Change Laboratory intervention for promoting learning about causes and prevention of workplace aggressions in a mental health facility.

AIM: To assess a Change Laboratory (CL) intervention concerning the promotion of learning about the causes and prevention of workplace aggression in a Healthcare Service for Drug and Alcohol Users. BACKGROUND: It is estimated that one fourth of all healthcare professionals worldwide have already experienced some kind of workplace violence. In mental health facilities, aggressions have multiple origins, including moments when physical restraint is applied or situations when the patients' demands are not met. This problem is aggravated in facilities known for their practice of imposing disciplinary measures. Several studies have shown the need to reduce disciplinary means, as well as the importance of health service teams and user participation in designing strategies to prevent aggression. DESIGN: This study employed a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive design. An intervention was conducted in a Healthcare Service for Drug and Alcohol Users, in Brazil. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting. METHODS: This study is a qualitative analysis of nine sessions of a CL, which was conducted in 2022 with 12 healthcare professionals, mainly women from the nursing staff. RESULTS: These workers identified the main causes of aggression after a historical and empirical analysis of the nature of the work performed and the contradictions inherent within it. They also recognized the need for cooperative teams prepared to recognize potentially aggressive situations beforehand. CONCLUSIONS: This article brings practical contributions by showing a detailed analysis of how the CL intervention method, using the principle of Transformative Agency Double Stimulation, promotes a sequence of learning actions. The method helped participants to systematically understand the causes of the situations that give rise to workplace violence, examining the goal of the activity as something socially and historically constructed. Likewise, this method helped the professionals to collectively build the key components of a potential prevention program against aggression in the workplace.

Beneficios de la atención telefónica durante la pandemia covid19 en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con alcoholismo y otras adicciones / Advantages of telephone assistance on adherence to treatment in patients with alcohol and other addictions during the Covid19 pandemic

La pandemia por covid19 ha generado muchas publicaciones acerca de su influencia en el tratamiento y evolución de personas con un trastorno por uso de sustancias, con resultados contradictorios, a veces basadas en datos y otras en inferencias indirectas de otros datos. En este trabajo se estudia la adherencia y tasas de abstinencia de pacientes que inician tratamiento en una Unidad de Conductas Adictivas durante la pandemia, respecto a otros que acudieron el año previo y comparando los que hicieron visita presencial o telefónica. Los resultados indicaron mejor adherencia al mes de seguimiento en los pacientes del periodo covid19 y en los que fueron atendidos telefónicamente. A los 3 y 12 meses se mantuvo una mejor adherencia, aunque no significativa estadísticamente. Respecto a la abstinencia, el pequeño tamaño de la muestra dificultó obtener diferencias significativas. Se concluye que la pandemia, aunque ha significado una disminución del número de inicios de tratamientos por consumo de sustancias, también ha repercutido en una mayor adherencia a corto y medio plazo. La atención telefónica puede jugar un papel importante y positivo en este aspecto, complementario a otros recursos e intervenciones. (AU)

The Covid19 pandemic has led to many publications about its influence on the treatment and evolution of individuals with a substance use disorder, leading to contradictory results. In this study, the adherence and abstinence rates of patients who started treatment in an Addictive Behavior Unit during the pandemic are analyzed, compared with others who attended the previous year and comparing those who were attended in person or by phone. The results indicate that during the Covid19 period, patients had greater adherence to treatment after one month of follow up and when attended to by phone. At 3 and 12 months, greater adherence was maintained, although it was not statistically significant. Regarding abstinence, the small sample size made it difficult to obtain significant differences. The conclusion is that, despite a quantitative decrease in the number of patients beginning drug treatment, in qualitative terms the pandemic led to greater adherence in the short and medium term. Telephone attention can play an important and positive role at this point, complementary to other resources and interventions. (AU)

Capacidad de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas para manejar situaciones de crisis / The ability of Psychosocial Care Centers specialized in Alcohol and Drugs to handle crises / Capacidade de manejo de situações de crise por Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas

Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Otras Drogas 24 horas para manejar situaciones de crisis de las personas que consumen AOD en la atención integral. Método: estudio cuantitativo, evaluativo y longitudinal, realizado de febrero a noviembre de 2019. La muestra inicial estuvo compuesta por 121 personas que consumen AOD, que recibieron atención integral en situaciones de crisis en dos Centros de Atención Psicosocial para Alcohol y Otras Drogas 24 horas en el centro de São Paulo. Los mismos fueron reevaluados después de 14 días de atención. La capacidad para manejar la crisis se evaluó mediante un indicador validado. Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y modelos de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: sesenta y siete personas que consumen AOD completaron el follow-up (54,9%). Durante la atención de las situaciones de crisis, nueve personas que consumen AOD (13,4%; p=0,470) fueron derivadas a otros servicios de la red de salud: siete por complicaciones clínicas, una por intento de suicidio y una por hospitalización psiquiátrica. La capacidad de los servicios para manejar situaciones de crisis fue del 86,6%, fue considerada positiva. Conclusión: los dos servicios evaluados fueron capaces de manejar situaciones de crisis en su área de influencia, evitando internaciones y contando con el apoyo de la red cuando fue necesario, logrando así los objetivos de desinstitucionalización.

Objective: to assess the ability of 24-hour Psychosocial Care Centers specialized in Alcohol and Other Drugs to handle the users' crises in comprehensive care. Method: a quantitative, evaluative, and longitudinal study was conducted from February to November 2019. The initial sample consisted of 121 users, who were part of the comprehensibly care in crises by two 24-hour Psychosocial Care Centers specialized in Alcohol and other Drugs in downtown São Paulo. These users were re-evaluated 14 days after admission. The ability to handle the crisis was assessed using a validated indicator. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression of mixed-effects models. Results: 67 users (54.9%) finished the follow-up period. During crises, nine users (13.4%; p=0.470) were referred to other services from the health network: seven due to clinical complications, one due to a suicide attempt, and another for psychiatric hospitalization. The ability to handle the crisis in the services was 86.6%, which was evaluated as positive. Conclusion: both of the services analyzed were able to handle crises in their territory, avoiding hospitalizations and enjoying network support when necessary, thus achieving the de-institutionalization objectives.

Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas 24 horas em manejar situações de crise dos usuários no acolhimento integral. Método: estudo quantitativo, avaliativo e longitudinal, realizado de fevereiro a novembro de 2019. A amostra inicial foi composta por 121 usuários, acolhidos integralmente em situações de crise por dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas 24 horas do centro de São Paulo. Estes foram reavaliados após 14 dias de acolhimento. A capacidade de manejar a crise foi avaliada por um indicador validado. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por regressão de modelos de efeitos mistos. Resultados: sessenta e sete usuários concluíram o follow-up (54,9%). Durante o acolhimento às situações de crise, nove usuários (13,4%; p=0,470) foram encaminhados para outros serviços da rede de saúde: sete por complicações clínicas, um por tentativa de suicídio e um para internação psiquiátrica. A capacidade de manejo das situações de crise pelos serviços foi de 86,6%, avaliada como positiva. Conclusão: os dois serviços avaliados foram capazes de manejar situações de crise no próprio território, evitando internações e tendo apoio da rede quando necessário, atingindo assim, os objetivos da desinstitucionalização.

A Retrospective Comparison of the Effectiveness of Buprenorphine Versus Baclofen for Acute Opioid Withdrawal.

Background: A significant impediment to opioid cessation or dose reduction is mitigating withdrawal severity that has been shown to affect the course of opioid dependence. Current guidelines recommend the use of buprenorphine and methadone over alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Baclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has promising results as an adjunct agent for opioid withdrawal but has not been compared to buprenorphine. This study compared the ability of buprenorphine and baclofen to mitigate acute opioid withdrawal. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of 63 patients with diagnosed opioid use disorder that received scheduled buprenorphine or baclofen for 3 days, in addition to as-needed medications during 2 distinct time periods (pre-2017 and 2017-2020). Patients were admitted to the inpatient detoxification unit at Gateway Community Services in Jacksonville, FL. Results: The results showed that patients achieving detoxification success were 11.2 times more likely to be exposed to baclofen than buprenorphine (95% CI 3.32 - 37.83, P < .001). Completion of detoxification protocol (baclofen 63.2% vs buprenorphine 72%, P = .649) and incidence of orthostatic hypotension (15.8% versus 0%, P = .073) were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Patients treated with baclofen had a lower frequency of secondary medication use for acute opioid withdrawal than patients treated with buprenorphine. This raises an interesting question of whether baclofen is comparable to buprenorphine for treating opioid withdrawal. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial in a larger patient population is warranted to determine this difference.

An approach for studying the contributions of childhood sexual abuse and HPA axis dysregulation to substance use disorders.

An environmental risk factor for substance abuse and dependence is childhood sexual abuse (CSA). We piloted an approach we developed to test the hypothesis that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation from the stress of CSA is a biological mediator. We based our hypothesis on the allostasis model. New admissions to residential treatment for substance use disorders (N = 41) were evaluated for CSA history and two HPA axis regulation measures at baseline, one month, and two months. The two HPA axis regulation measures were morning cortisol level and the dexamethasone suppression test. Five potential covariates were also measured to increase reliability of the findings. Feasibility outcomes were mostly favorable, and included rates of participation (57 %), attrition (46 % at one month and 71 % at two months), and compliance with data collection procedures (87 % for morning cortisol level and 84 % for the dexamethasone suppression test). High attrition rates at one and two months were entirely attributable to high rates of leaving treatment, an important consideration for future studies. Baseline correlations among variables showed a significant negative correlation between dexamethasone suppression and perceived stress, a potential covariate (rho = -0.458). This finding suggests that individuals with lower stress levels have better negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis, which results in the benefit of lower cortisol exposure-a finding congruent with the allostasis model.

Tratamento para mulheres que usam drogas: uma crítica sob a perspectiva do feminismo decolonial / Tratamiento para mujeres que usan drogas: una crítica desde la perspectiva del feminismo descolonial / Treatment for women who use drugs: a critique from the perspective of decolonial feminism

Resumo Este artigo realiza revisão sistemática sobre o tratamento para o uso de drogas por mulheres e aponta lacunas nessa literatura a partir de uma perspectiva feminista decolonial. Foram coletados trabalhos escritos em inglês, português e espanhol publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Os resultados apontam para a influência dos estigmas sociais, de atitudes julgadoras dos profissionais e da família e a importância de considerar as necessidades sociais e de saúde através de um cuidado singularizado. No entanto, poucos trabalhos sinalizam o fato de que essas mulheres vivem em sociedades sexistas e para o modo como gênero, raça e classe influenciam nos usos de drogas e no tratamento. Por fim, destacamos contribuições do feminismo decolonial para a leitura do fenômeno do uso de drogas e como essa articulação pode fundamentar uma atenção psicossocial nos moldes de uma Reforma Psiquiátrica Antimanicomial feminista e antirracista.

Resumen Este artículo realiza una revisión sistemática sobre el tratamiento del consumo de drogas por parte de mujeres y señala vacíos en esta literatura desde una perspectiva feminista descolonial. Se recogieron artículos escritos en inglés, portugués y español publicados entre 2010 y 2019. Los resultados apuntan a la influencia de los estigmas sociales, las actitudes críticas de los profesionales y familiares y la importancia de considerar las necesidades sociales y de salud a través de una atención singular. Sin embargo, pocos estudios señalan el hecho de que estas mujeres viven en sociedades sexistas y cómo el género, la raza y la clase influyen en el uso y el tratamiento de las drogas. Finalmente, destacamos los aportes del feminismo descolonial a la lectura del fenómeno del consumo de drogas y cómo esta articulación puede apoyar la atención psicosocial en la línea de una Reforma Psiquiátrica Anti-asilo feminista y antirracista.

Abstract This article performs a systematic review on treatment for drug use by women and points out gaps in this literature from a decolonial feminist perspective. Papers written in English, Portuguese and Spanish published between the years 2010 and 2019 were collected. The results point to the influence of social stigmas, judgmental attitudes of professionals and family and the importance of considering social and health needs through a personalized care. However, few studies will point to the fact that these women live in sexist societies and how gender, race and class influence drug use and treatment. Finally, we highlight contributions from decolonial feminism to the reading of the phenomenon of drug use and how this articulation can support psychosocial care along the lines of a feminist and anti-racist Anti-asylum Psychiatric Reform.

A lógica das redes, modos de atenção e práticas de cuidado em saúde com usuários de álcool e outras drogas / The logic of networks, modes of care and practices of care in health with users of alcohol and other drugs / La lógica de redes, modos de atención y prácticas de atención en salud con usuarios de alcohol y otras drogas

Sabe-se que foi a partir da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da constituição de políticas públicas sobre drogas que o uso de álcool e outras drogas passou a ser pensado como uma questão de saúde pública. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi o de mapear e compreender as práticas de cuidado desenvolvidas através das equipes que atuam nos serviços públicos voltados às pessoas que usam álcool e outras drogas na cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. Para a construção dos dados da pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos: participação nas reuniões de equipe dos serviços; realização de uma roda de conversa com cada equipe; observação participante em grupos e atividades em cada um dos serviços. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise temática de conteúdo, sendo construídas três categorias temáticas. A primeira categoria apresenta e discute as noções de rede que surgiram nos grupos. Na segunda categoria, identificam-se e (re)descobrem-se algumas práticas de cuidado no contexto dos serviços estudados. Por fim, a terceira categoria coloca em evidência e problematiza as perspectivas de trabalho das equipes. A pesquisa possibilitou o entendimento dos serviços que ofertam cuidados aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas em Santa Cruz do Sul, assim como desafios, articulações entre os serviços e quais perspectivas estão orientando este cuidado.(AU)

It is known that from the onset of the Psychiatric Reform and the constitution of public policies about drugs the use of alcohol and other drugs was thought as a public health issue. In this perspective, the main goal of this research was to map and understand the care practices developed by the staff workers of public health system that focus on people who are alcohol and drug users in the county of Santa Cruz do Sul. To gather data for the research the following procedures took place: participation in the staff meetings; conversation meetings with each staff team; participant observation in group activities at each one of the services. The data was analyzed using a content theme analysis, three theme categories were built. The first category shows and discusses the notion of network that came up in the groups. In the second category, it is identified and (re)discovered some care-taking practices within the context of the services being studied. At last, the third category highlights and problematizes the perspectives of the work of the teams. The research allowed for the understanding of the services that offer care to alcohol and drug users of Santa Cruz do Sul, as well as the challenges, articulations between the services and which perspectives are under this care-taking practice.(AU)

És sabido que fue a partir de la Reforma Psiquiátrica y de la constituición de las políticas públicas sobre drogas que el uso del álcohol y otras drogas empezó a ser piensado como una questión de salud pública. Con esa perspectiva, el objetivo general de esta investigación ha sido de mapear y comprender las prácticas de cuidado desarolladas a través de los equipos que trabajan en los servicios públicos para las personas que son usuários de álcohol y otras drogas en la ciudad de Santa Cruz do Sul. Para la construcción de los datos de la investigación ha sido utilizados los siguientes procedimientos: participación en las reuniónes del equipos de los servicios; realización de una rueda de charla con cada uno de los equipos; observación participante en los grupos y actividades en cada uno de los servícios. Los datos fueron analisados a partir de la análise temática de contenido, con tres categorias temáticas siendo constuidas. La primera categoria presenta y discute las nociones de red que surgiram en los grupos. En la segunda categoria, identificase y (re)descobrense algunas prácticas de cuidado en el contexto de los servícios investigados. Por fin, la tercera categoria pone en prueba y problematiza las perspectivas del trabajo de los equipos. La investigación hizo posible el entendimiento de los servícios que ofrecen cuidados a los usuários de álcohol y otras drogas en Santa Cruz do Sul, así como los desafíos, articulaciones entre los servícios y cuáles perspectivas están orientando este cuidado.(AU)

Acolhimento integral em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na perspectiva da proteção dos direitos humanos / Integrated embracement in Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in the perspective of the protection of human rights

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar se os resultados do acolhimento integral em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas III (CAPS AD III) atendem aos padrões de qualidade para proteção e respeito dos direitos humanos dos usuários. Desenvolvemos um estudo avaliativo, quantitativo e de desenho longitudinal com 122 usuários acolhidos integralmente em dois CAPS AD III, com follow-up após 14 e 90 dias. Os resultados dos indicadores qualidade de vida, consequências da dependência de substâncias e reabilitação psicossocial, foram posteriormente analisados à luz do referencial QualityRights. Três temas e nove padrões foram avaliados. Quatro padrões foram classificados como alcance total, quatro como alcance parcial e um como alcance iniciado. O direito a usufruir do padrão mais elevado possível de saúde física e mental foi o padrão mais atingido pelo acolhimento integral (tema 2). O direito a exercer a capacidade legal e o direito à liberdade pessoal e segurança foi atendido com algumas fragilidades (tema 3). O direito de viver de forma independente e ser incluído na comunidade, necessita de outros recursos sociais, além do cuidado especializado em saúde mental, para ser melhorado (tema 5).

Abstract This article aims to assess whether or not the results of integrated embracement in Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs III (CAPS AD III) meet the quality standards necessary for the protection of and respect for users' human rights. An evaluative, quantitative, and longitudinal design was developed through a study with 122 users, embraced in two CAPS AD III follow-ups after 14 and 90 days. This study analyzed the quality of life indicators, consequences of substance abuse, and psychosocial rehabilitation in the light of the QualityRights framework. Three themes and nine patterns were evaluated. In this study, four patterns were classified as total reach, four as partial reach, and one as initiated reach. The right to enjoy the highest possible standard of physical and mental health was the standard most achieved by integrated embracement (theme 2). The right to exercise legal capacity and the right to personal freedom and security were achieved, but with some weaknesses (theme 3). The right to live independently and be included in the community requires other social resources, in addition to specialized mental health care in order to be improved (theme 5).

Understanding the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facility Operations and Patient Success: Evidence From Mississippi.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in the provision of care at substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities. Stresses associated with the pandemic could also negatively impact treatment outcomes for clients. The aim of this study is to evaluate how SUD treatment facilities in Mississippi changed their operations following the start of the pandemic. The change in client success rates at the facilities is also assessed. Methods: An online survey was completed by 12 SUD treatment facilities in Mississippi between February and May 2021. Results: Generally, the facilities' capacity to provide treatment to clientele was moderately affected by the pandemic. Facilities in the sample also adapted a variety of policies to limit the spread of COVID-19. Changes in the services provided by facilities was observed in the survey responses. For client success rates reported by the facilities, there was a decrease in the number of facilities stating that more than 80% of their clients completed treatment across the pre- and post-pandemic periods. However, the number of facilities with more than 80% of their clients successfully finishing treatment has increased in recent months. Conclusions: To continue serving their clientele during the pandemic, facilities enacted COVID-19-related policies and began offering new services such as telehealth. Although client success rates decreased at the beginning of the pandemic, they have returned to pre-pandemic levels in recent months. Our results indicate that SUD treatment facilities and clients have improved in terms of giving and receiving care as the pandemic has progressed.

Avaliação de quarta geração em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas / Evaluación de cuarta generación en Centro de Atención Psicosocial Alcohol y Drogas / Fourth-generation evaluation in an Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Center

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar qualitativamente as ações ofertadas por um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na perspectiva dos familiares e dos usuários do serviço. Método Estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvido pelo método de avaliação de Quarta Geração, nos meses de setembro de 2019 a março de 2020. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação e de entrevista aberta individual e analisados pelo Método Comparativo Constante. Os informantes foram nove familiares e oito usuários do serviço. Para auxiliar na organização e na apresentação dos dados, utilizou-se o software ATLAS.ti 9.0.18. Resultados Ambos os grupos de interesse ressaltaram positivamente a gratuidade do tratamento, o acolhimento, o apoio, as informações ofertadas pela equipe por meio dos grupos, a reinserção social e a oferta de medicação. Além disso, psicólogos e assistentes sociais foram citados como profissionais de maior proximidade. O acesso foi citado com ambiguidade pelos grupos de interesse, e as fragilidades incluíram a continuidade do cuidado pelos pontos da rede psicossocial. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática O estudo reconhece a eficácia do serviço, no entanto, necessita aprimoramento na articulação das ações interprofissionais e intersetoriais entre os demais pontos de atenção e a inclusão da família no tratamento.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar cualitativamente las acciones ofrecidas por un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Alcohol y Drogas en la perspectiva de los familiares y usuarios del servicio. Método Estudio cualitativo, del tipo de estudio de caso, desarrollado por el método de evaluación de Cuarta Generación, entre los meses de septiembre de 2019 hasta marzo de 2020. Los datos se recogieron mediante la observación y la entrevista abierta individual y se analizaron mediante el Método Comparativo Constante. Los informantes fueron nueve familiares y ocho usuarios del servicio. Se utilizó el software ATLAS.ti 9.0.18 para ayudar a organizar y presentar los datos. Resultados Ambos grupos de interés destacaron positivamente la gratuidad del tratamiento, la acogida, el apoyo y la información ofrecida por el equipo a través de los grupos, la reinserción social y la oferta de medicación. Además, los psicólogos y los trabajadores sociales fueron mencionados como profesionales de mayor proximidad. El acceso fue aludido con ambigüedad por los grupos de interés, y entre los puntos débiles estaba la continuidad de la atención por parte de los puntos de la red psicosocial. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica El estudio reconoce la eficacia del servicio, sin embargo, necesita mejorar la articulación de las acciones interprofesionales e intersectoriales entre los demás puntos de atención y la inclusión de la familia en el tratamiento.

Abstract Objective To qualitatively evaluate the actions provided by an Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Care Center from the perspective of family members and service users. Method This is a qualitative case study developed using the fourth-generation evaluation method from September 2019 to March 2020. Data were collected through observation and individual open interviews and analyzed by the constant comparative method; nine family members and eight service users were informants. The ATLAS.ti 9.0.18 software was used to help organize and present the data. Results Both focus groups highlighted positively the free treatment, reception, support, and information provided by the team through the groups, social reintegration, and providing medication. In addition, psychologists and social workers were cited as the professionals that the participants felt the closest to. Access to care was cited with ambiguity by the focus groups, and the weaknesses included the continuity of care by the points of the psychosocial network. Final considerations and implications for practice This study recognizes the effectiveness of the service, although it requires improving the articulation of interprofessional and intersectoral actions among the other points of care and including the family in the treatment.

Intervenciones para dejar de fumar en los centros de atencióna las drogodependencias de Cataluña: La adicción abandonada / Smoking cessation interventions in substance use disorders treatment centers of Catalonia: The abandoned addiction

Los centros de tratamiento de drogodependencias son un recurso óptimo para realizar intervenciones para la cesación tabáquica (ICT). Elobjetivo de este estudio fue examinar la implementación de ICT en laRed de centros de Atención a las Drogodependencias (CAS) de Cataluña, así como evaluar las opiniones sobre la adecuación y viabilidad de laprovisión de ICT. Los responsables de los CAS (n = 57) contestaron uncuestionario on-line compuesto por 30 ítems. Se obtuvieron datos de 50centros (87,7% tasa de respuesta). El 46% de los CAS ofrecía algún tipode ICT, pero sólo un 4,8% de los nuevos pacientes eran tratados paradejar de fumar. Además, los responsables informaron que el 73,3% delos profesionales que trabajaban en los CAS no había recibido formación en ICT. El 64% de los responsables estaba de acuerdo que todos losprofesionales deberían realizar ICT. Aquellos centros que ofrecían ICTvisitaban más pacientes y era más probable que tuviesen profesionalesformados en ICT, comparado con los centros que no ofrecían ICT. La implementación de ICT en los CAS de Cataluña era subóptima. Se deberíafacilitar formación continuada a los profesionales de los CAS. No venir sobre el consumo de tabaco en pacientes en tratamiento por otrasdrogodependencias significa perder oportunidades para reducir costesen salud y económicos mientras perpetuamos una cultura fumadora. (AU)

Substance use disorders (SUD) treatment centers are an optimal setting for delivering smoking cessation interventions (SCI). This studyaimed to examine the adoption of SCI in SUD treatment centers inCatalonia (Spain) as well as to assess their managers’ views on theappropriateness and feasibility of providing SCI. Managers directly incharge of SUD treatment centers (n = 57) answered a 30-item on-linequestionnaire. Data was obtained of 50 centers (87.7% response rate).Forty-six per cent of the centers provided some kind of SCI, but only4.8% of the new patients were treated for smoking cessation. Managers reported that 73.3% of mental health professionals working inSUD centers had not been trained in SCI. Sixty-four per cent of managers agreed that all health professionals should deliver SCI. Thosecenters offering SCI attended more patients and were more likely tohave professionals trained in SCI than those not offering SCI. Theimplementation of SCI in SUD treatment centers in Catalonia wassuboptimal. Continuing education and training should be providedfor all health professionals working in SUD centers. Not systematically delivering SCI to patients in treatment for other SUD means missingopportunities to reduce health and economic costs while perpetuating a smoking culture. (AU)

Assessment of organizational dynamics in a Psychosocial Care Center from the multidisciplinary team's perspective / Evaluación de la dinámica organizacional en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial desde la perspectiva del equipo multidisciplinario / Avaliação da dinâmica organizacional em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na perspectiva da equipe multidisciplinar

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess organizational dynamics in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs from the multidisciplinary team's perspective. Methods: an evaluative, qualitative study, supported by the Fourth Generation Assessment theoretical-methodological framework. It was carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs from September 2019 to March 2020. Data collection took place through observation, individual open-ended interviews and negotiation sessions. The informants were 12 professionals. Analysis was based on Constant Comparative Method. Results: it was highlighted as potential of organizational dynamics, being an outpatient service, trying to address the deficiencies of RAPS and understanding the importance of matrix support. Among the challenges are the fragility of teamwork, reception, insufficient training, worker profile and overload. Final Considerations: the importance of understanding the work process and the care flow is highlighted, in order to strengthen the Psychosocial Care Network.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la dinámica organizacional en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas desde la perspectiva del equipo multidisciplinario. Métodos: estudio evaluativo, cualitativo, sustentado en el marco teórico-metodológico de la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación. Realizado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y Drogas, de septiembre de 2019 a marzo de 2020. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante observación, entrevistas individuales abiertas y sesión de negociación Los informantes fueron 12 profesionales y el análisis se basó en el Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: se destacó el potencial de la dinámica organizacional como un servicio ambulatorio, tratando de abordar las deficiencias del RAPS y entendiendo la importancia del soporte matricial. Entre los retos se encuentran la fragilidad del trabajo en equipo, la acogida, la formación insuficiente, el perfil y la sobrecarga del trabajador. Consideraciones Finales: se destaca la importancia de comprender el proceso de trabajo y el diagrama de flujo de la atención, con el fin de fortalecer la Red de Atención Psicosocial.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a dinâmica organizacional em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas na perspectiva da equipe multidisciplinar. Métodos: estudo avaliativo, qualitativo, apoiado no referencial teórico-metodológico da Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, de setembro de 2019 a março 2020. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da observação, entrevista aberta individual e sessão de negociação. Os informantes foram 12 profissionais, e a análise se baseou no Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: foram destacadas como potencialidades da dinâmica organizacional ser um serviço ambulatorial, tentar suprir as deficiências da RAPS e entender a importância do matriciamento. Dentre os desafios, estão a fragilidade do trabalho em equipe, do acolhimento, a insuficiência de capacitações, o perfil e sobrecarga do trabalhador. Considerações Finais: salienta-se a importância de compreender o processo de trabalho e o fluxograma de atendimentos, a fim de fortalecer a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.

Organizational Factors Moderating Changes in Tobacco Use Dependence Care Delivery Following a Comprehensive Tobacco-Free Workplace Intervention in Non-Profit Substance Use Treatment Centers.

Although tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and is elevated among patients with substance use disorders, many substance use treatment centers (SUTCs) do not offer tobacco use interventions (i.e., screening and treatment). This study examined a key outcome of the implementation of a tobacco-free workplace program that provided education and specialized training to employees; namely, changes in clinician provision of the five As (Asking about tobacco use; Advising to quit; Assessing willingness to quit; Assisting with quitting; Arranging follow-up) from before to after the larger program implementation. The five As are a brief tobacco screening and treatment protocol that was taught as part of the program and that formed the basis for further intervention (e.g., provision of nicotine replacement therapies, Motivational Interviewing to enhance desire and willingness to make a quit attempt). Moreover, we also examined organizational moderators that may have impacted changes in the delivery of the five As over time among clinicians from 15 participating SUTCs. The number of the centers' total and unique annual patient visits; full-time employees; and organizational readiness for implementing change were assessed as potential moderators of change in clinicians' behaviors over time. Clinicians completed pre- and post-program implementation surveys assessing their provision of the five As. Results demonstrated significant increases in Asking (p = 0.0036), Advising (p = 0.0176), Assisting (p < 0.0001), and Arranging (p < 0.0001). SUTCs with higher Change Efficacy (p = 0.025) and lower Resource Availability (p = 0.019) had greater increases in Asking. SUTCs with lower Resource Availability had greater increases in Assessing (p = 0.010). These results help guide tobacco control program implementation to increase the provision of tobacco use interventions (i.e., the five As) to SUTC patients and elucidate Change Efficacy and Resource Availability as organizational factors promoting this clinician behavior change.

Nutritional status and eating habits of people who use drugs and/or are undergoing treatment for recovery: a narrative review.

A comprehensive overview is presented of the nutritional issues faced by people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery. Chronic substance use affects a person's nutritional status and body composition through decreased intake, nutrient absorption, and dysregulation of hormones that alter the mechanisms of satiety and food intake. Anthropometrics alone is not the best indicator of nutritional status, because this population has hidden deficiencies and disturbed metabolic parameters. Socioeconomic factors (eg, higher education, higher income, presence of a partner, living at home) positively affect nutritional status. Scarce available data on users undergoing treatment indicate improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters but with micronutrient intake remaining suboptimal. Weight gain is noted especially among women who use drugs and potentially increases their risk of relapse. Finally, specific amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids are promising in decreasing relapse and improving mental health during treatment; however, additional high-quality studies are needed. Nutrition intervention for people who use drugs or are undergoing treatment for recovery is underused; comprehensive programs addressing this population's unique needs are necessary. Future research will identify which components are needed.

Institutional care for children and adolescents that use drugs / Cuidado institucional a crianças e adolescentes usuários de drogas

The literature highlights the existence of weaknesses in the psychosocial care network, especially in the treatment of children and adolescents that use drugs. The study aimed to comprehend, based on the Winnicottian theoretical framework, how a Residential Care Unit has been providing care to children and adolescents with needs arising from drugs use in situations of social vulnerability. Semi-structured interviews, with eight care providers, and 65 hours of participant observation were carried out. From the thematic analysis, three themes were constructed: (1) Setting: regarding attention to basic needs and construction of a routine; (2) View: regarding empathy and expansion of perspectives; (3) Aggressiveness: regarding new ways of relating. Important actions are aimed at constructing care for this specific population, as this is a current theme with recent and weakly structured public policies.

A literatura aponta para a existência de fragilidades na rede de atenção psicossocial, sobretudo, no tratamento de crianças e de adolescentes usuários de drogas. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir do referencial teórico winnicottiano, como uma Unidade de Acolhimento infantojuvenil vem oferecendo cuidado a crianças e a adolescentes com necessidades decorrentes do uso de drogas e em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito profissionais e 65 horas de observação participante. A partir da análise temática foram construídos três temas: (1)Ambiente: sobre atenção às necessidades básicas e construção de rotina; (2) Olhar: sobre empatia e ampliação de perspectivas; (3) Agressividade: sobre novas formas de se relacionar. São discutidas ações que visam à construção do cuidado para essa população específica já que essa é uma temática atual com políticas públicas recentes e fragilmente estruturadas.

Atitudes de profissionais de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial sobre álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolistas / Attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar as atitudes dos profissionais de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial frente ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista. Métodos estudo transversal, avaliativo, com 288 profissionais de 12 serviços de saúde. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos, Escala de Satisfação dos Pacientes com os Serviços de Saúde Mental e Escala de Atitude para álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolistas. Resultados os profissionais que demonstraram postura mais crítica em relação ao seu cotidiano de trabalho e os que atuavam nos serviços por mais tempo apresentaram atitudes positivas em relação ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolistas. Profissionais da equipe administrativa e técnicos de saúde apresentaram atitudes mais negativas. Conclusão as atitudes dos profissionais ao álcool, alcoolismo e alcoolista, no geral, são positivas e associaram-se ao maior tempo de atuação na área e à expressão de incômodos com o trabalho.

ABSTRACT Objective to assess the attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Methods a cross-sectional evaluation study with 288 professionals from 12 healthcare services. Sociodemographic data, Patient Satisfaction Scale with Mental Health Services and Attitude Scale for alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics were collected. Results the professionals who showed a more critical attitude towards their work routine and those who worked in the healthcare services for longer had positive attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Professionals from the administrative team and health technicians had more negative attitudes. Conclusion the attitudes of professionals towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics, in general, are positive and were associated with longer working time in the field and the manifestation of disapproving situations with work.

Assessing public behavioral health services data: a mixed method analysis.

BACKGROUND: Measuring behavioral health treatment accessibility requires timely, comprehensive and accurate data collection. Existing public sources of data have inconsistent metrics, delayed times to publication and do not measure all factors related to accessibility. This study seeks to capture this additional information and determine its importance for informing accessibility and care coordination. METHODS: The 2018 National Survey for Substance Abuse and Treatment Services (N-SSATS) data were used to identify behavioral health facilities in Indiana and gather baseline information. A telephone survey was administered to facilities with questions parallel to the N-SSATS and additional questions regarding capacity and patient intake. Quantitative analysis includes chi-square tests. A standard qualitative analysis was used for theming answers to open-ended questions. RESULTS: About 20% of behavioral health facilities responded to the study survey, and non-response bias was identified by geographic region. Among respondents, statistically significant differences were found in several questions asked in both the study survey and N-SSATS. Data gathered from the additional questions revealed many facilities to have wait times to intake longer than 2 weeks, inconsistency in intake assessment tools used, limited capacity for walk-ins and numerous requirements for engaging in treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite the low response rate to this study survey, results demonstrate that multiple factors not currently captured in public data sources can influence coordination of care. The questions included in this study survey could serve as a framework for routinely gathering these data and can facilitate efforts for successful coordination of care and clinical decision-making.

The Effect of Information Therapy on Treatment Adherence among Patients Referred to Addiction Treatment Centers.

BACKGROUND: The low level of drug adherence in addicts who are quitting is one of the biggest challenges in the treatment and management of this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of information therapy on adherence to treatment among the patients in addiction treatment centers. METHODS: The present quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 patients referred to addiction treatment centers in Jiroft City, Iran. The control and experimental groups were selected using simple random sampling method. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used for data collection. The level of adherence to treatment was assessed before and after the intervention, which consisted of 6 one-hour training sessions per week. FINDINGS: The adherence to medication was low in both experimental and control groups before the notification. However, the chi-square value obtained by comparing the frequencies of the experimental and control groups in three variables of adherence level (high, moderate, and low) was 9.84 which was statistically significant (P = 0.007). Therefore, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after information therapy. In fact, the information in the experimental group had a significant and positive effect. CONCLUSION: Because of the low level of adherence to treatment, it is recommended to use information therapy to give information on timely and correct use of drugs as well as its importance in the treatment of addiction; so that the level of adherence would improve.

Impact of 24-hour schedule of a drug consumption room on service use and number of non-fatal overdoses. A quasiexperimental study in Barcelona.

BACKGROUND: The opening hours of drug consumption rooms could constitute a barrier to access among people who use drugs (PWUD). CAS Baluard is an outpatient substance use care center in Barcelona, which provides a drug consumption room in Barcelona among other services. The objectives of our study were to compare the client profile, the facility use, the drugs used, and the number of non-fatal overdose episodes between (1) a 15-hour opening period of a drug consumption room versus a 24-hour opening period; and (2) between daytime and nighttime during the 24-hour period. METHODS: Data from CAS Baluard was obtained from March-June (15-hour opening period) and July-October (24-hour opening period), 2018. The sociodemographic characteristics of clients were gathered in both periods and in the daytime and nighttime client groups in the 24-hour period. Finally, associations were estimated between facility use and period and between facility use and opening hours. RESULTS: There were 1,089 clients in the 15-hour period and 1,262 in the 24-hour period. There were no sociodemographic differences in the clients between periods. During nighttime, there was a higher proportion of women (17%) and homeless people (47%) than during daytime (12% and 30%, respectively). Injected cocaine use was more frequent during nighttime (34%) than during daytime (25%) and injected heroin use was less frequent during nighttime (17%) than during daytime (24%). There was a non-significant increase in non-fatal overdose risk during nighttime (PR 3.9 95%CI 0.98-15.64). However, when we analyzed heroin use alone, the increase in non-fatal overdose risk was significant (PR 4.69 95%CI 1.17-18.75). CONCLUSION: During nighttime, attendance at the facility was higher among women, homeless people, and people who used stimulants. Our results point to a possible increase in overdose risk during nighttime, when most drug consumption rooms are closed.

Adolescent-Serving Addiction Treatment Facilities in the United States and the Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder.

PURPOSE: Adolescents with opioid use disorder are less likely than adults to receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), yet we know little about facilities that provide addiction treatment for adolescents. We sought to describe adolescent-serving addiction treatment facilities in the U.S. and examine associations between facility characteristics and offering MOUD, leading to informed recommendations to improve treatment access. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the 2017 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services. Facilities were classified by whether they offered a specialized adolescent program. Covariates included facility ownership, hospital affiliation, insurance/payments, government grants, accreditation/licensure, location, levels of care, and provision of MOUD. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression compared adolescent-serving versus adult-focused facilities and identified characteristics associated with offering maintenance MOUD. RESULTS: Among 13,585 addiction treatment facilities in the U.S., 3,537 (26.0%) offered adolescent programs. Adolescent-serving facilities were half as likely to offer maintenance MOUD as adult-focused facilities (odds ratio, .53; 95% confidence interval, .49-.58), which was offered at 23.1% (816) of adolescent-serving versus 35.9% (3,612) of adult-focused facilities. Among adolescent-serving facilities, characteristics associated with increased unadjusted odds of offering maintenance MOUD were nonprofit status, hospital affiliation, accepting insurance (particularly, private insurance), accreditation, Northeastern location, or offering inpatient services. CONCLUSIONS: The one-quarter of U.S. addiction treatment facilities that serve adolescents are half as likely to provide MOUD as adult-focused facilities, which may explain why adolescents are less likely than adults to receive MOUD. Strategies to increase adolescent access to MOUD may consider insurance reforms/incentives, facility accreditation, and geographically targeted funding.