Development and content validity of educational videos on self-management of fluid restriction and thirst for individuals with heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To create and evaluate the content validity of educational videos on self-management of fluid restriction and thirst for individuals with heart failure (HF). METHOD: A psychometric study was conducted in three stages: (1) an integrative literature review to identify strategies for self-management of fluid restriction and thirst by individuals with HF; (2) creation of animated videos about strategies for self-management of fluid restriction and thirst; and (3) analysis of the content validity of the educational videos by 11 experts. For each criterion, the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated; it was considered adequate when <0.636. Suggestions were evaluated by the researchers, and the videos were modified. RESULTS: Ten scripts and videos were created, averaging 30 s each. The videos' contents were based on 11 studies retrieved from the review and one specialized website. The videos were evaluated by experts, and adjustments were made when CVR < 0.636 and when allowed by the video production platform. CONCLUSIONS: Educational videos were developed and have satisfactory content validity evidence according to expert opinions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: These videos are expected to be used as educational strategies in clinical practice to prevent episodes of decompensation due to excessive fluid volume.

Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional para o manejo da sede pré-operatória / Construction and validation of educational technology for the management of preoperative thirst

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis na adesão do manejo da sede pré-operatória. Métodos estudo metodológico, realizado em três fases: 1) coleta de informações dos pacientes com sede pré-operatória; 2) elaboração das imagens com mensagens educativas; 3) evidências de validade de conteúdo e aparência das imagens pelos experts. Calculou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e aplicou-se o teste binomial. Resultados foram confeccionadas 27 imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis que trazem informações frente à sede, em relação aos seus sinais e sintomas, fatores causais, métodos utilizados no seu alívio e seus mecanismos de ação. O índice geral de validade de conteúdo foi de 0,96 e o índice geral de validade de aparência de 0,94. Conclusão as imagens com mensagens educativas para telefones móveis encontram-se validadas em conteúdo e aparência. Contribuições para a prática: consistem em um importante recurso que auxiliará na adesão de manejo da sede.

ABSTRACT Objective to develop and validate images with educational messages for mobile phones to help with the management of preoperative thirst. Methods methodological study, carried out in three phases: 1) collection of information from patients with preoperative thirst; 2) development of images with educational messages; 3) evidence of the validity of the content and appearance of the images by the experts. The Content Validity Index was calculated and the binomial test was applied. Results a total of 27 images were produced with educational messages for mobile phones that provide information on thirst, its signs and symptoms, causal factors, methods used to relieve it, and its mechanisms of action. The overall content validity index was 0.96 and the overall appearance validity index was 0.94. Conclusion images with educational messages for mobile phones are validated in content and appearance. Contributions to practice: are an important resource that will help in the adherence of thirst management.

Validación clínica de la propuesta diagnóstica de enfermería de sed perioperatoria / Clinical validation of the nursing diagnostic proposition perioperative thirst / Validação clínica da proposição diagnóstica de enfermagem sede perioperatória

Objetivo: verificar la validez clínica de la proposición de un nuevo diagnóstico de enfermería denominado sed perioperatoria, basado en la precisión diagnóstica de sus indicadores clínicos, incluyendo la magnitud del efecto de sus factores etiológicos. Método: estudio de validación clínica diagnóstica con 150 pacientes quirúrgicos en un hospital universitario. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados con la sed. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de clases latentes. Resultados: se propusieron dos modelos de clases latentes para las características definitorias. El modelo ajustado en el preoperatorio incluía: labios resecos, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, ganas de beber agua, informe del cuidador, garganta seca y deglución constante de saliva. En el postoperatorio: sequedad de garganta, saliva espesa, lengua espesa, constante deglución de saliva, ganas de beber agua, mal gusto en la boca. Los factores relacionados "temperatura ambiente elevada" y "sequedad de boca" se asocian a la presencia de sed, así como las condiciones asociadas "uso de anticolinérgicos" e "intubación". La prevalencia de sed fue del 62,6% en el preoperatorio y del 50,2% en el postoperatorio inmediato. Conclusión: la proposición diagnóstica de la sed perioperatoria mostró buenos parámetros de precisión de sus indicadores clínicos y efectos etiológicos. Esta propuesta en una taxonomía de enfermería permitirá una mayor visibilidad, apreciación y tratamiento de este síntoma.

Objective: to verify the clinical validity of the proposition of a new nursing diagnosis called perioperative thirst, based on the diagnostic accuracy of its clinical indicators, including the magnitude of effect of its etiological factors. Method: clinical diagnostic validation study with a total of 150 surgical patients at a university hospital. Sociodemographic variables and clinical indicators related to thirst were collected. The latent class analysis technique was used. Results: two models of latent classes were proposed for the defining characteristics. The model adjusted preoperatively included: dry lips, thick saliva, thick tongue, desire to drink water, caregiver report, dry throat and constant swallowing of saliva. In the postoperative period: dry throat, thick saliva, thick tongue, constant swallowing of saliva, desire to drink water, bad taste in the mouth. The factors related to "high ambient temperature" and "dry mouth" are associated with the presence of thirst, as well as the associated conditions "use of anticholinergics" and "intubation". The prevalence of thirst was 62.6% in the pre and 50.2% in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: the diagnostic proposition of perioperative thirst showed good accuracy parameters for its clinical indicators and etiological effects. This proposition in a nursing taxonomy will allow greater visibility, appreciation and treatment of this symptom.

Objetivo: verificar a validade clínica da proposição de um novo diagnóstico de enfermagem denominado sede perioperatória, com base na acurácia diagnóstica de seus indicadores clínicos, incluindo a magnitude de efeito de seus fatores etiológicos. Método: estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica com 150 pacientes cirúrgicos em um hospital universitário. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas e indicadores clínicos relacionados à sede. Empregou-se a técnica de análise de classe latente. Resultados: dois modelos de classes latentes foram propostos para as características definidoras. O modelo ajustado no pré-operatório incluiu: lábios ressecados, saliva grossa, língua grossa, vontade de beber água, relato do cuidador, garganta seca e constante deglutição de saliva. No pós-operatório: garganta seca, saliva grossa, língua grossa, constante deglutição de saliva, vontade de beber água, gosto ruim na boca. Os fatores relacionados Temperatura do ambiente elevada e Boca seca estão associados à presença de sede, assim como as condições associadas Utilização de anticolinérgicos e Intubação. A prevalência de sede foi de 62,6% no pré-operatório e 50,2% no pós-operatório imediato. Conclusão: a proposição diagnóstica de sede perioperatória apresentou bons parâmetros de acurácia de seus indicadores clínicos e efeitos etiológicos. Essa proposição em uma taxonomia de enfermagem permitirá maior visibilidade, valorização e tratamento desse sintoma.

Use of a menthol popsicle in managing postoperative thirst in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: A randomized clinical trial.

Background and aim: Thirst is a real bother that most patients feel in the immediate postoperative period when they still need to fast. Many approaches regarding symptomatic relief strategies have been described in the literature, but strategies with cold water and/or menthol are effective in quenching thirst, as they act on pre-absorptive mechanisms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using menthol popsicles in relieving postoperative thirst in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Material and methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a quantitative approach. In all, 44 patients were evaluated in the immediate postoperative period of radical prostatectomy, with the intensity and discomfort of thirst being evaluated initially and subsequently. The study consisted of two groups: (1) the placebo group, popsicles without the addition of menthol substrates and (2) the experimental group, popsicles with the addition of 0.05% minty substrates. Results: The results demonstrate that the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were homogeneous at the α = 5% significance level, except the occupation variable. The test detected changes in the intensity and discomfort of thirst in relation to the pre- and post-intervention times for the primary outcome when the groups were analyzed separately and for the interaction of the group versus time, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Conclusion: It was possible to prove that both the menthol popsicle and the popsicle without the addition of menthol were effective in relieving postoperative thirst in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, but there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the two groups. Trial registration: The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8c3chr7).

Melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin shape social affective behavior via action in the insular cortex of rat.

RATIONALE: In a social context, individuals are able to detect external information from others and coordinate behavioral responses according to the situation, a phenomenon called social decision-making. Social decision-making is multifaceted, influenced by emotional and motivational factors like stress, sickness, and hunger. However, the neurobiological basis for motivational state competition and interaction is not well known. OBJECTIVE: We investigated possible neural mechanisms through which internal states could shape social behavior in a social affective preference (SAP) test. In the SAP test, experimental rats given a choice to interact with naïve or stressed conspecifics exhibit an age-dependent preference to interact with stressed juvenile conspecifics, but avoid stressed adult conspecifics. First, we assessed the effect of food and water deprivation on SAP behavior. Behavior in the SAP test requires the insular cortex, which receives input from the ingestion-related peptides melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). This study aimed to evaluate the role of LH and insular MCH and orexin in SAP test. METHODS: SAP tests were conducted in rats that were sated, food and water deprived or allowed 1 h of access to food and water after 14 h of deprivation (relieved condition). Separate cohorts of sated rats received cannula implants for microinjection of drugs to inhibit the LH or to block or stimulate MCH or orexin receptors in the insula prior to SAP tests or social interaction tests. RESULTS: Food and water deprivation prior to SAP tests with juvenile rats caused a shift in preference away from the stressed rat toward the naïve juveniles. Pharmacological inhibition of LH with muscimol (100 ng/side) abolished the preference for the juvenile-stressed conspecific, as well as the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. The blockade of MCH receptor 1or orexin receptors in the insular cortex with SNAP94847 (50 µM) or TCS1102 (1 µM), respectively, also abolished the preference for the stressed juvenile conspecific, but only the antagonism of orexin receptors was able to abolish the preference for the adult naïve conspecific. Microinjection of increasing doses (50 or 500 nM) of MCH or orexin-A in the insular cortex increased the interaction time in the one-on-one social interaction test with juvenile conspecifics; however, only the microinjection of orexin-A increased the interaction time with adult naïve conspecifics. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that lateral hypothalamus peptides shape the direction of social approach or avoidance via actions MCH and orexin neurotransmission in the insular cortex.

La sed ¿un mecanismo suficiente para lograr euhidratación?: una revisión narrativa / Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? a narrative review

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). La sed ¿un mecanismo suficiente para lograr euhidratación?: una revisión narrativa. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. El papel de la percepción de sed para mantener el balance hídrico ha sido ampliamente estudiado, tanto durante el ejercicio como después de este. Sin embargo, la forma de evaluarla y la eficacia de los instrumentos existentes son aún áreas que necesitan más investigación. El objetivo de esta revisión fue integrar, de forma general, la información disponible en la literatura sobre el funcionamiento del mecanismo de la sed como respuesta a la deshidratación durante y después del ejercicio. Se explican los mecanismos fisiológicos y las respuestas de estos durante y posterior al ejercicio; además, se describen los instrumentos disponibles en la literatura científica, sus debilidades y fortalezas, y se plantea una serie de preguntas que aún no tienen respuesta en el área. En esta revisión se presenta el aspecto teórico de los mecanismos de la sed, además, se discuten los estudios científicos que respaldan o refutan el comportamiento de estos mecanismos en el ejercicio. Finalmente, se hace un resumen de las principales conclusiones extraídas de la literatura científica sobre la sed como un mecanismo suficiente para prevenir la deshidratación tanto durante como después del ejercicio.

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? a narrative review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. The role of thirst perception for keeping hydric balance, both during and after exercise, has been extensively studied. However, the way to assess it and the effectiveness of the existing instruments are areas that still require further research. The objective of this review is to integrate, in a general way, the information available in the literature on the functioning of the thirst mechanism as a response to dehydration during and after exercise. The physiological mechanisms and their responses during and after exercise are explained. In addition, a description of the instruments available in scientific literature is included, together with their weaknesses and strengths, and a series of as yet unanswered questions in this area are raised. This review presents the theoretical aspect of thirst mechanisms, and discusses the scientific studies that support or refute the behavior of these mechanisms in exercise. Finally, a summary is made of the major conclusions drawn from the scientific literature on thirst as a sufficient mechanism to prevent dehydration both during and after exercise.

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). A sede é um mecanismo suficiente para alcançar a hidratação? uma revisão narrativa. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. O papel da percepção da sede na manutenção do equilíbrio hídrico tem sido amplamente estudado, tanto durante quanto após o exercício. Entretanto, como avaliá-la e a eficácia dos instrumentos existentes ainda são áreas que necessitam de mais pesquisas. Esta revisão visou integrar, de forma geral, as informações disponíveis na literatura sobre o funcionamento do mecanismo da sede em resposta à desidratação durante e após o exercício. Ele explica os mecanismos fisiológicos e suas respostas durante e após o exercício, descreve os instrumentos disponíveis na literatura científica, seus pontos fracos e fortes, e levanta uma série de questões que permanecem sem resposta no campo. Esta revisão apresenta o aspecto teórico dos mecanismos da sede e discute os estudos científicos que respaldam ou refutam o comportamento desses mecanismos no exercício. Finalmente, é feito um resumo das principais conclusões extraídas da literatura científica sobre a sede como mecanismo suficiente para prevenir a desidratação tanto durante quanto após o exercício.

Process of implementing thirst management in surgical burned patients, based on knowledge translation / Proceso de implementación del manejo de la sed en pacientes quirúrgicos con quemaduras, sobre la base de knowledge translation / Processo de implantação do manejo da sede no paciente queimado cirúrgico embasado no knowledge translation

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the path taken to implement the Thirst Management Model using the Knowledge Translation Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality intervention in a Burn unit. Method: an experience report on the implementation, which took place in two stages: Preparation; and Implementation/Change, both requiring a sequence of steps. Results: the implementation was performed in four cycles of the PDSA improvement tool. All had the same indicator collected, with increasing goals to be attained. Considering the barriers identified, multiple combined Knowledge Translation strategies were used, namely: posters; theoretical and practical training sessions, individual or in group; videos; dynamics; music; logo development for implementation visibility; audit and feedback; and didactic and illustrated clinical protocols. Conclusion: the report of the entire implementation process using the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality intervention, pointing out its weaknesses and strengths, proves to be useful, necessary and innovative. This study may assist in future evidence-based implementations that choose to use multifaceted interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: informar el camino recorrido para implementar el Modelo de Manejo de la Sed recurriendo a la intervención Knowledge Translation llamada Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (Práctica Basada en Evidencia para Mejorar la Calidad) en una unidad especializada en Quemaduras. Método: informe de experiencia sobre la implementación, que tuvo lugar en dos etapas: Preparación e Implantación/cambio, ambas obedeciendo una secuencia de pasos para su realización. Resultados: la implementación se realizó en cuatro ciclos de la herramienta de mejoras PDSA. En todos los ciclos se recolectó el mismo indicador, con metas crecientes por alcanzar. Considerando las barreras identificadas, se utilizaron múltiples estrategias combinadas de Knowledge Translation, a saber: posters; sesiones de capacitación teóricas y prácticas, individuales o en grupo, videos, dinámicas, música, desarrollo de un logotipo para conferir visibilidad a la implementación; auditoría y feedback; y protocolos clínicos didácticos e ilustrados. Conclusión: el informe de la totalidad del proceso de implementación recurriendo a la intervención Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality, incluso señalando sus debilidades y puntos fuertes, demuestra que es útil, necesaria e innovadora. Este estudio pode auxiliar futuras implementaciones de evidencias que decidan utilizar intervenciones multifacéticas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar o caminho percorrido para a implantação do Modelo de Manejo da Sede com o uso da intervenção de Knowledge Translation Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (Prática Baseada em Evidência para a Melhoria do Processo de Qualidade) em uma unidade de queimados. Método: Relato de experiência sobre a implantação que ocorreu em duas etapas: Preparação e Implantação/ mudança, ambas obedecendo uma sequência de passos para sua realização. Resultados: A implementação foi realizada em quatro ciclos da ferramenta de melhoria PDSA. Todos tiveram o mesmo indicador coletado, com metas crescentes a serem alcançadas. Considerando as barreiras identificadas, utilizaram-se múltiplas estratégias combinadas de Knowledge Translation: cartazes, capacitações teóricas e práticas, individuais ou em grupo, vídeos, dinâmicas, músicas, desenvolvimento de logo para visibilidade da implantação, auditoria e feedback, protocolos clínicos didáticos e ilustrados. Conclusão: O relato de todo o processo de implantação com o uso da intervenção Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality, apontando suas fragilidades e fortalezas, mostra-se útil, necessária e inovador. Este estudo pode auxiliar futuras implantações de evidências que escolham utilizar intervenções multifacetadas.

Avaliação da intensidade e do desconforto da sede de pacientes em pós-operatório imediato* / Evaluación de la intensidad y malestar de la sed en pacientes en el postoperatorio inmediato / Assessment of the intensity and discomfort of the thirst of patients in the immediate postoperative period

Objetivo: avaliar a intensidade e o desconforto provocados pela sede em pacientes em pós-operatório imediato. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, desenvolvido com pacientes internados na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica de um hospital público paranaense. Avaliaram-se indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com cognitivo preservado, internados de junho de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. A intensidade e o desconforto da sede foram mensurados por escalas específicas. Resultados: avaliaram-se 150 pacientes, com média de 43,9 anos. A maioria era do sexo masculino (65,3%), sem comorbidades (68,7%), submetida à raquianestesia (58%) e cirurgia ortopédica (59,3%), com soroterapia em curso (92,7%). O tempo médio de cirurgia foi 1,5 hora e 14,6 horas de jejum; 72,7% da amostra verbalizou sede, sendo que 37,6% queixaram-se de forma espontânea. Conclusão: os participantes de pesquisa apresentaram intensidade (6,6) e desconforto (7,6) moderados de sede no pós-operatório, tornando-se necessário discutir protocolos institucionais de intervenção para diminuir tal evento.

Objective: to evaluate the intensity and discomfort caused by thirst in patients in the immediate postoperative period. Method: exploratory-descriptive study developed with patients hospitalized in the post-anesthetic recovery room of a public hospital in Paraná. Individuals over 18 years of age, of both sexes, with preserved cognitive function, hospitalized from June 2021 to January 2022, were evaluated. Thirst intensity and discomfort were measured by specific scales. Results: 150 patients were evaluated, with a mean of 43.9 years. Most were male (65.3%), without comorbidities (68.7%), underwent spinal anesthesia (58%) and orthopedic surgery (59.3%), with ongoing serotherapy (92.7%). The mean surgery time was 1.5 hours and 14.6 hours of fasting; 72.7% of the sample verbalized thirst, and 37.6% complained spontaneously. Conclusion: the research participants presented moderate intensity (6.6) and discomfort (7.6) of thirst in the postoperative period, making it necessary to discuss institutional intervention protocols to reduce such event.

Objetivo: evaluar la intensidad y el malestar causado por la sed en pacientes en el postoperatorio inmediato. Método: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, desarrollado con pacientes internados en la sala de recuperación postanestésica de un hospital público de Paraná. Se evaluaron personas mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, con habilidades cognitivas conservadas, hospitalizadas entre junio de 2021 y enero de 2022. Se midió la intensidad y el malestar de la sed mediante escalas específicas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 150 pacientes, con una edad media de 43,9 años. La mayoría eran hombres (65,3%), sin comorbilidades (68,7%), con anestesia espinal (58%) y cirugía ortopédica (59,3%), con sueroterapia en curso (92,7%). El tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 1,5 horas y 14,6 horas de ayuno; El 72,7% de la muestra verbalizó sed, con un 37,6% quejándose espontáneamente. Conclusión: los participantes de la investigación presentaron moderada intensidad (6,6) y malestar (7,6) de la sed en el postoperatorio, siendo necesario discutir protocolos de intervención institucional para la reducción de ese evento.

Prevalência das características definidoras da proposição diagnóstica de enfermagem de sede perioperatória / Prevalence of defining characteristics of the proposed nursing diagnosis of perioperative thirst / Prevalencia de características definitorias de la propuesta diagnóstica de enfermería de sed perioperatoria

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência das características definidoras da proposição diagnóstica sede perioperatória, comparando-as no período pré e pós-operatório imediato. Método: estudo quantitativo realizado em um hospital universitário de grande porte no norte do Paraná, no período de dezembro de 2019 à janeiro de 2020, com 150 pacientes. Resultados: A média do tempo de jejum foi de 13 horas (±5:11). Apresentaram sede no pré-operatório 69,3% dos pacientes e 81,3% no pós-operatório; intensidade média de 4,62 (±3,6) e 5,67 (±3,53). A característica definidora mais relatada nos dois períodos foi boca seca (75,3%-86,7%), seguida por lábios ressecados (71,3%-82,7%); vontade de beber água (64%-72,7%); constante deglutição de saliva (62,7%-70%); garganta seca (58%-72%); saliva grossa (48,7%-53,4%); língua grossa (46%-54,7%); gosto ruim na boca (41%-46%); relato do cuidador (0,7%-0%). Conclusão: houve alta prevalência e intensidade da sede em ambos os períodos avaliados; cinco das nove características definidoras apresentaram diferença significativa entre os dois momentos avaliados.

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of defining characteristics of the proposed diagnosis perioperative thirst, as compared between the pre- and immediate postoperative period. Method: this quantitative study was conducted with 150 patients at a large university hospital in northern Paraná, from December 2019 to January 2020. Results: mean fasting time was 13 hours (±5:11). 69.3% of the patients presented thirst preoperatively and 81.3%, in the postoperative period; mean intensity was 4.62 (±3.6) and 5.67 (±3.53). The most frequently reported defining characteristic in both periods was dry mouth (75.3%- 86.7%), followed by dry lips (71.3%-82.7%); desire to drink water (64%-72.7%); constant swallowing of saliva (62.7%-70%); dry throat (58%-72%); thick saliva (48.7%-53.4%); thick tongue (46%-54.7%); bad taste in the mouth (41%-46%); caregiver's report (0.7%-0%). Conclusion: prevalence and intensity of thirst were high in both periods evaluated; five of the nine defining characteristics differed significantly between the periods.

Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de las características definitorias de la propuesta diagnóstica sed perioperatoria, comparándolas en el periodo pre y postoperatorio inmediato. Método: estudio cuantitativo realizado em un hospital universitario de gran porte en el norte de Paraná, de diciembre de 2019 a enero de 2020 junto a 150 pacientes. Resultados: el tiempo medio de ayunas fue de 13 horas (±5:11). El 69,3% de los pacientes presentó sed en el preoperatorio y el 81,3% en el postoperatorio; la intensidad media fue de 4,62 (±3,6) y 55,67 (±3,53). La característica definitoria notificada con mayor frecuencia en ambos períodos fue boca seca (75,3%-86,7%), seguida de labios resecos (71,3% - 82,7%); deseo de tomar agua (64% - 72,7%); deglución constante de saliva (62,7%-70%); garganta seca (58%-72%); saliva espesa (48,7%-53,4%); lengua gruesa (46%-54,7%); sabor desagradable en la boca (41%-46%); informe del cuidador (0,7%-0%) Conclusión: hubo alta prevalencia e intensidad de sed en ambos periodos evaluados; cinco de las nueve características definitorias mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los dos momentos evaluados.

Post-Exercise Voluntary Drinking Cessation Is Associated with the Normalization of Plasma Osmolality and Thirst Perception, but Not of Urine Indicators or Net Fluid Balance.

Post-exercise rehydration has been widely studied, with particular emphasis on retention of ingested fluid; comparatively little research has been conducted on why we drink more or less. To identify physiological values corresponding to voluntary drinking cessation (VDC), nine males exercised intermittently at 70−80% HRmax in the heat (WBGT = 28.1 ± 0.7 °C) to achieve a dehydration of approximately 4.0% body mass (BM). After exercise, participants were instructed to drink water as long and as much as they needed. Urine color (Ucolor), specific gravity (USG), osmolality (Uosm), plasma osmolality (Posm), fullness, BM, and thirst perception (TP) were measured pre- and post-exercise and at VDC. Each variable was compared for the three points in time with a one-way ANOVA. Participants reached dehydration of −3.6 ± 0.3% BM. Pre-exercise USG (1.022 ± 0.004) was lower than at VDC (1.029 ± 0.004, p = 0.022), Uosm did not change over time (p = 0.217), and Ucolor was lower pre-exercise (3.4 ± 0.7) vs. post-exercise (5.5 ± 1.23, p = 0.0008) and vs. VDC (6.3 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001). Posm showed a difference between pre-exercise (289.5 ± 2.3) and post-exercise (297.8 ± 3.9, p = 0.0006) and between post-exercise and VDC (287.3 ± 5.4, p < 0.0001). TP post-exercise (96.4 ± 4.34) was significantly higher than pre-exercise (36.2 ± 19.1) and VDC (25.0 ± 18.2, p < 0.0001). At VDC, participants had recovered 58.7 ± 12.1% of BM loss. At the point of voluntary drinking cessation, Posm and thirst perception had returned to their pre-exercise values, while rehydration relative to initial BM was still incomplete.

Comparison of dipsogenic responses of adult rat offspring as a function of different perinatal programming models.

The perinatal environment interacts with the genotype of the developing organism resulting in a unique phenotype through a developmental or perinatal programming phenomenon. However, it remains unclear how this phenomenon differentially affects particular targets expressing specific drinking responses depending on the perinatal conditions. The main goal of the present study was to compare the dipsogenic responses induced by different thirst models as a function of two perinatal manipulation models, defined by the maternal free access to hypertonic sodium solution and a partial aortic ligation (PAL-W/Na) or a sham-ligation (Sham-W/Na). The programmed adult offspring of both perinatal manipulated models responded similarly when was challenged by overnight water dehydration or after a sodium depletion showing a reduced water intake in comparison to the non-programmed animals. However, when animals were evaluated after a body sodium overload, only adult Sham-W/Na offspring showed drinking differences compared to PAL and control offspring. By analyzing the central neurobiological substrates involved, a significant increase in the number of Fos + cells was found after sodium depletion in the subfornical organ of both programmed groups and an increase in the number of Fos + cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus was only observed in adult depleted PAL-W/Na. Our results suggest that perinatal programming is a phenomenon that differentially affects particular targets which induce specific dipsogenic responses depending on matching between perinatal programming conditions and the osmotic challenge in the latter environment. Probably, each programmed-drinking phenotype has a particular set point to elicit specific repertoires of mechanisms to reestablish fluid balance.

Lactate inhibited sodium intake in dehydrated rats.

Recent studies have suggested that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are involved in balanced hydromineral modulation. In response to increased extracellular Na+ concentration, astrocytic Nax channels are activated, promoting lactate production and release. Furthermore, previous in vitro studies have suggested that lactate and hypertonic Na + solution activate SFO GABAergic neurons involved in the salt-appetite central pathways. Here, we evaluated the role of lactate in dehydration-induced sodium and water intake. To this end, intracerebroventricular microinjection (icv) of l-lactate or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA, MCT lactate transporter inhibitor) was performed in rats subjected to 48 h of water deprivation (WD) and 1 h of partial rehydration after 48 h of WD (WD-PR). The rehydration protocol was used to distinguish the mechanisms of thirst and sodium appetite induced by WD. Then, water and sodium (0.3 M NaCl) intake were evaluated for 2 h. Our results showed that central α-CHCA induced an increase in sodium preference in WD rats. Furthermore, central lactate increased water intake but reduced sodium intake in WD-PR animals. In contrast, central lactate transporter inhibition did not change water or sodium intake in WD-PR rats. Our results suggest that lactate is involved in inhibitory mechanisms that induce sodium intake avoidance in dehydrated rats.

Jejum pós-operatório prolongado: um problema negligenciado / Ayuno postoperatorio prolongado: un problema negligenciado / Prolonged postoperative fasting: a neglected problem

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o tempo de jejum e tipo de dieta prescrita para reintrodução alimentar no pós-operatório de diferentes especialidades cirúrgicas. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, documental e descritivo dos prontuários de pacientes cirúrgicos, com amostra randomizada e estratificada de 464 pacientes, realizado em hospital universitário público de grande porte no Paraná. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, apresentando medidas de tendência central e seus intervalos de confiança. Resultados: a média de jejum pós-operatório foi de 9:54h (DP: 6:89), variando de 8 a 30 horas. As clínicas que apresentaram maior tempo de jejum foram cirurgia cardíaca, cirurgia torácica e neurocirurgia, com médias de 18:25h, 14:45h e 12:22h, respectivamente. Quanto à prescrição de dieta no pós-operatório imediato, 51,3% dos pacientes receberam dieta geral, 15,3% dieta leve e 11,9% mantiveram jejum nas primeiras 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: o tempo de jejum encontrado nessa instituição excede as atuais recomendações de protocolos nacionais e internacionais, o que implica aumento de desconfortos para o paciente cirúrgico, como sede, fome e estresse, além da insatisfação com o serviço prestado pela equipe de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el tiempo de ayuno y tipo de dieta prescrita para la reintroducción alimentaria postoperatoria de diferentes especialidades quirúrgicas. Método: estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, documental y descriptivo de historias clínicas de pacientes quirúrgicos, con una muestra aleatorizada y estratificada de 464 pacientes, realizada en un gran hospital universitario público de Paraná. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo, presentando medidas de tendencia central y sus intervalos de confianza. Resultados: el ayuno postoperatorio medio fue de 9: 54h (DP: 6:89), con un rango de 8 a 30 horas. Las clínicas que mostraron mayor tiempo de ayuno fueron cirugía cardíaca, cirugía torácica y neurocirugía, con medias de 18: 25h, 14: 45h y 12: 22h, respectivamente. En cuanto a la prescripción de dieta en el postoperatorio inmediato, el 51,3% de los pacientes recibió dieta general, el 15,3% dieta ligera y el 11,9% ayuno durante las primeras 24 horas posteriores al procedimiento quirúrgico. Conclusión: el tiempo de ayuno encontrado en esta institución supera las recomendaciones vigentes de los protocolos nacionales e internacionales, lo que implica un aumento de las molestias para el paciente quirúrgico, como sed, hambre y estrés, además de insatisfacción con el servicio brindado por el equipo de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the fasting time and type of the diet prescribed for the food reintroduction during the postoperative period of different surgical specialties. Method: this is a quantitative, retrospective, documentary, and descriptive study with medical records of surgical patients. The study had a randomized and stratified sample with 464 patients carried out in a large public university hospital in Paraná. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis, presenting measures of central tendency and their confidence intervals. Results: the mean post-operative fasting was 9:54 hours (SD: 6:89), ranging from 8 to 30 hours. The cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, and neurosurgery were the clinics that presented the longest fasting time with averages of 18:25, 14:45, and 12:22 hours, respectively. Regarding the diet prescription in the immediate postoperative period, 51.3% of the patients received a general diet, 15.3% a light diet, and 11.9% fasted for the first 24 hours after the surgical procedure. Conclusion: the fasting time found in this institution exceeds the current recommendations of national and international protocols, showing an increase in discomfort for the surgical patient such as thirst, hunger, and stress, in addition to dissatisfaction with the service provided by the health team.

Manejo da sede: perspectiva do paciente cirúrgico queimado / Thirst management: perspective of burnt surgical patient

Objetivo: explorar a percepção de um paciente cirúrgico queimado em relação à sede e seu manejo no período pré-operatório e pós-operatório imediato. Relato de caso: trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso. Os critérios de inclusão foram: paciente estar internado no centro de tratamento de queimados, ser submetido a procedimento cirúrgico ou balneoterapia, ter experenciado a sede no período pré-operatório ou pós-operatório e ter recebido o manejo da sede. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, gravada e transcrita. Paciente do sexo feminino, de 32 anos, admitida com queimaduras de segundo grau em extensão de tórax, membros superiores e pescoço por tentativa de autoextermínio com álcool. Passou por seis procedimentos e esteve internada por 15 dias até o momento da coleta. Experienciou o desconforto sede durante o jejum pré-operatório e pós-operatório, considerado intenso e muito estressante durante sua internação. Conclusão: a partir da identificação do desconforto sede, utilizou-se como estratégia o picolé de gelo, que fez diferença em seu tratamento. O modelo de manejo da sede é pioneiro no cuidado ao paciente queimado e apresenta benefícios para minorar a sede.

Objective: explore thirst perception of a burnt surgical patient and its management in the preoperative and immediate postoperative period. Case report: study with a qualitative and exploratory approach, named as case study. Inclusion criteria were: inpatient at burnt treatment unit, undergone surgical procedure or balneotherapy, experienced thirst in the preoperative or postoperative period and received thirst management. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were performed, recorded and transcribed. Female patient, 32 years old, admitted with second degree burns in extension of thorax, upper limbs and neck due to attempted self-extermination with alcohol. Underwent six procedures and was hospitalized for 15 days until the data collection. Experienced thirst discomfort during preoperative and postoperative fasting, which was considered intense and very stressful during his hospitalization. Conclusion: since the identification of thirst discomfort, the ice popsicle was used as a strategy, which made difference in her treatment. The thirst management model is pioneer in care of burnt patients and has benefits to alleviate thirst.

Implementation of the thirst management model in the burn unit guided by knowledge translation / Implementación del modelo de gestión de la sed en la unidad de quemados guiada por laknowledge translation / Implantação do modelo de manejo da sede na unidade de queimados norteada pelo knowledge translation

ABSTRACT Objective: To implement the preoperative Thirst Management Model, measuring its adoption, coverage, acceptability, feasibility and fidelity by nursing in a burn unit. Method: Quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test intervention study. Sample of 59 patients at pre-implementation and 40 post-implementation and 36 nursing professionals participating in the implementation in a burn unit from August (2019) to March (2020). Statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney and Chi-square. Results: Adoption of management ranged from 0.0% to 72.5% post-implementation. The capacity coverage was 87.5% of nurses and 87.9% of nursing technicians. There was acceptability and feasibility of thirst management by professionals. In the plan-do-study-act cycles, three pillars of the Model reached the goals, showing fidelity. Conclusion: The implantation of the Preoperative Thirst Management Model had acceptability and feasibility by the nursing team, showing fidelity in achieving the proposed goals, in addition to the adoption of evidence in clinical practice after high coverage professional training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Implementar el Modelo de Gestión de la Sed Preoperatoria, midiendo su adopción, cobertura, aceptabilidad, factibilidad y fidelidad por parte de enfermería en una unidad de quemados. Método: Estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental, pre- y post-test. Muestra de 59 pacientes en la pre-implementación y 40 en la post-implementación y 36 profesionales de enfermería participantes en la implementación en un centro de quemados desde agosto (2019) hasta marzo (2020). El análisis estadístico utilizó Mann-Whitney y Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: La adopción de la gestión osciló entre el 0,0% y el 72,5% después de la aplicación. La cobertura de la formación fue del 87,5% de los enfermeros y del 87,9% de los técnicos. Hubo aceptación y viabilidad de lagestión por parte de los profesionales. En los ciclos planear-hacer-estudiar-actuar tres de cuatro pilares del Modelo alcanzaron las metas, evidenciando fidelidad. Conclusión: La implantación del Modelo de Gestión de la Sed Preoperatoria fue aceptable y viable por el equipo de enfermería, demostrando fidelidad a la consecución de los objetivos propuestos, además de la adopción de evidencias en la práctica clínica tras alta cobertura de formación profesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: Implantar o Modelo de Manejo da Sede no pré-operatório mensurando a sua adoção, cobertura, aceitabilidade, viabilidade e fidelidade pela enfermagem em uma unidade de queimados. Método: Estudo de intervenção quase-experimental, pré e pós-teste. Amostra de 59 pacientes na pré-implantação e 40 pós-implantação e 36 profissionais de enfermagem participantes da implantação em um centro de queimados de agosto (2019) à março (2020). Análise estatística utilizou Mann-Whitney e Chi-quadrado. Resultados: Adoção do manejo variou de 0,0% para 72,5% pós-implantação. Cobertura da capacitação de 87,5% das enfermeiras e 87,9% dos técnicos de enfermagem. Houve aceitabilidade e viabilidade do manejo da sede pelos profissionais. Nos ciclos planejar-fazer-estudar-agir três dos quatro pilares do Modelo alcançaram as metas, evidenciando fidelidade. Conclusão: A implantação do Modelo de Manejo da Sede no pré-operatório teve aceitabilidade e viabilidade pela equipe de enfermagem, apresentando fidelidade pelo alcance das metas propostas, além da adoção da evidência na prática clínica após alta cobertura das capacitações dos profissionais.

Prevalência e intensidade da sede de crianças no pós-operatório imediato / Prevalencia e intensidad de la sed de niños en el posoperatorio inmediato / Prevalence and thirst intensity in children in the immediate postoperative period

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e intensidade da sede de crianças no pós-operatório imediato e seus fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal e analítico. A amostra consistiu-se de 78 crianças de quatro a doze anos em sala de recuperação anestésica no pós-operatório imediato. A presença de sede, bem como seus atributos e sinais foi identificada por questionamento da pesquisadora e/ou autorrelato da criança e seu cuidador. A intensidade de sede foi mensurada por meio da escala de faces. As variáveis desfecho foram presença e intensidade da sede. A razão de prevalência foi calculada por regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta. Resultados A prevalência de sede foi de 88,5% sendo que 39,7% referiram sede no pós-operatório e 48,7% desde o pré-operatório. Quanto à intensidade, 20,5% referiram sede forte e 37,2 % sede intensa. Adicionalmente, mais da metade das crianças (59%) a verbalizou de forma espontânea. Os fatores associados à maior intensidade da sede foram: sexo feminino (RP=1,27); queixa espontânea (RP=1,29); referir sensação de boca seca (RP=1,93) e de saliva grossa (RP=1,43); a idade apresentou associação inversa com a intensidade da sede, ou seja, quanto menor a idade, maior a intensidade da sede (beta= -0,053; p=0,01). Conclusão A sede na criança cirúrgica apresenta elevada prevalência e intensidade. A criança é capaz de identificar os sinais relacionados à sede e a verbaliza espontaneamente. Sexo, queixa espontânea, idade, boca seca e saliva grossa apresentaram associação com a intensidade. Estes resultados sinalizam a necessidade de intervenções intencionais para reduzir a sede da criança na prática clínica.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia e intensidad de la sed de niños en el posoperatorio inmediato y los factores asociados. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico. La muestra fue formada por 78 niños de 4 a 12 años en sala de recuperación anestésica en el posoperatorio inmediato. La presencia de sed, así como sus atributos y señales, fue identificada mediante cuestionario de la investigadora o autorrelato del niño y su cuidador. La intensidad de la sed fue medida mediante escala de expresiones faciales. Las variables de resultado fueron presencia e intensidad de la sed. La razón de prevalencia fue calculada por regresión de Poisson, con varianza robusta. Resultados La prevalencia de sed fue del 88,5 %, de los cuales el 39,7 % relató sed en el posoperatorio y el 48,7 % desde el preoperatorio. Con relación a la intensidad, el 20,5 % relató sed fuerte y el 37,2 % sed intensa. Además, más de la mitad de los niños (59 %) la verbalizó de forma espontánea. Los factores asociados con una mayor intensidad de sed fueron: sexo femenino (RP=1,27), queja espontánea (RP=1,29), relatar sensación de boca seca (RP=1,93) y de saliva espesa (RP=1,43), la edad presentó asociación inversa respecto a la intensidad de la sed, es decir, cuanto menor la edad, mayor la intensidad de la sed (beta= -0,053; p=0,01). Conclusión La sed en niños quirúrgicos presenta una elevada prevalencia e intensidad. Los niños son capaces de identificar las señales relacionadas con la sed y la verbalizan espontáneamente. Sexo, queja espontánea, edad, boca seca y saliva espesa presentan asociación con la intensidad. Estos resultados indican la necesidad de intervenciones intencionales para reducir la sed de los niños en la práctica clínica.

Abstract Objective To identify the prevalence and thirst intensity in children in the immediate postoperative period and its associated factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample consisted of 78 children aged four to twelve years in the post-anesthesia care unit in the immediate postoperative period. Thirst presence, as well as its attributes and signs, were identified by questioning by the researcher and/or self-report of children and their caregivers. Thirst intensity was measured using the face scale. The outcome variables were thirst presence and intensity. Prevalence ratio was calculated by Poisson regression, with robust variance. Results The prevalence of thirst was 88.5%, with 39.7% reporting thirst in the postoperative period and 48.7% since the preoperative period. As for the intensity, 20.5% reported strong thirst and 37.2% intense thirst. Additionally, more than half of the children (59%) reported it spontaneously. The factors associated with greater thirst intensity were: female sex (PR=1.27); spontaneous complaint (PR=1.29); reporting feeling of dry mouth (PR=1.93) and thick saliva (PR=1.43); age was inversely associated with thirst intensity, i.e., the younger the age, the greater the thirst intensity (beta= -0.053; p=0.01). Conclusion Thirst in surgical children has a high prevalence and intensity. Children are able to identify the signs related to thirst and spontaneously reports it. Sex, spontaneous complaints, age, dry mouth and thick saliva were associated with intensity. These results signal the need for intentional interventions to reduce child thirst in clinical practice.

Strategies for thirst management in postoperative adult patients: a scoping review / Estrategias para el manejo de la sed de pacientes adultos en posoperatorio: revisión de ámbito / Estratégias para o manejo da sede de pacientes adultos em pós operatório: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the strategies for managing thirst in postoperative adult patients. Methods: scoping review was conducted in October 2021 in 19 data sources: 14 databases and 5 platforms to search in the grey literature. It was prepared according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the checklist of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Nine selected articles were part of the final sample. Results: there is evidence of strategies to manage postoperative thirst using interventions such as water, ice, mentholated measures, carbohydrate and protein enriched fluid, oral hydrator, flavored gargling, cold gargling, wet gauze, 0.75% citric acid spray, and cold water. Final Considerations: the strategies observed may be reduced to cold and menthol use, salivary stimulants, and early introduction of fluids. The outcomes were positive in all the studies reviewed.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear estrategias para el manejo de la sed de pacientes adultos en posoperatorio. Métodos: revisión de ámbito realizada en octubre de 2021, en 19 fuentes de datos, siendo 14 bancos de datos y 5 plataformas para investigación de literatura gris. Fue elaborada conforme las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y del checklist del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Fueron seleccionados nueve artículos para componer la muestra final del trabajo. Resultados: hay evidencias de estrategias para manejo de la sed posoperatoria utilizando intervenciones como: agua, hielo, medidas mentoladas, líquido enriquecido con carbohidrato y proteína, hidratante oral, gárgaras de olor, gárgaras frío, gasa húmeda, spray de ácido cítrico a 0,75% y agua fría. Consideraciones Finales: las estrategias vistas pueden ser resumidas en uso del frio y del mentol, estimulantes salivares e introducción precoz de líquidos. Los desfechos fueron positivos en todos los estudios elucidados.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear as estratégias para o manejo da sede de pacientes adultos em pós-operatório. Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada em outubro de 2021, em 19 fontes de dados, sendo 14 bancos de dados e 5 plataformas para pesquisa de literatura cinzenta. Foi elaborada conforme as recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e do checklist do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Foram selecionados nove artigos para compor a amostra final do trabalho. Resultados: há evidências de estratégias para manejo da sede pós-operatória utilizando intervenções como: água, gelo, medidas mentoladas, líquido enriquecido com carboidrato e proteína, hidratante oral, gargarejo de aroma, gargarejo frio, gaze úmida, spray de ácido cítrico a 0,75% e água fria. Considerações Finais: as estratégias vistas podem ser resumidas em uso do frio e do mentol, estimulantes salivares e introdução precoce de líquidos. Os desfechos foram positivos em todos os estudos elucidados.

Effects of carbohydrate use on preoperative thirst: a randomized clinical trial / Efectos de la utilización del carbohidrato sobre la sed en el preoperatorio: ensayo clínico randomizado / Efeitos da utilização do carboidrato sobre a sede no pré-operatório: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of carbohydrate popsicles, carbohydrate solution, and usual care (fasting) on the intensity and discomfort of preoperative thirst. Methods: a randomized clinical trial with 60 preoperative patients aged between 18 and 60 years, randomized into three groups: control (fasting), carbohydrate solution (100 ml), and carbohydrate popsicle (100 ml). The outcomes were thirst intensity and discomfort. Results: there was a difference between groups for final thirst intensity (p = 0.01) and final thirst discomfort (p = 0.001). The effect size for both the Solution Group and the Popsicle Group was robust: 0.99 and 1.14, respectively. Conclusions: the groups that received the carbohydrate fasting abbreviation showed a reduction in thirst discomfort compared to the control group. The carbohydrate popsicle proved more effective in reducing the intensity of thirst. NCT: 3.209.283

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar efectividad del polo de carbohidrato, solución de carbohidrato y cuidado usual (ayuno) sobre la intensidad e incomodidad de sed en el preoperatorio. Métodos: ensayo clínico randomizado, con 60 pacientes en el preoperatorio, edad entre 18 y 60 años, randomizados en tres grupos: control (ayuno); solución de carbohidrato (100 ml); polo de carbohidrato (100 ml). Los desfechos fueron la intensidad e incomodidad de sed. Resultados: hubo diferencia entre los grupos cuanto a la intensidad final de sed (p = 0,01) e incomodidad final de sed (p = 0,001). El tamaño del efecto tanto para el Grupo Solución cuanto para el Grupo Polo fue fuerte: 0,99 y 1,14, respectivamente. Conclusiones: los grupos que recibieron la abreviación del ayuno con carbohidrato presentaron reducción en la incomodidad de sed cuando comparados al grupo-control. El polo de carbohidrato se mostró más efectivo en la reducción de la intensidad de la sed. NCT: 3.209.283

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a efetividade do picolé de carboidrato, solução de carboidrato e cuidado usual (jejum) sobre a intensidade e desconforto da sede no pré-operatório. Métodos: ensaio clínico randomizado, com 60 pacientes no pré-operatório, idade entre 18 e 60 anos, aleatorizados em três grupos: controle (jejum); solução de carboidrato (100 ml); picolé de carboidrato (100 ml). Os desfechos foram a intensidade e o desconforto da sede. Resultados: houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à intensidade final da sede (p = 0,01) e ao desconforto final da sede (p = 0,001). O tamanho do efeito tanto para o Grupo Solução quanto para o Grupo Picolé foi forte: 0,99 e 1,14, respectivamente. Conclusões: os grupos que receberam a abreviação do jejum com carboidrato apresentaram redução no desconforto da sede quando comparados ao grupo-controle. O picolé de carboidrato mostrou-se mais efetivo na redução da intensidade da sede. NCT: 3.209.283

Awareness of Fluid Losses Does Not Impact Thirst during Exercise in the Heat: A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study.

BACKGROUND: Thirst has been used as an indicator of dehydration; however, as a perception, we hypothesized that it could be affected by received information related to fluid losses. The purpose of this study was to identify whether awareness of water loss can impact thirst perception during exercise in the heat. METHODS: Eleven males participated in two sessions in random order, receiving true or false information about their fluid losses every 30 min. Thirst perception (TP), actual dehydration, stomach fullness, and heat perception were measured every 30 min during intermittent exercise until dehydrated by ~4% body mass (BM). Post exercise, they ingested water ad libitum for 30 min. RESULTS: Pre-exercise BM, TP, and hydration status were not different between sessions (p > 0.05). As dehydration progressed during exercise, TP increased significantly (p = 0.001), but it was the same for both sessions (p = 0.447). Post-exercise water ingestion was almost identical (p = 0.949) in the two sessions. CONCLUSION: In this study, thirst was a good indicator of fluid needs during exercise in the heat when no fluid was ingested, regardless of receiving true or false water loss information.

Effect of preoperative oral liquid carbohydrate intake on blood glucose, fasting-thirst, and fatigue levels: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the effects of preoperative oral intake of liquid carbohydrate on postoperative blood glucose, fasting-thirst, and fatigue levels in patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery. METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 82 patients, who were scheduled to undergo arthroscopic surgery, and divided them into two groups: (1) those who consumed a carbohydrate-rich drink, and (2) those not consuming anything after midnight. Pre- and postoperative fasting-thirst (visual analog scale) and blood glucose levels were measured. Likewise, the Brief Fatigue Inventory was applied to patients 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The mean blood glucose levels in the first postoperative hour were 90.90 ± 13.56 mg.dL-1 and 107.00 ± 15.84 mg.dL-1 in the intervention group and control group, respectively (p < 0.001). The postoperative mean thirst scores were 4.70 ± 1.59 and 6.36 ± 2.07 in the intervention group and control group, respectively (p < 0.001). Their corresponding postoperative mean fasting scores were 5.54 ± 1.76 and 5.86 ± 1.79 (p > 0.05) and the mean fatigue levels in the 24th postoperative hour were 4.80 ± 2.13 and 5.48 ± 1.46, respectively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral intake of liquid carbohydrate before spinal anesthesia was found to have positive effects on patients' postoperative blood glucose and thirst levels.