Minimally Invasive Peroneal Tenodesis Assisted by Peroneal Tendoscopy: Technique and Preliminary Results.

Introduction: Peroneal disorders are a common cause of ankle pain and lateral instability and have been described in as much as 77% of patients with lateral ankle instability. Clicking, swelling, pain, and tenderness in the peroneal tendons track are frequent symptoms, but they can be confused with other causes of lateral ankle pain. The management of peroneal disorders can be conservative or surgical. When the conservative treatment fails, surgery is indicated, and open or tendoscopic synovectomy, tubularization, tenodesis or tendon transfers can be performed. The authors present a surgical technique of tendoscopy associated to minimally invasive tenodesis for the treatment of peroneal tendon tears, as well as the preliminary results of patients submitted to this procedure. Methods: Four patients with chronic lateral ankle pain who were diagnosed with peroneal brevis pathology were treated between 2020 and 2022 with tendoscopic-assisted minimally invasive synovectomy and tenodesis. Using a 2.7 mm 30° arthroscope and a 3.0 mm shaver blade, the entire length of the peroneus brevis tendon and most parts of the peroneus longus tendon can be assessed within Sammarco's zones 1 and 2. After the inspection and synovectomy, a minimally invasive tenodesis is performed. Results: All patients were evaluated at least six months after surgery. All of them reported improvement in daily activities and in the Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire (pre-surgery mean FFI = 23.86%; post-surgery mean FFI = 6.15%), with no soft tissue complications or sural nerve complaints. Conclusion: The tendoscopy of the peroneal tendons allows the surgeon to assess their integrity, confirm the extent of the lesion, perform synovectomy, prepare the tendon for tenodesis, and perform it in a safe and minimally invasive way, reducing the risks inherent to the open procedure.

The Potential of Endoscopic Spring Ligament Repair in Flatfoot Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Spring ligament fulfills 2 main important functions: one, supporting the head of the talus and stabilizing the talonavicular joint, and the other, maintaining the longitudinal arch by acting as a static support. In this preliminary report, we describe an endoscopic repair for spring ligament injuries with modified portals. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case series study from February 2019 to January 2022. Posterior tibial tendon and/or associated bone deformities were assessed at the same surgical procedure. All patients were ≥18 years old and they had more than 6 months of follow-up. The procedure was performed in 11 patients. Mean age was 46 years (range 18-63). Ten had concomitant bony realignment surgery, and 8 had posterior tibial tendon surgery. RESULTS: In all patients, endoscopic spring ligament repair could be technically done. The modified portals were used in all procedures as described in the surgical technique. Three patients had a superficial lesion, 1 had a rupture <5 mm, 7 had a rupture >5 mm but not a complete rupture through the entire spring ligament. Most of the patients had good clinical results from the surgery that included endoscopic spring ligament debridement and/or repair at 2 years follow up. CONCLUSION: In this small series we found that endoscopy may be an effective technique to diagnose and treat incomplete spring ligament injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

Tendoscopía en disfunción del tendón tibial posterior Estadío I: 8 años de seguimiento / Tendoscopy in stage I Posterior Tibial dysfunction: 8 years follow up

Cuando fracasa el tratamiento conservador en el Estadio I de Disfunción del Tendón Tibial posterior (DTTP), se debe indicar sinovectomía y debridamiento del tendón. En este estudio evaluamos la evolución con 8 años mínimo de seguimiento, de los pacientes con esta patología tratados vía tenoscópica. Este es un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados entre el año 2008 y el año 2011. En ese período de tiempo se intervinieron 11 pacientes con esta patología. Sólo 9 de los 11 pacientes operados pudieron ser evaluados. 7 pacientes mejoraron su sintomatología según el VAS y no progresaron a estadio II. En 3 pacientes se evidenció lesión tendinosa durante la tendoscopía y ameritaron reparación a cielo abierto. La sinovectomía tendoscópica del TTP es un procedimiento quirúrgico efectivo para tratar a los pacientes con DTTP Estadio I, rebeldes a tratamiento conservador(AU)

When conservative treatment fails for Stage I Posterior Tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD), synovectomy and tendon debridement is indicated. In this study we evaluate tendoscopic treatment results for this pathology with a minimum of 8 years follow up. This is a retrospective study of patients after tendoscopic surgery performed between 2008 and 2011. 9 of the 11 patients were available for evaluation. 7 improved their symptoms according to VAS scale, and did not progress to stage II. In 3 patients tendon tear was visualized during tendoscopy and needed open repair. PTT tendoscopy is an effective surgical treatment to treat Stage I PTTD, failing to conservative treatment(AU)

Endoscopic Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for the Management of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Prospective Case Series Report With a Minimum of 18 Months' Follow-Up.

Acute Achilles tendon rupture can be treated either surgically or nonsurgically. The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) has been used successfully in patients with large chronic Achilles tendon defects. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of isolated endoscopic FHL transfer in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures at a minimum follow-up of 18 months. Fifty-six male patients with an average age of 36.3 years who underwent endoscopic FHL transfer as a treatment for acute Achilles tendon ruptures were included. Follow-up was for a mean (± standard deviation) of 27.5 ± 7.29 months. At 18 months postoperatively, the Achilles tendon total rupture score mean was 95 ± 4.26, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was a mean of 96.4 ± 4.31. The median value for FHL tendon dynamometry on the surgical side was 95.72 (range 70.1 to 142), and 100.7 (range 68 to 161) for the nonoperated side. Mean ankle plantarflexion strength at 18 months was 19.19 ± 2.55 kg • m compared with the uninjured side of 19.27 ± 2.16 kg • m. Relative Achilles tendon resting angle showed a mean of -0.25° ± 2.43°. Magnetic resonance imaging performed at a minimum of 18 months postoperatively showed a homogeneous continuous Achilles tendon signal for 43 patients and heterogeneous signal intensity in 13 patients (23.21%). No patients reported any great toe complaints or symptomatic deficits of flexion strength. No neurovascular or skin complications were encountered. The current study demonstrated satisfactory and comparable results with minimal complications when using the endoscopic FHL tendon transfer in surgical management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures, compared with the currently used methods.