Psychological resilience and related factors among primary care workers in Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Primary medical workers constitute a high-risk group for mental health problems, and psychological resilience might protect them from the negative psychological impacts of their work. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the current situation of psychological resilience among primary care workers in Wuhan, China, as well as related factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 417 primary care workers (30.0 % men; 38.5 ± 8.5 years old) were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire. The brief version of the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used to assess participants' mental health literacy and psychological resilience, respectively. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the psychological resilience of primary care workers. Results: More than four-fifths of the primary care workers included in this study exhibited appropriate levels of mental health knowledge. In terms of mental health skills, participants' attainment rates, ranging from high to low, were 60.9 % for distracting attention, 45.3 % for interpersonal support and 43.9 % for cognitive reappraisal. The average psychological resilience score obtained by primary care workers was 27.81 ± 5.71, and the factors associated with increased psychological resilience included being male, being older, and possessing higher mental health skills, including skills pertaining to interpersonal support and distracting attention. Conclusion: The psychological resilience of primary care workers in Wuhan is at a moderate level and thus requires further improvement. Although these medical staff exhibit appropriate levels of mental health knowledge, their mental health skills are relatively poor, despite the fact that interpersonal support and distracting attention are significantly associated with psychological resilience. Hence, interventions targeting mental health skills are recommended to promote psychological resilience among primary care workers.

The Impact of College Students' Academic Stress on Student Satisfaction from a Typological Perspective: A Latent Profile Analysis Based on Academic Self-Efficacy and Positive Coping Strategies for Stress.

This investigation employs Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to analyze data from 1298 Chinese university students, aiming to clarify the mechanisms through which individual psychological resources, primarily academic self-efficacy and positive coping strategies, affect student satisfaction in the context of academic stress. Four distinct profiles emerged based on levels of academic self-efficacy and positive coping strategies: Low-Spirited, General Copers, Capable but Passive, and Optimistic and Confident. These profiles demonstrate significant variances in the sources of academic stress, student engagement, and student satisfaction, with a ranking order from most to least satisfied as follows: Optimistic and Confident, Capable but Passive, General Copers, and Low-spirited. While academic stress uniformly augments engagement across all profiles, its effect on student satisfaction diverges-negatively for Low-spirited and General Copers, and positively for Capable but Passive and Optimistic and Confident. The analysis reveals varying levels of academic stress-tolerance among profiles, highlighting the critical role of academic self-efficacy and indicating a possible nonlinear relationship between student engagement and satisfaction. These findings enhance our comprehension of student satisfaction's intricate dynamics and suggest strategies to alleviate academic stress and improve psychological well-being.

Sleep quality, coping, and related depression: A cross-sectional study of Turkish nurses.

BACKGROUND: The sleep quality of nurses affects both their health and standard of nursing care. Working conditions, depression, and coping potential can also lead to sleep problems. INTRODUCTION: Sleep plays a crucial role in overall health at every stage of life. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of sleep quality, depression, and coping mechanisms on the performance of nurses, whose sleep quality is strongly affected due to shift-based work. METHODS: The sample of this descriptive correlational study consisted of 133 healthcare workers. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Coping Response Inventory (CRI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and evaluated using the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, Enter method, and linear regression. FINDINGS: One in three nurses reported having poor-quality sleep, and one in two nurses said they felt sleepy during the day. With declining sleep quality, the nurses' ability to cope with stress diminished, and their degree of depression increased. DISCUSSION: The nurses' financial situation and level of depression were key factors that influenced their quality of sleep and capacity to handle stress. To improve nurses' sleep, the shift pattern needs to change. CONCLUSION: To increase the quantity of sleep and enhance mental health, changes should be made to the shift schedules of nurses to allow for appropriate rest and reduce daytime sleepiness. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE AND POLICIES: Improved working conditions for nurses and updated nursing standards are required to improve nurses health and wellbeng.

Investigating the Relationship between the Attitude Towards Infertility and Stress Coping Strategies among Couples undergoing Assisted Reproduction Treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Infertility and its treatment methods among couples have psychological and social consequences. To encounter these consequences, coping strategies are commonly used, which are influenced by various factors, such as the attitude of couples toward infertility. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the relationship between attitudes toward infertility and stress-coping strategies among couples undergoing Assisted Reproduction Treatment, referring to the infertility clinic of Al-Zahra Educational Center. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 153 couples referred to Al-Zahra Infertility Clinic in Rasht. Three instruments (demographic questionnaire, attitude, and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire) were used with regard to the inclusion restrictions. RESULTS: Between the two variables of individual and social information factors and the attitude of couples toward infertility, only the duration of infertility factor revealed a significant relationship (p <0.05); and in explaining the relationship between individual and social variables and coping strategies, the lack of insurance in both genders with an emotion-oriented strategy, the female infertility factor in women with the confrontational adjustment domain, and treatment in a discontinuous way in both genders have a significant relationship with the problem-oriented domain (p <0.05). Accountability and problem-solving strategies in women and an escapeavoidance strategy in infertile men have been identified as the most important predictors of attitude toward infertility. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between attitudes toward infertility and coping strategies. However, the impact of community culture on the type of coping strategies used in this study has led to different results in some cases from other studies.

Attachment styles, coping with stress, and social support among cancer patients.

Introduction: This paper presents the role of attachment style in determining an individual's way of coping with stress, which in turn helps to understand the differences in response and adjustment to cancer among cancer patients. Cancer is an illness that causes overwhelming distress, and dealing with it requires social support, among other coping strategies. Material and methods: Studies show that social support is associated with a decrease in psychological symptoms and a better quality of life in cancer patients. According to attachment theory, one's perception of threat, way of signaling distress, and strategies of coping with it, with special consideration for the ability to use a partner's support, relies on differences in avoidance and anxiety (attachment style dimensions). Results: People with high avoidance (associated with deactivating attachment strategy) tend not to seek support from others and rely on themselves. Conclusions: People with high anxiety (associated with deactivating attachment strategy) tend to display strong emotional responses, permanently seek attention and support from others, and yet are less able to feel comforted by them.

Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Sex on Stress Coping Strategies in Individuals with Depressive Disorder.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is related to depression and contributes to reduced life expectancy in individuals with mental disorders. Stress coping strategies are important factors in the development and maintenance of depressive disorders and have been related to metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the use of positive (re- and devaluation, distraction, and control) and negative stress coping strategies in relation to patients' MetS. A sample of 363 individuals (n female = 204, n male = 159) with a diagnosis of depression was measured with the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, we collected data on MetS (waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, fasting glucose/diabetes, blood pressure/hypertonia) according to the International Diabetes Federation. A 2 × 2 design including Mets (with vs. without) and sex (female vs. male) was performed to test for differences in stress coping strategies. Individuals with depression and MetS scored higher on distraction strategies than depressed individuals without MetS (p < 0.01, corrected with false discovery rate). In addition, we found sex differences in stress coping strategies indicating that women with depression scored higher on distraction strategies (p < 0.001, FDR corrected), as well as negative strategies (p < 0.001, FDR corrected), than men. No significant interaction between MetS and sex was found regarding the higher value of stress coping strategies. Findings suggest that individuals with depression and MetS used distraction strategies to a higher amount to cope with stress, which could be stress eating in some cases, than those without MetS. Women with depressive disorders had higher values than men on other coping strategies in our sample of individuals with depression. A better understanding of MetS and sex-specific differences in stress coping strategies might help to plan more effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment options for depression.

Perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and post-traumatic-growth among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: The purpose of this research was to identify the perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and Post-Traumatic-Growth (PTG) among Iranian healthcare professionals. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was applied. METHODS: This study was conducted among 402 healthcare professionals in northwestern Iran. Participants completed demographic, perceived stress, stress coping strategies, and PTG questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the predictors of perceived stress and PTG. RESULTS: The overall score of perceived stress was calculated 30.55 (6.18). The problem-oriented strategy was the most common stress coping by healthcare professionals (52.66 (8.72)). Also, the total score of PTG was calculated at 45.72 (30.42). Perceived stress, stress coping strategies (except problem-oriented), and PTG scores were significantly different between hospital and health centres participants (p-value < 0.05). Previous experience in critical situations, crisis-related course, degree, age, department, and stress coping strategies were related to the stress level. Moreover, workplace, department, work experiences, and employment status were the predictors of PTG.

Coping with Stress During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Contribution of Self-Control Skills and Religiosity in Arab Israeli-Palestinian Students in Israel.

The reported high rates of deaths and negative psychological outcomes of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to an increased empirical interest in examining the contributing factors of coping during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents living in Arab societies have unique challenges that may increase the likelihood of exhibiting symptoms of stress during this crisis. However, this population has been understudied in this context. The current research aims to elucidate factors that may contribute to Arab Israeli-Palestinian students' coping abilities during the COVID-19 pandemic by investigating the relationship between coping with stress during the COVID-19 outbreak and both self-control and religiosity. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the relationship of coping with stress during the COVID-19 outbreak with self-control skills and religiosity among Arab Israeli-Palestinian college students in Israel (n = 465). Correlational analyses and stepwise multiple regression models were used to examine these relationships. The stepwise multiple regression model demonstrated that (1) higher levels of self-control (ß = .19, p < .01) and religiosity (ß = .16, p < .01) predicted higher levels of adaptive, problem-focused coping, and (2) higher levels of self-control (ß = -.21, p < .01) and religiosity (ß = -.17, p < .01) predicted lower levels of maladaptive, emotion-focused coping. Thus, the current research demonstrates the importance of these variables in countering stress resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak in non-Western societies. These findings are consistent with previous literature that has addressed the impact of self-control and religiosity in improving coping behaviours in Western societies.

Sex-specific Relationship Between Stress Coping Strategies and All-cause Mortality: Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Stress coping strategies are related to health outcomes. However, there is no clear evidence for sex differences between stress-coping strategies and mortality. We investigated the relationship between all-cause mortality and stress-coping strategies, focusing on sex differences among Japanese adults. METHODS: A total of 79,580 individuals aged 35-69 years participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study between 2004 and 2014 and were followed up for mortality. The frequency of use of the five coping strategies was assessed using a questionnaire. Sex-specific, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for using each coping strategy ("sometimes," and "often/very often" use versus "very few" use) were computed for all-cause mortality. Furthermore, relationships were analyzed in specific follow-up periods when the proportion assumption was violated. RESULTS: During the follow-up (median: 8.5 years), 1,861 mortalities were recorded. In women, three coping strategies were related to lower total mortality. The HRs for "sometimes" were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.97) for emotional expression, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66-0.95) for emotional support-seeking, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.66-0.98) for disengagement. Men who "sometimes" used emotional expression and sometimes or often used problem-solving and positive reappraisal had a 15-41% lower HRs for all-cause mortality. However, those relationships were dependent on the follow-up period. There was evidence that sex modified the relationships between emotional support-seeking and all-cause mortality (P for interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In a large Japanese sample, selected coping strategies were associated with all-cause mortality. The relationship of emotional support-seeking was different between men and women.

Riesgo suicida y estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en población campesina colombiana / Suicidal risk and strategies for coping with stress in Colombian rural population

Resumen Introducción: El comportamiento suicida hace referencia a las diversas conductas para dejar de vivir es un fenómeno multifactorial ampliamente estudiado en población urbana, sin embargo, la población campesina, especialmente agricultores y trabajadores agrícolas están entre los grupos de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Evaluar las relaciones entre el riesgo suicida y las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en una muestra de 76 campesinos entre los 18 y 79 años del municipio de El Santuario, Colombia, durante la emergencia sanitaria por Covid-19. Método: Para este estudio se utilizó un diseño descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal y se emplearon como instrumentos la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo Suicida -ERS- y la Escala de Estilos y Estrategias de Afrontamiento (EEEAE). Resultados: Los resultados encontrados en la Escala ERS no indicaron niveles clínicos de riesgo suicida. Y respecto a la EEEAE casi siempre los participantes usaban las estrategias de Reevaluación positiva, Apoyo social, Desconexión cognitiva y Resolver el problema. Hubo correlaciones negativas entre todas las dimensiones de la escala ERS con EEEAE, menos entre las dimensiones Depresión/Desesperanza y Aislamiento/Soporte social (ERS) con la Desconexión cognitiva (EEEAE) y especialmente la estrategia de Reevaluación Positiva tuvo un peso significativo sobre riesgo suicida. Conclusiones: La Reevaluación Positiva es una estrategia de afrontamiento que puede proteger la salud mental ante situaciones de estrés asociados con el riesgo suicida de la población campesina, los agricultores y trabajadores agrícolas.

Abstract Introduction: Suicidal behavior refers to the various behaviors to stop living, it is a multifactorial phenomenon widely studied in the urban population, however, the rural population, especially farmers and agricultural workers, are among the high-risk groups. Objective: Evaluate the relationships between suicidal risk and stress coping strategies in a sample of 76 peasants between 18 and 79 years of age from the municipality of El Santuario, Colombia during the Covid-19 health emergency. Method: For this study, a cross-sectional correlational descriptive design was used. The Suicide Risk Assessment Scale -SRAS- and the Coping Styles and Strategies Scale were used as measurement instruments (CSSS). Results: The results found in the SRAS Scale did not indicate clinical levels of suicidal risk. And regarding the EEEAE, the participants almost always used the strategies of Positive Reappraisal, Social Support, Cognitive Disconnection and Problem-Solving skills. There were negative correlations between all the dimensions of the SRAS scale with CSSS, less between the dimensions Depression/Hopelessness and Isolation/social support (SRAS) with Cognitive Disconnection (CSSS) and especially the Positive Reappraisal had a significant weight on suicidal risk. Conclusions: Positive Reappraisal is a coping strategy that can protect mental health in situations of stress associated with suicidal risk of the rural population, farmers, and agricultural workers.

Exploring Coping Strategies For Stress Management Among Undergraduate Medical Students.

BACKGROUND: College is the time where most mental health disorders are triggered. Due to an extremely strenuous curriculum, medical students are prone to develop high levels of stress. Teaching students stress management skills can be crucial for their mental and physical well being. Objectives of the study were to measure perceived stress level among undergraduate medical students of Year 5 using PSS Scale, and to explore if students find stress management activities helpful in reducing stress. METHODS: It was a quasi experimental study.5th year medical students were asked to take part in a full day workshop regarding stress management. During the day they were introduced to different stress management activities. Stress levels were measured using PSS before the workshop and 1 month after the workshop. RESULTS: On the PSS 1, 17.9% participants scored in the low stress category, 61.1% participants scored in the moderate stress category and 21.1% scored in the high stress category. On the PSS 2, 11.6% participants scored in the low Stress category, 76.8% participants scored in the moderate stress category and 11.6% scored in the high stress category. Pre and post intervention PSS stress results were statistically significant, p< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the final year students had moderate stress. Training undergraduate medical students in integrated stress relieving activities can help lower their perceived stress.

Assessment of the Emotional State of Parents of Children Starting the Vojta Therapy in the Context of the Physical Activity-A Pilot Study.

The aim of the study was to assess the emotional state of parents at the moment of starting therapy for their children using the Vojta method in the context of the physical activity undertaken by the parents. The study involved 68 parents (37 mothers and 31 fathers) of children with central coordination disorders (CCD) presenting for consultation and therapy using the Vojta method. The authors' questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Inventory to Measure Coping Strategies with Stress (Mini-COPE) were used. As many as 84% of mothers and 77% of fathers presented high level of perceived stress. Comparative analysis showed a statistically significant difference in anxiety and life satisfaction between the groups of mothers and fathers studied. Taking declared physical activity into account, there was a statistically significant difference in stress and anxiety in the mothers' group and a statistically significant difference in mood and life satisfaction in the fathers' group. Promoting physical activity among parents of children with CCD can be helpful in maintaining better psycho-physical conditions and can also be a good tool in combating stress in difficult situations, such as the illness and therapy of a child.

Mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavioral therapy: Is it effective on stress coping strategies in women with multiple sclerosis?

Background: Patients with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer more from psychiatric consequences than others, and their quality of life may be drastically affected, causing syndromes like depression and anxiety. Mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (Mi-CBT) seems to improve stress coping strategies in chronically ill patients, but its effectiveness has been little studied in MS. So, in this study, we aimed to assess its effectiveness on stress coping strategies in women suffering from MS in Mazandaran province, Iran. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we selected 40 women with MS who had been referred to a neurologist in Mazandaran province, Iran during the year 2016 by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the Mi-CBT and control group with a one-to-one ratio. Patients in the intervention group were under treatment for eight 120-minutes session, while the control group only stayed on the waiting list. After obtaining the ethics committee's approval (IR.IAU.CHALUS.REC.1397.018) and patient's informed consent, both groups underwent a pre-test assessment with a stress status questionnaire developed by Endler and Parker in 1988. The same assessment was done for both groups two times more, one after compilation of all sessions, and one 45 days later. Repeated measures analysis of variance was done using SPSS Version 24 software. Results: There was a difference between intervention and the control group for avoidance-oriented, and problem-oriented stress coping strategies (p<0.01), but there was not a significant difference for emotion-oriented strategy between groups (P=0.22). Conclusion: MiCBT is effective in improving stress coping strategies in women with MS, and overall mental health.

The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States.

We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.

The impact of stress management training on stress-related coping strategies and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Dialysis causes many psychological and social problems, such as stress and inefficiency in patients, which should be considered in health promotion interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of stress management training on stress coping strategies and the self-efficacy of these patients in southeastern Iran. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on hemodialysis patients from December 2019 to January 2020. Patients who met inclusion criteria were selected with the convenience sampling method and divided into the two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) by using the block randomization method. Participants in the intervention group were trained in a stress management training program in 8 one-and-a-half-hour sessions, held twice a week. Data were measured with stress coping strategies and general self-efficacy questionnaires before, immediately, and 1 month after the intervention. SPSS18 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The study results showed that the scores of stress coping strategies and the self-efficacy score in all their dimensions were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study results showed that stress management training programs promoted stress coping strategies and self-efficacy in hemodialysis patients. Health planners and nurses are recommended to use these easy, feasible, and inexpensive interventions to reduce stress and increase self-efficacy. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20160914029817N10. Date of registration: October 7, 2021. URL: https://en.irct.ir/trial/58540 . Registration timing: a retrospective.

Nicotine preference and affective behavior of Cd81 knockout mice.

RATIONALE: Cd81 -/- (knockout) mice have previously been reported to have reduced cocaine preference and increased striatal dopamine content and dopamine turnover, but normal learning and memory in the Morris water maze. The effects of Cd81 on other behaviors and drugs of abuse have not been investigated. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We measured the effects of Cd81 -/- in a modified two-bottle choice test for nicotine, as well as in somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal, four tests of affective behavior, and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression assays. RESULTS: We found that Cd81 loss-of-function significantly increased voluntary nicotine consumption and somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine consumption of Cd81 -/- female mice increased for 3 weeks and then remained relatively stable for the next 5 weeks, suggesting that their nicotine consumption continued to be limited by aversion to higher nicotine doses. Cd81 -/- also produced a dramatic and significant increase in struggling in the forced swim test and a significant increase in the time spent in the light chamber of the light/dark box. The elevated plus maze and the tail suspension test did not show a main effect of genotype. Therefore, we conclude that Cd81 did not have an overall effect on anxiety- or depression-like behavior. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Cd81 knockouts have a strongly increased nicotine preference, plus a proactive response to specific stressful situations. Together with reports of increased striatal dopamine content and anecdotal reports of increased aggressiveness, these provide intriguing parallels to some aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Posttraumatic Growth in Postlingually Deaf Patients With Cochlear Implants: The Effect of Stress-Coping Strategies, Sociodemographics, and Deafness-Related Factors.

The aim of this study was to assess whether cochlear implant (CI) users who had been postlingually deaf developed a more positive outlook on life-the so-called posttraumatic growth (PTG)-as a result of their disability and to examine how PTG related to their stress-coping strategies and personal circumstances. The study group consisted of 119 postlingually deaf CI users. The participants were asked to anonymously fill in several questionnaires: the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE), and a form asking for personal details and factors related to their deafness and CI use. The PTG of postlingually deaf CI users was similar to that found in people with other severe health problems. The time that had elapsed since the hearing was lost and the time from receiving a CI were positively correlated with PTG. The level of PTG was correlated with the particular coping strategies used and differed between men and women. We found that the development of PTG could emerge from both approach-oriented coping strategies (e.g., active coping and planning) and avoidance-oriented coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-distraction, and self-blame). Paradoxically, the avoidance strategies could play a positive role in the development of PTG. This reinforces the idea, previously raised in the PTG literature, that such strategies exert a defensive and protective function-an "illusory" side of PTG-which operates together with the positive constructive side, and both help develop the sense of well-being of a person.

Impact of the Stress Status of Employees on the Enterprise Technology Management Cost Through Matter-Element Analysis Under Psychological Health Education.

In this study, in order to analyze the stress sources and stress-coping strategies of employees in construction enterprises, to explore the influencing factors of enterprise technical management cost, and to offer suggestions for mental health education of employees, 372 employees of Shandong Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd. were selected for a questionnaire survey. The influences of stress sources and stress-coping strategies on the mental health of employees were compared, based on different demographic variables. The evaluation model was constructed using the matter-element analysis to rank the factors influencing the enterprise technology management cost. The results showed that the stress value of work characteristics was the highest (4.26 ± 0.511), followed by the organizational structure and atmosphere (4.15 ± 0.382); stress-coping strategies at the individual level (1.84 ± 0.315) scored higher than that at the organizational level (1.67 ± 0.248) (P < 0.05). Notable differences were observed in balance between work and family between males and females (P < 0.05); in work characteristics, role orientation, personal relationship, and balance between work and family between subjects of different ages (P < 0.05); in work characteristics, and balance between work and family between the married and the unmarried (P < 0.05); and in role stress and work characteristics between subjects in different positions (P < 0.05). The evaluation results revealed that the factors influencing the technology management cost of enterprises included price index, development cost, fixed investment proportion, power equipment rate, mechanical artificial intelligence, labor cost, rate of technical equipment, the output value, informatization of technology management, and national policy. In conclusion, the two major sources of stress for employees in Luoyang Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd. were as follows: (1) work characteristics and (2) organizational structure and atmosphere. Besides, many employees adopted the stress-coping strategies at the individual level, and enterprises needed to strengthen the psychological health education for employees at the organizational level. In practice, the enterprise needed to add importance to the development of mechanical artificial intelligence, informatization of technology management, and national policy.

Sense of coherence and strategies for coping with stress among nurses.

BACKGROUND: The nursing profession is associated with constant presence of difficult situations and stress, which arise from responsibility for the highest values - human life and health. With demographic changes in the society, the demand for nursing care increases. Looking after the health of nursing staff becomes a non-material investment in employees. One of the most important health potentials described in literature is the sense of coherence. It can significantly contribute to maintaining good health, modify one's functioning in a stressful working environment and influence the choice of strategies for coping with stress. AIM: The aim of the study was to describe the specific relationship between the sense of coherence and strategies for coping with stress in a group of professionally active nurses. METHODOLOGY AND METHODS: The study involved 91 nurses in central Poland, aged 22-52. The group was diversified in terms of: education, work system, marital status and place of residence. The study was conducted with the use of: Sense of Coherence Questionnaire SOC-29 and Inventory to Measure Coping Strategies with Stress - Mini-COPE. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of scientific research set out in the Helsinki Declaration. RESULTS: The sense of coherence value in the test group was M = 134.24 (SD = 19.55). In stressful situations nurses most often used active strategies to cope with stress: Planning M = 2.10 (SD = 0.54), Seeking Emotional Social Support M = 1.95 (SD = 0.68) and Seeking Instrumental Social Support M = 1.95 (SD = 0.69), and the least frequently: Alcohol/Drug Use M = 0.28 (SD = 0.48). The level of the sense of coherence and its components differentiated the strategies of coping with stress used in the examined group of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The research confirmed that the sense of coherence serves as a health potential in a stressful working environment - a high sense of coherence translate into better mental health, correct functioning in the working environment, and using adaptive strategies of coping with stress. Nurses with a stronger sense of coherence used more adaptive strategies to deal with stress than those with average or low levels.

A preliminary study on the effectiveness of a stress management program for healthcare-related undergraduates with at-risk mental state.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of a stress management program on stress perception and coping strategies for healthcare-related undergraduates with at-risk mental state (ARMS). DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized experimental design with pretest and posttest was used. Of the 2812 students screened, 65 were identified as having ARMS, 52 enrolled in the study, and 49 (75%) completed the study. FINDINGS: Significance was found for subjects with schizotypal traits in emotion expression and problem-avoidance coping strategies. Subjects with trait anxiety improved significantly in interpersonal deficits after the program. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Students with different trait risks reported benefits in different stress-coping strategies from the program.