Balancing the benefits and risks of China's national salt iodization policy over 30 years using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can lead to thyroid-related disorders. Although China has made progress in eliminating iodine deficiency over the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing. Currently, there is a lack of relevant research on the tradeoff between the benefits and risks of salt iodization in China. In this study, we developed a method that combines the total probability algorithm and disease burden to evaluate the appropriate amount of salt iodization. Following the principle of minimizing the comprehensive disease burden and using the metabolic model of human iodine nutrition. Based on the average national iodine level in water, the optimal iodine content in Chinese salt is determined to be 17 mg/kg. However, iodine content in water is not evenly distributed in China. Approximately 3.23% of administrative villages have water iodine concentrations exceeding 80 ug/L, eliminating the need for iodine fortification in salt. Approximately 83.51% of administrative villages need to continue implementing the salt iodization policy, with the optimal iodine content in salt ranging from 15 to 18 mg/kg. In 13.16% of administrative villages, the iodine content in salt is determined based on the local water iodine concentration, ranging from 0 to 15 mg/kg. Our study cracks open a window of insight suggesting that the optimal iodine content for salt is lower than the existing benchmark dictated by the prevailing policy in China. Hence, there is an urgent need to refine and advance the iodine supplementation strategy in salt to pave the way for precision medicine and health-centric iodine supplementation strategies.

[Gender medicine: endocrine and neuroendocrine diseases : Implications for surgery and perioperative management]. / Gendermedizin: endokrine und neuroendokrine Erkrankungen : Besonderheiten für Chirurgie und perioperatives Management.

Gender medicine is also becoming increasingly more important in the field of surgery of endocrine and neuroendocrine diseases. Gender differences in the incidence, symptoms and disease progression are common to all (neuro)endocrine diseases. Understanding these special features, which include socioeconomic aspects as well as different anatomical and biological factors, is essential for the selection of optimal diagnostics and treatment but in some cases further scientific research is required. To date, there is a paucity of gender-specific recommendations in established guideline recommendations. There is an enormous potential in all areas of endocrine surgery to take advantage of differences between men and women in the diagnostics, surgical treatment and perioperative management. Individualized approaches could lead to improved surgical outcomes, reduced perioperative complications and improved follow-up.

Case of new-onset fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by autoimmune thyroid disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

There is growing evidence suggesting an association between severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and various extrapulmonary diseases since the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, case reports of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1D) following SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. We encountered a 44-year-old Japanese woman who developed FT1D accompanied by subclinical thyrotoxicosis caused by autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) approximately one week after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient developed fever and flu-like symptom 4 days before transportation and tested positive then for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-test. She subsequently developed sudden thirst, polyuria, and fatigue of 1 day duration and was urgently brought to our emergency room. Laboratory findings indicated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) without marked elevation of serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (glucose, 930 mg/dL; HbA1c, 7.4%). Her insulin secretory capacity was almost completely depleted, and islet-specific autoantibodies were negative. Endocrine examinations revealed subclinical thyrotoxicosis, which was positive for thyroid stimulation hormone receptor antibodies. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with FT1D accompanied by AITD and immediately started on intensive insulin therapy with a basal-bolus subcutaneous insulin regimen. Human leukocyte antigen analysis revealed haplotypes, indicating susceptibility to both FT1D and AITD. Further studies are required to elucidate the causal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, FT1D, and AITD. However, clinicians must be vigilant about possible development of FT1D and AITD to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with DKA during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Identification and functionalization of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) with different antigenic epitopes.

CONTEXT: One of the sensitive markers for autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) clinical identification is TRAb. To quickly distinguish TRAb with distinct antigenic epitopes, a straightforward and uncomplicated technique has not yet been created. OBJECTIVE: To search for molecular diagnostic targets for different types of AITD (Graves' disease (GD), Graves' orbitopathy (GO), GD with III degree goiter (GD(3)), Hypothyroidism combined with positive TRAb (HT(TRAb+))) as molecular diagnostic targets. METHODS: Following action on thyroid cells, differential genes (DEGs) generated by TRAb with distinct antigenic epitopes were detected and identified by RNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis, and RT-qPCR in the serum of AITD patients. Using the EdU assay, the effect of co-culturing thyroid cells with different antigenic TRAb epitopes on the cells' capacity to proliferate was investigated. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR validation identified one GD key gene (AHSG), two GO key genes (ADRA1D and H2BC18), two GD(3) key genes (SOCS1 and CYBB), and one HT (TRAb+) key gene (MASP2). Correlation analysis and ROC curves showed that the above genes could be used as molecular diagnostic targets for different types of AITD. Finally, EdU results showed that TRAb inhibited thyroid cell proliferation in the HT (TRAb+) group compared with the normal control group, while the remaining three groups promoted thyroid cell proliferation, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We identified six key genes for different types of AITD, which have diagnostic value for different types of AITD. Meanwhile, we found that TRAb of different antigenic epitopes in AITD have different biological functions.

Bidirectional Association between Periodontitis and Thyroid Disease: A Scoping Review.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Due to the development of chronic inflammation, periodontitis can contribute to the development of several systemic diseases, including thyroid disease. Thyroid pathology includes benign, malignant, and autoimmune conditions leading to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. Alterations in thyroid hormones, especially hypothyroidism, can reveal significant oral manifestations, including periodontitis. This scoping review aims to explore the probable causal relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The search strategy follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from January 2014 to January 2024, entering the MESH terms "periodontitis" and "thyroid". Of 153 initial records, 20 articles were selected and discussed. There is a high prevalence of periodontitis among patients with thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The causes at the basis of this association are genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines. Periodontal treatment, specifically scaling and root planning, can ameliorate thyroid parameters. Although there are a few randomized controlled studies in the literature, this review lays the foundation for a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, the link to which is, once again, systemic inflammation.

A novel maternal thyroid disease prediction using multi-scale vision transformer architecture with improved linguistic hedges neural-fuzzy classifier.

BACKGROUND: Early pregnancy thyroid function assessment in mothers is covered. The benefits of using load-specific reference ranges are well-established. OBJECTIVE: We pondered whether the categorization of maternal thyroid function would change if multiple blood samples obtained early in pregnancy were used. Even though binary classification is a common goal of current disease diagnosis techniques, the data sets are small, and the outcomes are not validated. Most current approaches concentrate on model optimization, focusing less on feature engineering. METHODS: The suggested method can predict increased protein binding, non-thyroid syndrome (NTIS) (simultaneous non-thyroid disease), autoimmune thyroiditis (compensated hypothyroidism), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (primary hypothyroidism). In this paper, we develop an automatic thyroid nodule classification system using a multi-scale vision transformer and image enhancement. Graph equalization is the chosen technique for image enhancement, and in our experiments, we used neural networks with four-layer network nodes. This work presents an enhanced linguistic coverage neuro-fuzzy classifier with chosen features for thyroid disease feature selection diagnosis. The training procedure is optimized, and a multi-scale vision transformer network is employed. Each hop connection in Dense Net now has trainable weight parameters, altering the architecture. Images of thyroid nodules from 508 patients make up the data set for this article. Sets of 80% training and 20% validation and 70% training and 30% validation are created from the data. Simultaneously, we take into account how the number of training iterations, network structure, activation function of network nodes, and other factors affect the classification outcomes. RESULTS: According to the experimental results, the best number of training iterations is 500, the logistic function is the best activation function, and the ideal network structure is 2500-40-2-1. CONCLUSION: K-fold validation and performance comparison with previous research validate the suggested methodology's enhanced effectiveness.

Impact of Thyroid Autoimmunity on the Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders that are characterized by the presence of organ-specific autoantibodies. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT) is the most frequent autoimmune disorder associated with T1DM. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) serve as a marker for diagnosing AIT. Prior research indicates that thyroid dysfunction can negatively impact linear growth and glycemic control in subjects with T1DM. The present study was done to determine the impact of thyroid autoimmunity on the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed T1DM. METHODS: In this single-center, hospital-based, observational cross-sectional study, we enrolled 70 patients with newly diagnosed T1DM ≤18 years of age. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed based on the acute onset of osmotic symptoms with or without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hyperglycemia (blood glucose >13.9 mmol/l (>250 mg/dl)), and insulin requirement from the onset of diabetes. Secondary diabetes, pancreatic diabetes (Type 3c), and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) were excluded. Participants were screened for AIT disease using TPOAb testing. Based on the presence or absence of TPOAb, the participants were categorized into two groups: Group A comprised individuals with T1DM who tested positive for TPOAb, while Group B consisted of those who tested negative for TPOAb. RESULTS: Out of 70 patients, 41.4% were girls and 58.6% were boys, with a mean age of 9.8±4.4 years. The prevalence of TPOAb among the cohort was 18.6%. A significant majority of patients (71.4%), presented with DKA. Group A showed significantly lower mean height standard deviation scores (SDS) compared to Group B (-0.3±0.6 vs. -0.8±0.5, p = 0.004), but no differences in weight SDS or BMI SDS. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels, C-peptide levels, and frequency of DKA did not differ between groups. Group A had higher mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (4.8±3.7 µU/ml vs. 2.6±1.5 µU/ml, p = 0.001) and a greater proportion of patients with TSH levels above the upper limit of normal compared to Group B (38.4% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.008). Additionally, Group A exhibited a higher frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) positivity compared to Group B (46.1% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Patients positive for TPOAb exhibited significantly lower height SDS compared to TPOAb-negative patients. Additionally, T1DM patients with TPOAb positivity showed an increased frequency of GADA compared to those without TPOAb. However, no significant differences were found in HbA1c levels, C-peptide levels, or hematological parameters between TPOAb-positive and TPOAb-negative patients. These findings emphasize the impact of TPOAb on growth parameters in T1DM and advocate for routine screening of TPOAb in all T1DM patients, starting at the time of diabetes diagnosis.

US-based, Prospective, Blinded Study of Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

CONTEXT: Bioassays provide information on the functionality of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) and thus may offer more clinical utility than binding assays. OBJECTIVE: In this prospective, blinded, US-based study, the clinical performance of several TSH-R-Ab assays was compared. SETTING: US endocrinology clinic. SUBJECTS: One hundred sixty-two unselected, consecutive, well-documented patients with various thyroid diseases and healthy controls. INTERVENTION(S): Blinded TSH-R-Ab measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sensitivity and specificity of 4 TSH-R-Ab assays. RESULTS: The 4 TSH-R-Ab assays were negative in all 42 patients without autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). In 104 patients with Graves' disease (GD), irrespective of the disease duration, TSH-R-Ab positivity was present in 65 (63%), 67 (65%), and 87 (84%) for the Cobas and Immulite binding assays and stimulatory TSH-R-Ab [thyroid-stimulating immunoglobin (TSI)] bioassay, respectively (TSI vs Immulite P < .0025, TSI vs Cobas P < .0009). Fifteen newly diagnosed GD patients were all positive in the TSI bioassay, but only 11 (73%) were positive in the Cobas and Immulite binding assays. Nine GD patients with biochemical subclinical hyperthyroidism were TSI-positive but Immulite- and Cobas-negative. Two GD patients were blocking TSH-R-Ab [thyroid-blocking immunoglobin (TBI)]-positive and TSI-negative, and the Immulite and Cobas were positive in both. Additional serum samples from AITD patients that consisted of 30 TBI-positive and 10 TSI-positive samples were blindly tested in the binding assays. Only 6 of the 10 TSI-positive samples were positive in both binding assays, and 30 and 28 of the TBI-positive samples were positive in the Cobas and Immulite assays, respectively. CONCLUSION: Binding TSH-R-Ab assays are less sensitive than TSI bioassays and are not specific for stimulating antibodies. Measuring the function of TSH-R-Ab in a bioassay can provide useful information to clinicians.

Neonatal Graves Disease Masquerading as Hemochromatosis.

Thyroid autoimmunity is extremely common in the adult population and can affect pregnancy outcomes. Signs in the newborn can range from absent to severe, making the diagnosis easy to miss. We present an interesting case of neonatal Graves disease associated with intrauterine growth restriction, premature delivery, and liver failure with severely high ferritin, thought to be secondary to hemochromatosis. Treatment of the underlying hyperthyroidism caused a rapid resolution of the elevated ferritin and liver failure. This report highlights the importance of considering Graves disease in newborns with liver failure of unknown etiology.

Hypothyroidism following carbon monoxide poisoning: An epidemiological study supported by animal experiments.

Previous studies have suggested a possible association between carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) and hypothyroidism, but the evidence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate this relationship. Using data from the Taiwan National Health Research Database, we identified 32,162 COP patients and matched with 96,486 non-COP patients by age and index date for an epidemiological study. The risk of hypothyroidism was compared between the two cohorts until 2018. Independent predictors of hypothyroidism were analyzed using competing risk analysis. An animal study was also conducted to support the findings. COP patients had an increased risk of hypothyroidism compared to non-COP patients in the overall analysis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]= 3.88; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 3.27-4.60) and in stratified analyses by age, sex, and comorbidities. The increase in the overall risk persisted even after more than six years of follow-up (AHR= 4.19; 95 % CI: 3.18-5.53). Independent predictors of hypothyroidism, in addition to COP, included age ≥65 years, female sex, hyperlipidemia, and mental disorder. The animal study showed damages in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and thyroid, as well as altered hormone levels 28 days after COP exposure. The epidemiological results showed an increased risk of hypothyroidism in COP patients, which was further supported by the animal study. These findings suggest the need for close monitoring of thyroid function in COP patients, especially in those who are age ≥65 years, female, and have hyperlipidemia or mental disorder.

A Case Report of Myxedema Coma in the Setting of Normal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

Myxedema coma (MC) is a potentially fatal complication of hypothyroidism, with a high mortality rate. It is a clinically diagnosed condition, where the symptoms are related to decreased metabolic effects due to low active thyroid hormones. This case report highlights a severe case of MC, despite the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) being normal and the free thyroxine (FT4) being very mildly decreased.

Thyroid Disorders.

This article includes a review of information primary care physicians need to know direct their evaluation and treatment of thyroid disorders that include sick euthyroid, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subclinical thyroid disorders.

Paediatric thyroid disease.

The spectrum of thyroid disorders presenting to paediatricians is different to that seen by adult physicians. Referrals reflect cases detected by the neonatal screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism and many of the inherited defects of thyroid hormone generation or action will be manifest in early life. Autoimmune thyroid disease can be particularly challenging to manage in the young and the potential impact of thyroid status on neurodevelopment and schooling are key considerations throughout childhood and adolescence.

Prevalence of latent and overt polyautoimmunity in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients afflicted by type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibit polyautoimmunity (PolyA). However, the frequency and distribution of PolyA in T1D is still unknown. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to define the prevalence of latent and overt PolyA in individuals with T1D. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across medical databases identified studies on latent and overt PolyA in T1D. Two researchers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed study quality. A random effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence, along with its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI), for latent PolyA and overt PolyA. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to study the effect of study designs, age, sex, and duration of disease on pooled prevalence. RESULTS: A total of 158 articles, encompassing a diverse composition of study designs were scrutinized. The analysis included 270,890 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of T1D. The gender was evenly distributed (50.30 % male). Notably, our analysis unveiled an overt PolyA prevalence rate of 8.50 % (95 % CI, 6.77 to 10.62), with North America having the highest rates (14.50 %, 95 % CI, 7.58 to 24.89). This PolyA profile was further characterized by a substantial incidence of concurrent autoimmune thyroid disease (7.44 %, 95 % CI, 5.65 to 9.74). Moreover, we identified a notable prevalence of latent PolyA in the T1D population, quantified at 14.45 % (95 % CI, 11.17 to 18.49) being most frequent in Asia (23.29 %, 95 % CI, 16.29 to 32.15) and Oceania (21.53 %, 95 % CI, 16.48 to 27.62). Remarkably, this latent PolyA phenomenon primarily featured an array of autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor, followed by Ro52, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and thyroglobulin antibodies. Duration of the disease was associated with a highest frequency of latent (ß: 0.0456, P-value: 0.0140) and overt PolyA (ß: 0.0373, P-value: 0.0152). No difference in the pooled prevalence by study design was observed. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis constitutes a substantial advancement in the realm of early detection of PolyA in the context of T1D. Individuals with T1D should regularly undergo assessments to identify potential concurrent autoimmune diseases, especially as they age.

Early appearance of thyroid autoimmunity in children followed from birth for type 1 diabetes risk.

PURPOSE: Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) define pre-clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) which can progress to either clinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism. We determined the age at seroconversion in children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes. METHODS: TPOAb and TgAb seropositivity were determined in 5066 healthy children with HLA DR3 or DR4 containing haplogenotypes from The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study. Children seropositive on the cross-sectional initial screen at 8-13 years of age had longitudinally collected samples (from 3.5 months of age) screened retrospectively and prospectively for thyroid autoantibodies to identify the age at seroconversion. First-appearing autoantibody was related to sex, HLA genotype, family history of AITD, and subsequent thyroid dysfunction and disease. RESULTS: The youngest appearance of TPOAb and TgAb was 10 and 15 months of age, respectively. Girls had higher incidence rates of both autoantibodies. Family history of AITD was associated with a higher risk of TPOAb hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17, 3.08; and TgAb HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.91, 3.41. The risk of progressing to hypo- or hyperthyroidism was not different between TgAb and TPOAb, but children with both autoantibodies appearing at the same visit had a higher risk compared to TPOAb appearing first (HR 6.34, 95% CI 2.72, 14.76). MAIN CONCLUSION: Thyroid autoantibodies may appear during the first years of life, especially in girls, and in children with a family history of AITD. Simultaneous appearance of both autoantibodies increases the risk for hypo- or hyperthyroidism.

Exploring Thyroid Function after Kidney Transplantation: The Complex Interplay Unacknowledged in Post-Transplant Care.

Background/Objectives: The interplay between thyroid function and kidney graft function following kidney transplantation remains incompletely understood. Thyroid disorders are more prevalent in kidney transplant recipients than in the general population and are associated with poorer outcomes. Methods: This prospective, single-center study was designed to estimate thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), as well as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg), and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)) and its influence on kidney graft function among a cohort of 23 kidney transplant recipients during a follow-up period of 12 months. Results: Significantly increased levels of T4 and T3 were observed 12 months post-transplantation, with FT3 levels increasing significantly after 6 months. The prevalence of immeasurably low anti-Tg antibodies rose during follow-up. Initially, 8% of patients showed positive TSI, which turned negative for all after 6 months. A statistically significant correlation was found between the initial TSH and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value 6 months after transplantation (p = 0.023). The graft function was stable. Proteinuria was statistically significantly lower 12 months after transplantation. Conclusions: Identifying additional risk factors, understanding their impact on kidney graft function, and recognizing cardiovascular comorbidities could enhance patient care. Notably, this study marks the first prospective investigation into thyroid function after kidney transplantation in Croatia, contributing valuable insights to the global understanding of this complex interplay.

Modified surgical fusion: VATS and BABA approach for ectopic intrathoracic and cervical thyroidectomy.

Ectopic goitre, presenting as an isolated thoracic mass without connection to the main thyroid gland enlargement, is a rare occurrence. We describe a case where a patient reported persistent dry cough and back pain for 1 year, along with throat discomfort unresponsive to medication. A 2×1 cm swelling was noted over the right anterior aspect of the neck. Extensive evaluation, including chest X-rays and contrast-enhanced CT of the thorax, revealed a mediastinal mass suggestive of an ectopic thyroid.This case presents a distinctive scenario involving the simultaneous presence of ectopic mediastinal and cervical thyroid lesions. Both were effectively managed using a minimally invasive approach, combining video-assisted thoracic surgery for the excision of the mediastinal mass and a bilateral axillo-breast approach for the cervical lesion in a single procedure. This approach yielded minimal morbidity, aesthetically pleasing outcomes and rapid recovery. Remarkably, such a case has not been previously documented in the available literature.

Vitamin D: An Essential Nutrient in the Dual Relationship between Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Celiac Disease-A Comprehensive Review.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents a public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to the recent improvement of screening programs, leading to the detection of silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated due to common risk factors, including genetic setting, changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and deficiency of nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed the current evidence on the pivotal role of vitamin D in modulating both gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune system dysfunction, shedding light on the possible relevance of an adequate intake of this nutrient in the primary prevention of AITD and CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper vitamin D supplementation could be attractive in the context of personalized medicine, several issues remain to be defined, including standardized assays for vitamin D determination, timely recommendations on vitamin D intake for immune system functioning, and longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to definitely establish a causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of AITD and CeD.

Autoimmune thyroid disease and ovarian hypofunction: a review of literature.

Thyroid hormones(THs) are essential for the proper functioning of the ovaries, and multiple studies have shown that thyroid abnormalities, especially during adolescence and reproductive age, can lead to lifelong ovarian dysfunction. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), one of the most common organ specific autoimmune diseases, is mainly mediated by cellular autoimmune reactions, and has strong inflammatory infiltration and immune active cells, including chemokines and cytokines, which are important components of ovarian aging. This suggests that autoimmune and inflammatory molecular processes may play a role in the emergence of ovarian dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent in vivo and in vitro evidence of a complex relationship between AITD and ovarian dysfunction. AITD is closely related to the decline of ovarian function from the perspective of antibody, cytokine, oxidative stress, and genetic factors. Finally, some of the currently known treatments for AITD and hypo ovarian disease are summarized.