RESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive-observational study of a series case report of patients diagnosed with orbito-zygomatic complex (OZMC) fracture with lateral wall involvement, was conducted. All patients were assessed in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service at Hospital El Carmen, Maipu, Santiago, Chile. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single-institution experience with the transconjunctival approach to the orbit, utilizing a lateral skin extension as unique approach to access to fronto-zygomatic suture, infraorbital rim and/or orbital floor. METHOD: The authors identified 41 patients with OZMC fractures who underwent to surgical treatment over a 45 months period. Among this group, 21 patients needed fixation with osteosynthesis of the frontozygomatic suture, and 16 of whom were treated with the approach being studied. The authors assessed scleral exposure, eyelid position changes, ectropion, and entropion as outcome measures, and reported satisfactory outcomes at a minimum of 9 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that in our experience, the transconjunctival approach utilizing a lateral skin extension allows a direct, easy, and quick access to the entire infra orbital rim, orbital floor, fronto-zygomatic suture and lateral wall of the orbit, up to spheno-zygomatic suture, with low associated morbidity and complications.
RESUMO
RESUMEN: Introducción: Los abordajes transconjuntival preseptal y subciliar han sido ampliamente utilizados para el manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas orbitarias. Sin embargo, aún existe incertidumbre sobre las complicaciones asociadas a cada uno de estos abordajes. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios. Realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 21 estudios primarios, de los cuales cuatro corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el abordaje transconjuntival preseptal podría disminuir tanto la incidencia de ectropión como de un resultado estético insatisfactorio, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Además, este abordaje probablemente disminuye el riesgo de complicaciones intra y postoperatorias, tales como diplopía, parestesia transitoria, equimosis, exposición escleral, laceración del plato tarsal y laceración palpebral inferior. Por otro lado, el abordaje transconjuntival podría aumentar el riesgo de entropión, pero la certeza de la evidencia también es baja.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The preseptal transconjunctival and subciliary approach have been widely used for the surgical management of orbital fractures. However, there is still uncertainty about the complications associated with each of these approaches. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified six systematic reviews that included 21 primary studies, four of which correspond to randomized trials. We conclude that the preseptal transconjunctival approach could decrease the incidence of ectropion and an unsatisfactory aesthetic result, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Furthermore, this approach probably decreases the risk of intra and postoperative complications, such as diplopia, transient paresthesia, ecchymosis, scleral show, tarsal plate laceration and lower palpebral laceration. On the other hand, the transconjunctival approach could increase the risk of entropion, but the certainty of the evidence is also low.