Optimizing Harvesting Efficiency: Development and Assessment of a Pneumatic Air Jet Excitation Nozzle for Delicate Biostructures in Food Processing.

This study presents a new pneumatic air jet excitation nozzle, specifically designed for food processing applications. The device, which uses compressed air equipment and a precision solenoid valve, controls air discharge through a parametric air jet nozzle. Tests showed that the device could achieve shooting frequencies in the 40-45 Hz range, with operational pressures between 5 and 7 bar. A sensor system was used to measure the force generated by the device at different frequencies and pressures. Using the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology, we identified optimal cavity designs for 5 and 6 bar pressures. These designs outperformed others in generating uniform force and maintaining consistent vibration voltage behavior. This highlights the efficacy of our approach in enhancing device performance under different conditions. The device's practical application in food processing was demonstrated, particularly in delicate tasks such as the selective harvesting of sensitive crops like coffee fruits. The precise vibrations generated by the device could potentially enhance harvesting efficiency while significantly reducing mechanical damage to plants. The results position the device as a compelling proof of concept, offering an alternative method for exciting biostructures in food processing. This device opens up new possibilities in agricultural and biological fields, providing a non-intrusive and practical approach to manipulating and interacting with delicate, contactless structures, with a specific focus on improving food processing efficiency and quality.

Pistol shooting performance under pressure: Longitudinal changes in gaze behavior of male and female Army cadets.

We found evidence that Army cadets improved their gaze behavior and performance across time under high and low pressure in a shooting task. The purpose of the study was to determine if male and female cadets developed an optimal quiet eye (QE) onset, a longer QE duration, and decreased pupil diameter variability (PDV) over time under low (LP) and high pressure (HP) conditions. The study was carried out over four sessions, with intervals of 4.5 months. During each session, 16 men and 12 women, first-year cadets of The Brazilian Army Academy, performed ten pistol shots under counterbalanced LP and HP conditions. The cadets shot in the upright position and wore an eye-tracker. Shooting accuracy improved and did not differ for men and women in the LP condition, however during HP the women performed more poorly than the men in session 1 but improved to a level similar to the men in session 4. QE duration Pre (aiming) did not differ during LP, while during HP QE Post (execution) increased across the session for men and women. QE onset 2 (execution) occurred earlier for the men than women during LP, while during HP the women improved to a level similar to the men in sessions 3 and 4. PDV declined across sessions for men and women with the lowest values in sessions 3 and 4. The findings are discussed within social facilitation theory, which states the context of training affects the rate at which improvements in motor skills occur. The results show that women cadets can improve their shooting performance, quiet eye duration, quiet eye onset and pupil diameter variability to a level similar to men if three to four LP and HP training sessions are scheduled across approximately 12-18 months.

Antibacterial effect of Asphodelus fistulosus aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts on gram positive and gram negative bacteria / Efeito antibacteriano de extratos brutos aquosos e etanólicos de Asphodelus fistulosus sobre bactérias gram-positivas e gram-negativas

Asphodelus fistulosus (A. fistulosus) is a wild plant grows in Jordan. Traditionally, it is used to treat different medical conditions and diseases such as respiratory ailments, against burns and dermatomucosal infections.This study aims to find out the effects of A. fistulosus aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts on Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as gram negative bacteria and to investigate which one will be affected either by aqueous and/or ethanolic crude extracts of A. fistulosus shooting parts that were collected from Jerash in the north of Jordan. Agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts. In addition, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as well as MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined against both types of bacteria. The results showed that flower aqueous extract of A. fistulosus was very effective against E. coli (20.0 ± 0.50) mm and caused a (14.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition to S. aureus. The ethanolic extract of stem was very effective cauesed a (19.0 ± 0.50) mm inhibition in both bacterial species. Respectively, both S. aureus and E. coli were inhibited by ethanolic and aqueous extracts (mixture1 and mixture2) (15.0 ± 0.00 mm and 10.5 ± 0.50 mm). The highest antimbacterial activity was observed for the leaves aqueous extract against E.coli (0.06120 mg/mL). The obtained MIC values from A. fistulosus parts extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity ranged between 7.606 and 0.06120 mg/mL. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in the leaves aqueous extract against E. coli.The MBC value of stem aqueous extract was 5.00 mg/mL against both S. aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves gave MBC values 5.00 mg/mL, and 0.156 mg/mL, respectively, against E. coli.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is good inhibitory effect of aqueous and ethanolic of A. fistulosus shooting parts extracts on growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Adding to that, stem ethanolic extract has the most effective against S. aureus while aqueous extract of flower has the most effective against E. coli.So, it is recommended to have further future studies on the A. fistulosus shooting parts crude extract bioactive components and the mechanism of how these constituents affect these types of bacteria.

Asphodelus fistulosus (A. fistulosus) é uma planta selvagem que cresce na Jordânia. Tradicionalmente, é usada para tratar diferentes condições médicas e doenças, como doenças respiratórias, contra queimaduras e infecções dermatomucosas. Bactérias positivas e Escherichia coli (E. coli) como bactérias gram-negativas e investigar qual delas será afetada por extratos brutos aquosos e/ou etanólicos de partes de tiro de A. fistulosus que foram coletadas em Jerash no norte da Jordânia. O método de difusão em poço de ágar foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos brutos. Além disso, MIC (concentração inibitória mínima) e MBC (concentração bactericida mínima) foram determinados contra ambos os tipos de bactérias. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato aquoso de flores de A. fistulosus foi muito eficaz contra E. coli (20,0 + 0,50 mm) e causou uma inibição (14,0 + 0,50 mm) para S. aureus. O extrato etanólico do caule foi muito eficaz, causando inibição (19,0 + 0,50 mm) em ambas as espécies bacterianas. Respectivamente, tanto S. aureus quanto E. coli foram inibidos pelos extratos etanólico e aquoso (mistura 1 e mistura 2) (15,0 + 0,00 mm e 10,5 + 0,50 mm). A maior atividade antibacteriana foi observada para o extrato aquoso das folhas contra E. coli (0,06120 mg/mL). Os valores de CIM obtidos dos extratos de partes de A. fistulosus demonstraram atividade antibacteriana variando entre 7,606 e 0,06120 mg/mL. A maior atividade antimicrobiana foi registrada no extrato aquoso das folhas contra E. coli. O valor de CBM do extrato aquoso do caule foi de 5,00 mg/mL contra S. aureus e E. coli. Por outro lado, os extratos etanólico e aquoso das folhas apresentaram valores de CBM de 5,00 mg/mL e 0,156 mg/mL, respectivamente, contra E. coli, efeito de extratos aquosos e etanólicos de partes de tiro de A. fistulosus no crescimento de E. coli e S. aureus. Somando-se a isso, o extrato etanólico do caule é o mais eficaz contra S. aureus enquanto o extrato aquoso da flor é o mais eficaz contra E. coli. Assim, recomenda-se a realização de estudos futuros sobre os componentes bioativos do extrato bruto de partes fotografais de A. fistulosus e o mecanismo de como esses constituintes afetam esses tipos de bactérias.

Differential sprouting ability during micropropagation of Nidularium minutum Mez (Bromeliaceae)

Nidularium minutum is an ornamental bromeliad from the Brazilian Rainforest. The micropropagation of this species is essential for obtaining plants available for conservation programs or commercial use. Our study aimed to establish an efficient plant production method by in vitro sprouting. This bromeliad takes a long time to sprout in vitro, and 10% of the plants produce shoots in a culture medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). When subcultured in a PGR-free medium, these individualized shoots can sprout like the mother plant. The Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) containing 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) promoted the induction of adventitious shoots in greater than 90% of the plants after 240 days of culture with an average of more than eight shoots per plant. Approximately 100% of the in vitro-produced shoots survived after acclimatization, reaching the flowering stage. Therefore, our results showed that in vitro regeneration of N. minutum depends on the cultivation period and that plants with a higher sprouting capacity can be selected and used as micropropagation matrices, contributing to the production of this endangered bromeliad.(AU)

Los ejercicios técnicos para la mejora del tiro a portería en futbolistas sub 12 / Exercícios técnicos para a melhoria do tiro a portaria em jogadores de futebol sub-12 / Technical exercises for the improvement of the shot on goal in U12 players

RESUMEN La suspensión de los entrenamientos deportivos por causa de la emergencia sanitaria, ocasionada por la COVID 19, ha provocado que se busquen alternativas para contrarrestar los entrenamientos en este contexto. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en presentar una propuesta de contextualización de ejercicios en casa para mejorar los tiros a portería, en deportistas adolescentes con lineamientos lúdicos. La metodología utilizada fue la fenomenológica-hermenéutica, con lo cual se quiere describir e interpretar la experiencia de diez entrenadores de fútbol de divisiones menores, de diferentes equipos de las ligas barriales en la ciudad de Quito. Para esto, se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista a través del instrumento banco de preguntas, las cuales respondían a dos dimensiones: la primera, al sistema de ejercicios específicos para el tipo a la portería y la segunda, el enfoque lúdico en la realización de ejercicios. Los resultados de las entrevistas se analizaron y sintetizaron en dos componentes: el primero fue el enfoque lúdico en la realización de ejercicios, donde se destaca el diseño de actividades lúdicas y el segundo componente fue el sistema de ejercicios específicos para el tipo a la portería. Se pudo obtener una propuesta contextualizada a las circunstancias vividas por los deportistas adolescentes y sus dificultades en los entrenamientos deportivos, sugiriendo la inclusión del enfoque lúdico, la utilización, adaptación y creación de implementos deportivos y su aplicabilidad en diferentes espacios, todo ello con la práctica de contenidos técnicos específicos para la mejora del tiro a portería, en el contexto de la pandemia.

RESUMO A suspensão do treinamento esportivo devido à emergência sanitária, causada pela COVID 19, provocou a busca de alternativas para contrariar o treinamento neste contexto. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em apresentar uma proposta de contextualização dos exercícios em casa para melhorar os tiros a portaria, em atletas adolescentes com orientações lúdicas. A metodologia utilizada foi a fenomenológico-hermenêutica, com a qual queremos descrever e interpretar a experiência de dez treinadores de futebol de divisões menores, de diferentes equipes das ligas de bairro da cidade de Quito. Para isso, a técnica da entrevista foi aplicada através do banco de instrumentos de perguntas, que respondeu a duas dimensões: a primeira, ao sistema de exercícios específicos para o tipo ao objetivo e a segunda, a abordagem lúdica na realização de exercícios. Os resultados das entrevistas foram analisados e sintetizados em dois componentes: o primeiro foi a abordagem lúdica na realização de exercícios, onde se destaca o desenho das atividades lúdicas e o segundo componente foi o sistema de exercícios específicos para o tipo de objetivo. Foi possível obter uma proposta contextualizada às circunstâncias vividas pelos atletas adolescentes e suas dificuldades no treinamento esportivo, sugerindo a inclusão da abordagem lúdica, o uso, adaptação e criação de implementos esportivos e sua aplicabilidade em diferentes espaços, tudo com a prática de conteúdos técnicos específicos para a melhoria do chute a gol, no contexto da pandemia.

ABSTRACT The suspension of sports training due to the health emergency caused by COVID 19 has led to the search for alternatives to counteract training in this context. The objective of this research consisted of presenting a proposal for the contextualization of exercises at home to improve shots on goal, in adolescent athletes with ludic guidelines. The methodology used was the phenomenological-hermeneutic, with which we want to describe and interpret the experience of ten soccer coaches of minor divisions, from different teams of the neighborhood leagues in the city of Quito. For this, the interview technique was applied through the question bank instrument, which responded to two dimensions: the first, the system of specific exercises for the type of goalkeeping and the second, the playful approach in the realization of exercises. The results of the interviews were analyzed and synthesized into two components: the first was the ludic approach in the realization of exercises, where the design of ludic activities stands out, and the second component was the system of specific exercises for the goal type. It was possible to obtain a contextualized proposal to the circumstances experienced by adolescent athletes and their difficulties in sports training, suggesting the inclusion of the ludic approach, the use, adaptation and creation of sports implements and their applicability in different spaces, all this with the practice of specific technical contents for the improvement of the shot to goal, in the context of the pandemic.

Eficacia en el tiro de la pistola de aire bajo condiciones normales y de excitación / Eficiência de tiro com pistola de ar em condições normais e de excitação / Air pistol firing efficiency under normal and excitation conditions

RESUMEN El tiro es practicado en su mayoría por policías o militares. Ha llegado a ser un deporte olímpico donde se destaca la prueba de pistola con aire, la cual requiere una concentración mental extrema y precisión en sus movimientos para lograr efectividad en el disparo. En este trabajo, los autores se propusieron como objetivo identificar los datos cinemáticos del complejo brazo-arma en estado normal y de excitación durante la ejecución del tiro, considerando variables a la frecuencia cardíaca, la efectividad del disparo y los ángulos de las principales articulaciones (glecohumeral) que permiten la ejecución de la técnica. Como parte de la metodología, esta investigación se implementó en el polígono de tiro cerrado de la Escuela Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" y se analizaron a siete deportistas que conforman los equipos de Tiro de la Fuerza Terrestre y Aérea ecuatoriana. Se analizó la frecuencia cardíaca (en cuatro fases), la efectividad del disparo (en tres oportunidades) y el ángulo de la articulación glenohumeral en estado de reposo y en excitación, donde se realizaron las comparaciones pertinentes. Como resultados del estudio, se muestra que los valores medios de la frecuencia cardíaca fueron significativamente diferentes (p=0.001), al ser mayores en estado de excitación. La efectividad del disparo no establece diferencias significativas (p=0.620) entre estados, al igual que los ángulos de la articulación glenohumeral (p=0.209). Se concluye que no hay diferencias significativas en la efectividad de los disparos en excitación y en reposo, indicador de una buena preparación física, aunque hay menor efectividad del disparo en estado de excitación.

RESUMO O tiro é praticado principalmente pela polícia ou militares, tornou-se um desporto olímpico onde se destaca o exame da pistola de ar, o que requer uma concentração mental extrema e precisão nos seus movimentos para se conseguir eficácia no tiro. Neste trabalho, os autores visam identificar os dados cinemáticos do complexo braço-arma em estado normal e excitado durante a execução do tiro, considerando variáveis como o ritmo cardíaco, a eficácia do tiro e os ângulos das articulações principais (glecohumeral) que permitem a execução da técnica. Como parte da metodologia, esta pesquisa foi implementada na carreira de tiro fechado da Escola Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" e foram analisados sete atletas que compõem as equipas de tiro do Exército e da Força Aérea equatoriana. O ritmo cardíaco foi analisado (em quatro fases), a eficácia do tiro (em três oportunidades) e o ângulo da articulação glenoumeral em estado de repouso e em excitação, onde foram feitas as comparações correspondentes. Como resultados do estudo, mostra-se que os valores médios da frequência cardíaca eram significativamente diferentes (p=0,001), sendo mais elevados no estado excitado. A eficácia do tiro não estabelece diferenças significativas (p=0,620) entre estados físicos, bem como os ângulos de articulação glenoumeral (p=0,209). Conclui-se que não há diferenças significativas na eficácia de disparar em estado de excitação e em repouso, um indicador de boa preparação física, embora haja menos eficácia de disparar em estado de excitação.

ABSTRACT Shooting is practiced mostly by police or military, it has become an Olympic sport where the air pistol test stands out, which requires extreme mental concentration and precision in its movements to achieve effectiveness in the shot. In this work, the authors aim to identify the kinematic data of the arm-weapon complex in normal and excited state during the execution of the shot, considering variables such as heart rate, the effectiveness of the shot and the angles of the main joints (glecohumeral) that allow the execution of the technique. As part of the methodology, this research was implemented in the closed shooting range of the Escuela Superior Militar "Eloy Alfaro" and seven athletes that form the shooting teams of the Ecuadorian Army and Air Force were analyzed. The heart rate (in four phases), the effectiveness of the shot (in three opportunities) and the angle of the glenohumeral joint in resting and excited states were analyzed, where the pertinent comparisons were made. As results of the study, it is shown that the mean values of the heart rate were significantly different (p=0.001), being higher in the excited state. The effectiveness of the shot does not establish significant differences (p=0.620) between states, as well as the glenohumeral joint angles (p=0.209). It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the effectiveness of shooting in excitement and at rest, an indicator of good physical preparation, although there is less effectiveness of shooting in the excited state.

Relationship between bow stability and postural control in recurve archery.

AbstractArchery is a sport that requires fine movement control, and postural stability is considered an important variable to achieve high performance. In order to better understand the coupling between archer and bow during the aiming phase, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bow stability and postural control in recurve archery according to shooting performance. A total of 8 archers shot 6 arrows at a 13-m distant target. The three-dimensional position of one marker attached to the bow and the center of pressure (COP) position of the archer (the point of application of the resultant ground reaction force on a force plate) were measured during the aiming phase, representing bow and archer displacement, respectively. COP displacement in the direction across the target (COPY), length of the COP trajectory (DCOP) and length of the bow trajectory (Dbow) were higher in the lowest scoring shot compared to the highest one. A strong and significant correlation was found between COP and bow displacement in the direction towards/away from the target (COPX and DX) and between COPX and vertical displacement of the bow (DZ) during the highest scoring shot. This result indicates that synchronization between body and bow sway may influence the accuracy of the shot, suggesting that combined balance and bow stability training exercises would be beneficial to improve archery performance.

As mulheres no tiro de laço: notas etnográficas sobre a participação das mulheres em uma prática dita masculina / Women in shooting: ethnographic notes on women's participation in a so-called male practice / Mujeres en el rodaje: notas etnográficas sobre la participación de las mujeres en la llamada práctica masculina

Neste estudo, apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação sobre a participação de mulheres em uma prática esportiva da cultura gaúcha, dita masculina, o tiro de laço. Para obtenção dos dados dessa pesquisa, realizamos um estudo etnográfico desenvolvido durante um período de rodeios que aconteciam no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul e também de reuniões de uma entidade tradicionalista, afim de nos aproximar e acompanhar mulheres que participavam dessa prática em particular. Ao longo do trabalho de campo pudemos perceber que as mulheres estão cada vez mais ganhando espaço dentro dessa prática, despertando interesse de espectadores e fazendo com que a organização desses eventos passe a valorizar mais a modalidade de prendas ofertando prêmios maiores para chamar a atenção dessas competidoras.

In this study, we present a discussion about the participation of women in a sports practice of the gaúcha culture, called masculine, the lace shooting. To obtain the data from this research we conducted an ethnographic study, in which we participated during a period of rodeos that took place on the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul and also meetings of a traditionalist entity, in order to approach and accompany women who participated in this particular practice. Throughout the fieldwork we noticed that women are increasingly gaining space within this practice, arousing interest of spectators and making the organization of these events come to value the modality of gifts by offering larger prizes to attract the attention of these competitors.

En este estudio, presentamos los resultados de una investigación sobre la participación de las mujeres en una práctica deportiva de la cultura gaucha, llamada masculina, el tiro con encaje. Para obtener los datos de esta investigación, realizamos un estudio etnográfico desarrollado durante un período de rodeos que tuvo lugar en la costa norte de Rio Grande do Sul y también reuniones de una entidad tradicionalista, para acercarse y acompañar a las mujeres que participaron en esta práctica en particular. A lo largo del trabajo de campo, notamos que las mujeres ganan cada vez más espacio dentro de esta práctica, despertan el interés de los espectadores y hacen que la organización de estos eventos valore el modo de obsequios al ofrecer premios más grandes para atraer la atención de estos competidores.

Biomecánica del tiro de pistola de aire calibre 22 en deportistas de ambos sexos de pichincha / Biomechanics of 22-gauge air pistol shooting in Pichincha athletes, both sexes

Introducción: El tiro con pistola es una modalidad deportiva donde el componente técnico es fundamental para el logro de altos rendimientos deportivos. Por ende, los estudios biomecánicos posibilitan determinan los alcances y limitaciones del movimiento motriz en función de potenciar la efectividad del disparo. Objetivo: Comparar algunos indicadores biomecánicos en la técnica del tiro de pistola en deportistas de ambos sexos en Pichincha, tomando en cuenta características físicas y resultados obtenidos en diversas competiciones. Métodos: Se estudiaron a 11 deportistas de tiro de pistola (4 mujeres y 7 hombres) a través de un análisis técnico del aspecto postural y los movimientos realizados en la ejecución del disparo. Los movimientos se analizaron con el programa Kinovea, estudiando las variables ángulos de abertura inicial y final del brazo, centro de gravedad y ángulos de cabeza y tronco con respecto al centro de gravedad. Resultados: Se estableció una correlación lineal positiva de carácter fuerte, pues cuando menor fue el ángulo del brazo para apuntar al blanco mayor fue la estatura del sujeto (r= 0,894) en el eje X, y una correlación positiva moderada (r= 0,324) en el eje Y. En la comparación de las variables biomecánicas entre sexos solo evidenció diferencias significativas en el indicador puntaje (p= 0,006), aunque existieron variaciones en los rangos promedios a tener en cuenta para el análisis integral del rendimiento técnico en ambos sexos. Conclusiones: Al tener el rendimiento deportivo un carácter multifactorial, se consideró tener presente las potencialidades evidenciadas en el presente estudio y en otros trabajos consultados para perfeccionar la efectividad del tirador según las características individuales y del sexo estudiado(AU)

Introduction: Pistol shooting is a sport where the technical component is essential in high sporting performance. Therefore, biomechanical studies make it possible to determine the scope and limitations of motor movement in order to enhance the shot effectiveness. Objective: To compare some biomechanical indicators for pistol shooting technique in both sexes' athletes into Pichincha, taking into account physical characteristics and results obtained in various competitions. Methods: Eleven pistol-shooting athletes (4 women and 7 men) were studied through a technical analysis of postural aspect and movements made in shot execution. The movements were analyzed with Kinovea program, studying the variables initial and final opening angles of arm, gravity center & head and trunk angles with respect to gravity center. Results: A positive linear correlation of strong character was established, because the smaller arm angle to target the greater the subject height (r = 0,894) on X axis, and a moderate positive correlation (r = 0,324) in Y axis. The comparison of biomechanical variables between sexes only showed significant differences in score indicator (p = 0.006), although there were variations in average ranges to be taken into account for comprehensive analysis in technical performance to both sexes. Conclusions: Given that sports performance has a multifactorial character, it was considered to take into account the potentials achieved in this study and other studies consulted, to improve the shooter effectiveness to according individual characteristics and sex studied(AU)

Assessing Lead, Nickel, and Zinc Pollution in Topsoil from a Historic Shooting Range Rehabilitated into a Public Urban Park.

Soil contamination is a persistent problem in the world. The redevelopment of a site with a historical deposition of metals might conceal the threat of remaining pollution, especially when the site has become a public place. In this study, human health risk assessment is performed after defining the concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Zn in the topsoil of a former shooting range rehabilitated into a public park in the Municipality of Kesariani (Athens, Greece). A methodology that uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, 13 samples), another that uses portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) following a dense sample design (91 samples), and a hybrid approach that combines both, were used to obtain the concentrations of the trace elements. The enrichment factor and geoacummulation index were calculated to define the degree of pollution of the site. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indicators were also computed to find the risk to which the population is exposed. The present study reveals high non-carcinogenic health risk due to Pb pollution with ingestion as the main exposure pathway. The carcinogenic risk for Pb is within tolerable limits, but the definition of land use might alter such a statement. Lastly, regarding Ni and Zn, the site is unpolluted and there is insignificant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

“Morri para inspirar vocês”: uma análise das narrativas em disputa perpetradas por jovens homicidas/suicidas em ambientes escolares / “I died to inspire you”: an analysis of the narratives in dispute perpetrated by school shooters / “Morí para inspirarte”: un análisis de las narrativas en disputa perpetradas por jóvenes homicidas/suicidas en el ámbito escolar

Este artigo analisa crimes de homicídio/suicídio cometidos por jovens na circunscrição de instituições de ensino. Nosso foco são os perpetradores que buscam o desenvolvimento de produtos comunicacionais, a partir de linguagens diversas, com o intuito de subsidiar o trabalho de apuração da mídia e, assim, disputar com esta, após a sua morte, o direito de significar midiaticamente. Os jovens homicidas/suicidas se convertem em autores dos delitos e dos discursos na medida em que pretendem fazer resistir suas memórias já na condição de indivíduos mortos. Tal estratégia evidencia um paradoxo: em tempos de grandes investimentos em intervenções que visam à prorrogação da vida, os indivíduos infames utilizam a potência indomesticável da morte para forjar um tipo de existência que passa, necessariamente, pela imagem midiatizada do crime e pelo auto aniquilamento biológico. Este fenômeno é analisado a partir dos crimes de Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen e Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.

This paper discusses the crimes of murder/suicide committed by young people within the space ofeducational institutions. Our corpus analysis is restricted to a specific type of perpetrator that seeks the development of communication products, using different styles, in order to support the journalistic work of inquiry about their crimes and, thus be able to intervenes and competes with the media for the right to represent and signify themselves, even after their deaths. This young people become authors of the crimes and discourses insofar as they intend to keep their memories alive. Such strategy evidences a paradox: in times of major investment in interventions that target the extension of life, they use the untamable power of death to forge a kind of existence that necessarily involves the media image and biological self-annihilation.This phenomenon will be analyzed from the crimes of Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen and Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.

Este artículo analiza los delitos de homicidio/suicidio cometido por jóvenes en instituciones educativas. Nos centramos en los perpetradores que desarrollan productos de comunicación con el fin de subsidiar el trabajo de investigación que hacen los periódicos. Los jóvenes homicidas/suicidas se convierten en autores de crímenes y de discursos en la medida en que tienen la intención de preservar sus memorias.Esta estrategia presenta una paradoja: en tiempos de grandes inversiones en intervenciones dirigidasa la extensión de la vida, los individuos infames utilizan el poder indomable de la muerte para forjar un tipo de existencia que implica necesariamente la imagen mediática del crimen y la auto aniquilación biológica. Este fenómeno será analizado desde los crímenes de Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen y Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.

A review on the basketball jump shot.

The ability to shoot an effective jump shot in the sport of basketball is critical to a player's success. In an attempt to better understand the aspects related to expert performance, researchers have investigated successful free throws and jump shots of various basketball players and identified movement variables that contribute to their success. The purpose of this study was to complete a systematic review of the scientific literature on the basketball free throw and jump shot for the purpose of revealing the critical components of shooting that coaches, teachers, and players should focus on when teaching, learning, practising, and performing a jump shot. The results of this review are presented in three sections: (a) variables that affect ball trajectory, (b) phases of the jump shot, and

O tiro de guerra 19 Rio Branco: apontamentos acerca da institucionalização esportiva de Curitiba (1909-1910) / Tiro de guerra 19 Rio Branco: notes about the sports institutionalization in Curitiba (1909-1910)

O presente artigo busca realizar apontamentos acerca da institucionalização esportiva ocorrida na cidade Curitiba, tendo como foco central o denominado "Tiro de Guerra 19 Rio Branco". A principal fonte de pesquisa foi o periódico "Diário da Tarde" e foram selecionadas todas as edições entre junho de 1909 e outubro de 1910. Conclui-se que este processo foi fomentado pela militarização social que passava o Brasil nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX. Afinal era preciso nacionalizar a mocidade brasileira ainda mais numa cidade como Curitiba, que se tratava de uma urbanidade muito marcada pela figura do imigrante europeu

This article aims to make notes about the sports institutionalization held in Curitiba city, focusing on the called "Tiro de Guerra 19 Rio Branco". The main source was the research journal "Daily Afternoon" and were selected all editions between June 1909 and October 1910. It is concluded that this process was constituted by the social militarization that happened in Brazil during the first two decades of the twentieth century. After all it was necessary to nationalize Brazilian youth, mainly in a city like Curitiba, which was an urbanity marked by the figure of the European immigrant

The relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy of professional basketball players

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among physical fitness of professional Bosnian basketball players (n = 38) and shooting accuracy during one basketball season. A related, secondary aim was to examine relationships between basketball shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. Physical fitness components included: muscular endurance and aerobic endurance, lower and upper-body power, speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and anaerobic power. The specific basketball shooting accuracy was assessed by stationary and dynamic shooting assessments. Competitive shooting accuracy was represented by data collected during one basketball season for each player (free throw, field goal, and three-point %). Results of the regression analyses showed that there were significant positive relationships among shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. The relationship was stronger when the dynamic shooting tests were applied compared to the stationary tests. However, few or weak relationships existed among physical fitness components and competitive shooting accuracy. Only the power tests showed to be good predictors for shooting over longer distances. The findings support the inclusion of the dynamic basketball shooting accuracy tests in regular basketball assessment procedures as a valuable testing instrument.

"A relação entre aptidão física e precisão de arremesso dos jogadores profissionais de basquetebol." O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a relação entre a condição física de basquetebolistas profissionais bósnios (n=38) na precisão de arremesso no decorrer de uma temporada competitiva. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se verificar a relação entre a avaliação específica e a precisão de arremessos durante os jogos. As variáveis de condição física foram as seguintes: resistência de força, resistência aeróbia, potência dos membros inferiores e superiores, velocidade, agilidade, capacidade e potência anaeróbia. A avaliação específica do arremesso foi testada através da utilização de arremessos estáticos e dinâmicos. A precisão dos arremessos durante os jogos foi realizada no decorrer da temporada competitiva mediante análise das seguintes variáveis: lance-livre, arremessos de quadra, e percentagem de arremessos de três pontos. As análises de regressão indicaram a existência de uma relação positiva entre as avaliações específicas dos arremessos e a precisão durante os jogos, a qual foi mais forte nas situações de arremessos dinâmicos comparados aos estáticos. Contudo, as relações existentes entre as variáveis de condição física e a precisão de arremesso durante os jogos foram menores e pouco significativas. Apenas os testes de potência mostraram ser bons preditores para os arremessos efetuados a longas distâncias. Os resultados obtidos apoiam a inclusão de testes de avaliação da precisão de arremessosrealizados de forma dinâmica em procedimentos regulares de avaliação no basquetebol, constituindo-se como instrumentos valiosos para ocontrole do rendimento.

"La relación entre la aptitud física y precisión de tiro de los jugadores profesionales de baloncesto." El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación entre la condición física de los jugadores profesionales de baloncesto de Bosnia (n=38) y la precisión de tiro durante una temporada de baloncesto. Paralelamente, el objetivo secundario fue examinar las relaciones entre las evaluaciones de lanzamiento de baloncesto y la precisión de tiro durante el partido. Los componentes de la aptitud física incluían: la resistencia muscular y la resistencia aeróbica, la potencia de los miembros inferiores y superiores del cuerpo, la velocidad, la agilidad, la capacidad anaeróbica y la potencia anaeróbica. La precisión específica de tiro de baloncesto se evaluó mediante lanzamiento estático y evaluaciones de tiro en movimiento. La precisión de tiro en competición estuvo representada por los datos recogidos durante una temporada de baloncesto para cada jugador (tiro libre, tiro de campo y triple %). Posteriores análisis de los resultados mostraron que había una significativa relación positiva entre las evaluaciones de tiro y la precisión de tiro durante el partido. La relación era más fuerte cuando las pruebas de tiro en movimiento se compararon con las pruebas de tiro estático. Sin embargo, existían pocas o débiles relaciones entre los componentes de la aptitud física y la precisión de tiro en competición. Sólo las pruebas de potencia mostraron ser buenas predictoras para lanzamientos de mayor distancia. Los resultados apoyan la inclusión de los entrenamientos de precisión de tiro en movimiento en los procedimientos habituales de evaluación de baloncesto, como un valioso instrumento de prueba.

Modified Taylor series method for solving nonlinear differential equations with mixed boundary conditions defined on finite intervals.

ABSTRACT: In this article, we propose the application of a modified Taylor series method (MTSM) for the approximation of nonlinear problems described on finite intervals. The issue of Taylor series method with mixed boundary conditions is circumvented using shooting constants and extra derivatives of the problem. In order to show the benefits of this proposal, three different kinds of problems are solved: three-point boundary valued problem (BVP) of third-order with a hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, two-point BVP for a second-order nonlinear differential equation with an exponential nonlinearity, and a two-point BVP for a third-order nonlinear differential equation with a radical nonlinearity. The result shows that the MTSM method is capable to generate easily computable and highly accurate approximations for nonlinear equations. AMS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 34L30.

As sociedades de damas atiradoras: pelos caminhos da prática do tiro ao alvo em Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul / The shooting ladies´ association: by the paths of the shooting practice in Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul

A prática do tiro ao alvo chegou ao Rio Grande do Sul no século XIX com os imigrantes alemães. Na década de 1860 foi fundada a primeira associação de tiro no Estado pela iniciativa de um grupo de homens. A questão norteadora desta pesquisa histórico-cultural é como sucedeu a emergência, a ascensão e as conformações das sociedades de damas atiradoras na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul na primeira metade do século XX. As fontes históricas revelaram que as mulheres passaram a praticar o tiro em associações próprias denominadas de "sociedade de damas", a partir de 1900 em Santa Cruz do Sul, quando fundaram a sociedade pioneira no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

The practice of shooting appeared in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in the 19th century with german immigrants. In 1860 was founded the first shooting association in the state by the initiative of a group of men. The main question of this cultural-historical research is how succeeded the emergency, the ascension and the conformations of the ladies society of shooters in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul in the first half of the twentieth century. Historical sources reveal that women started to practice shooting in own associations called "ladies' association," from 1900 in Santa Cruz do Sul, when they founded the pioneering association in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Construção e validação de um instrumento de análise qualitativa do arremesso (lance-livre) do basquetebol / Development and validation of an instrument to assess movement quality of the basketball free throw shooting

Quando o profissional da área de Educação Física está ensinando uma habilidade motora, ele procura avaliar o movimento realizado pelo aluno e reflete sobre quais intervenções poderiam ser feitas naquele momento. No entanto, muitas vezes, o professor não dispõe de recursos que possam auxiliá-lo no processo de avaliação do movimento a ser aprendido pelo aluno. O processo de aquisição habilidades motoras poderia ser facilitado se o professor dispusesse nesse momento de um instrumento que identificasse o erro(s) cometido(s), bem como, qual seria a informação prioritária a ser fornecida ao aprendiz. Portanto, como a literatura especializada apresenta escassez no que diz respeito a esse tipo de ferramenta, o objetivo do presente estudo foi construir, validar e testar a objetividade e fidedignidade de um instrumento (checklist) que avalia a qualidade do arremesso do basquetebol (lance livre). O checklist da habilidade foi desenvolvido e avaliado por especialistas da modalidade esportiva e, posteriormente, o checklist foi utilizado para analisar 10 arremessos (vídeo editado) de quatro indivíduos em diferentes fases de aprendizagem da habilidade. Os resultados foram organizados em função do erro crítico e somatória de erros verificados pelos especialistas em duas ocasiões com uma semana de intervalo. Contrastando as avaliações do mesmo avaliador e entre avaliadores, em ambas as medidas, observou-se um nível de erro médio de 16,9%. Concluiu-se, portanto que o checklist proposto no presente estudo é um instrumento de avaliação do lance livre consistente e, nesse sentido, pode auxiliar professores e técnicos na análise qualitativa do arremesso. Além disso, esse instrumento de avaliação permite fazer inferências sobre o processo de aprendizagem de indivíduos nessa habilidade.

When a physical activity professional is teaching a motor skill, he evaluates the movement's learner and considers which interventions could be done at the moment. However, many times the instructor does not have such resources which could help him/her to evaluate the learner movement. The skill acquisition process could be facilitated if instructors could have an instrument that identifies errors, prioritizing information to be given to the learner. Considering that the specialized literature presents a lack of information about such tool, the purpose of this study was to develop, and to determine the objectivity and reliability of an instrument to assess the movement quality of the basketball free throw shooting. The checklist was developed and evaluated by basketball experts. Additionally, the checklist was used to assess 10 trials (edited video) from four individuals in different learning stages. Data were organized by the critical error and the error sum appointed by the experts in two different occasions (one week interval). Contrasting both evaluations, and also, contrasting different experts assessments, in sum and critical error, it was observed an average error of 16.9%. It was concluded that the checklist to assess the basketball free throw is reliable, and could help instructors to make a qualitative analysis. Moreover, the checklist may allow instructors to make assumptions on the motor learning process.

Increased distance of shooting on basketball jump shot.

The present study analyzed the effect of increased distance on basketball jump shot outcome and performance. Ten male expert basketball players were filmed and a number of kinematic variables analyzed during jump shot that were performed from three conditions to represent close, intermediate and far distances (2.8, 4.6, and 6.4m, respectively). Shot accuracy decreased from 59% (close) to 37% (far), in function of the task constraints (p < 0.05). Ball release height decreased (p < 0.05) from 2.46 m (close) to 2.38m (intermediate) and to 2.33m (long). Release angle also decreased (p < 0.05) when shot was performed from close (78.92°) in comparison to intermediate distances (65.60°). While, ball release velocity increased (p < 0.05) from 4.39 m/s (close) to 5.75 m·s(-1) (intermediate) to 6.89 m·s(-1) (far). These changes in ball release height, angle and velocity, related to movement performance adaptations were suggested as the main factors that influence jump shot accuracy when distance is augmented. Key pointsThe increased distance leads to greater spatial con-straint over shot movement that demands an adapta-tion of the movement for the regulation of the accu-racy and the impulse generation to release the ball.The reduction in balls release height and release angle, in addition to the increase in balls release ve-locity, were suggested as the main factors that de-creased shot accuracy with the distance increased.Players should look for release angles of shooting that provide an optimal balls release velocity to im-prove accuracy.

De columbine à virgínia tech: reflexões com base empírica sobre um fenômeno em expansão / From columbine to virgínia tech: empirical based reflections about an expanding phenomenon

O fenômeno conhecido como school shooting vem chamando a atenção do mundo, principalmente após a tragédia na Columbine High School, na cidade de Littleton, Colorado, nos Estados Unidos, em 1999. Posteriormente, em abril de 2007, o estudante Cho Seung-Hui protagonizou um massacre de proporções ainda maiores ao atirar contra estudantes do Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, matando 32 pessoas e se suicidando ao final. O presente artigo reflete sobre o fenômeno chamando a atenção para a sua expansão pelo mundo e traz uma reflexão, baseada em dados empíricos, sobre o desenvolvimento dos protagonistas dos massacres em seus contextos sociais, incluindo o ambiente familiar, a mídia e interações entre colegas nas escolas e universidades.

School shooting phenomenon has attracted attention throughout the world, especially after the Columbine massacre in April, 1999. In that event, 12 people died and about 30 were hurt. Some years later, in April 2007, Cho Seung-Hui carried out an even more impressive deed, shooting and killing 32 people at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA. This article presents school shooting as a growing phenomenon that may happen anywhere and not just in the United States. A reflection based on empirical research is presented focusing the development of school shooters in their social contexts, including home environment, media influence, and inter-students interactions in High Schools and universities.

Alpha absolute power: motor learning of practical pistol shooting / Potência absoluta de alfa: aprendizagem motora do tiro prático de pistola

The present study aimed at investigating changes in behavior (shooting precision) and electrophysiological variables (absolute alpha power) during the motor learning of practical pistol shooting. The sample was composed of 23 healthy subjects, right-handed, male, between 18 and 20 years of age. The task consisted of four learning blocks. A One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and a post hoc analysis were employed to observe modifications on behavioral and electrophysiological measures (p<0.05). The results showed significative differences between blocks according to motor learning, and a significant improvement in shooting's accuracy from both blocks. It was observed a decrease in alpha power in all electrodes examined during task execution when compared with baseline and learning control blocks. The findings suggest that alpha power decreases as the function of the motor learning task when subjects are engaged in the motor execution.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar alterações nas variáveis comportamentais (precisão do tiro) e eletrofisiológicas (potência absoluta de alfa) durante o aprendizado motor do tiro prático de pistola. A amostra constituiu-se de 20 sujeitos saudáveis, destros, sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 18 e 20 anos. A tarefa consistiu de quatro blocos de aprendizagem. A análise estatística das variáveis comportamentais e eletrofisiológicas foram realizadas por meio de uma ANOVA one-way e uma análise post hoc (p<0,05). Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os blocos em função do aprendizado motor, bem como uma sensível melhora na precisão do tiro de ambos os blocos. Foi observada uma diminuição na potência de alfa em todos os eletrodos analisados durante a execução da tarefa, quando comparados aos blocos de linha de base e controle da aprendizagem. Os achados sugerem que a potência em alfa diminui devido o aprendizado motor quando sujeitos estão engajados na execução de uma tarefa motora complexa.