Emerging Lipids from Arecaceae Palm Fruits in Brazil.

Arecaceae palm tree fruits (APTFs) with pulp or kernel rich in oil are widely distributed in six Brazilian biomes. APTFs represent a great potential for the sustainable exploitation of products with high added value, but few literature studies have reported their properties and industrial applications. The lack of information leads to underutilization, low consumption, commercialization, and processing of these fruit species. This review presents and discusses the occurrence of 13 APTFs and the composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and potential applications of their 25 oils and fats. The reported studies showed that the species present different lipid profiles. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated a correlation between the composition of pulp and kernel oils. Myristic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids are the main saturated fatty acids, while oleic acid is the main unsaturated. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds are the main bioactive compounds in APTFs, contributing to their high oxidative stability. The APTFs oils have a potential for use as foods and ingredients in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. However, more studies are still necessary to better understand and exploit these species.

Encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in São Paulo state, Brazil: evaluation of identity (fatty acid profile) and compliance of fatty acids and vitamin E contents with nutrition labeling / Óleos especiais encapsulados comercializados no estado de São Paulo, Brasil: avaliação da identidade(perfil de ácidos graxos) e da adequação do conteúdo de ácidos graxos e vitamina E da informação nutricional

Encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in São Paulo state, Brazil, were evaluated for their identity (fatty acids profile) and compliancewith nutrition labeling (fatty acids and Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) contents). Twenty one samples [flaxseed oil (6), evening primrose (5),safflower (8), borage (1), and black currant (1)] purchased from local markets or collected by the health surveillance agency were analyzed.The fatty acids and vitamin E contents were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and liquid chromatography withUV detector, respectively. Nine samples were adulterated (5 samples of safflower oil, 3 of flaxseed oil, and one of evening primrose). Amongthem, 3 flaxseed and 2 safflower oil samples were probably adulterated by the addition of soybean oil. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) wasfound in two safflower oils samples although the sale of oils with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is not permitted by the National HealthSurveillance Agency in Brazil (ANVISA). Only two samples presented all values in compliance with nutrition labeling (one safflower oilsample and one borage oil sample). The results show that a continuous monitoring of encapsulated specialty oils commercialized in Brazil isnecessary including a greater number of samples and sanitary surveillance.

Óleos especiais em cápsulas, comercializados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foram avaliados quanto à identidade, pelo perfil de ácidos graxos, e à conformidade das informações declaradas na rotulagem nutricional (conteúdo de ácidos graxos e vitamina E, alfa tocoferol). Foram analisadas 21 amostras [linhaça (6), prímula (5), cártamo (8), borage (1) e groselhas negras (1)], adquiridas no comércio ou colhidas pela vigilância sanitária. Os ácidos graxos e a vitamina E foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e cromatografia líquida com detector UV, respectivamente. Nove amostras estavam adulteradas (5 de cártamo, 3 de linhaça e uma de prímula). Entre as adulteradas, 3 de linhaça e 2 de cártamo tinham, provavelmente, adição de óleo de soja. Ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) foi encontrado em duas amostras denominadas de óleo de cártamo, apesar da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) não autorizar a venda de óleos contendo CLA no Brasil. Somente duas amostras apresentaram todos os componentes analisados de acordo com o declarado na rotulagem (uma de óleo de linhaça e outra de borage). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de um monitoramento contínuo dos óleos especiais encapsulados comercializados no Brasil, incluindo um número maior de amostras e em conjunto com a vigilância sanitária.