matter presented in the title: before… now… and after….(AU)

La autora relata una experiencia emocional vivida con su paciente cuando estaba produciéndose el desarrollo de la percepción del nacimiento de su propia mente y también de la experiencia sufrida por ella al reconocer la existencia del otro. Observa un modelo de relacionamiento a lo largo del trabajo analítico donde la fuerza de manutención del vínculo de la dupla ocurre a través de la oscilación presencia-ausencia, abrupta y amenazadora de la paciente, tanto en las sesiones como en sus relacionamientos. Utiliza viñetas clínicas como estímulo a la comprensión de lo que se propone. La autora hace una invitación para reflexionar a respecto de los desdoblamientos de esos descubrimientos sobre la cuestión de la temporalidad propuesta en el título: del antes… del ahora y del después.(AU)

O Processo de separação-individuação em adolescentes do sexo masculino na transição para a paternidade / The process of separation-individuation in adolescents during transition to fatherhood

O presente estudo investigou o processo de separação-individuação de adolescentes do sexo masculino na transição para a paternidade. Os participantes foram três adolescentes, com 16 a 18 anos de idade no início da coleta de dados, residentes em Porto Alegre. Foi utilizado um delineamento de estudo de caso coletivo, de caráter longitudinal, para avaliar tal aspecto junto aos adolescentes no terceiro trimestre de gestação, terceiro mês, primeiro e segundo ano do bebê. Os relatos dos participantes foram analisados através de análise de conteúdo qualitativa, buscando investigar indicadores da segunda (Blos, 1996) e terceira (Colarusso, 1990) individuação. Foi possível constatar características das duas fases desse processo, especialmente no segundo ano do bebê, indicando que a paternidade, apesar de dificultar a vivência de algumas tarefas específicas da adolescência, trouxe alguns avanços no aspecto emocional.

The present study aimed at investigating the separation-individuation process in male adolescents during transition period to fatherhood. Three young fathers, aged between 16 and 18 years old in the beginning of data collection, living in Porto Alegre, took part in the study. To evaluate this process, the study used a collective-case design, of a longitudinal character, which comprised four phases: third quarter of pregnancy, the baby's third month, his/her first and second year. The participants' answers were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, looking for indicators of the second (Blos, 1996) and the third individuation (Colarusso, 1990). It was possible to verify characteristics of the second individuation in the young fathers, as well as of the third, especially in the child's second year of life, indicating that fatherhood brought some advances for emotional development is concerned, even though it also made some tasks of adolescence more difficult to be achieved.