Migrant mothers' experiences of Caesarean section: a transcultural qualitative study.

Objectives: Migrant women face an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcome and Caesarean section. The psychological experience of Caesarean section combines physiological, social, and cultural dimensions. This qualitative study explores the subjective experiences of first-generation migrant women who gave birth by Caesarean section. Methods: Seven qualitative, semi-directed interviews were conducted from January to March 2022 in a Paris maternity hospital, with women in their postpartum period who had had a scheduled or emergency Caesarean section and straightforward obstetrical outcomes. The presence of an interpreter-mediator was systematically offered. Thematic analysis of the interviews was carried out following the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) methodology. Results: Four themes were identified in the thematic analysis relating to the women's experiences of Caesarean section: (1) The shock of the intervention combines disappointment, fear and early separation from the baby, (2) Pregnancy and delivery far from one's family aggravates the psychological suffering caused by isolation and loneliness related to migration, (3) The lack of cultural representations of Caesarean section leads to negative preconceptions and hinders mental preparation, in contrast with traditional or medicalised childbirth, and (4) The women's experiences of the medical follow-up highlights the importance of the continuity of care. Discussion and conclusion: Caesarean section, which is a physical break, re-enacts the symbolic break (cultural, social, familial) that follows on from emigration. Improvements in care include the need for a better preparation for Caesarean section, active efforts for care continuity, and the development of early prevention interviews and groups in maternity units.

"The Old Ways Are the Old Ways": A Qualitative Study of Chinese Medicine Care in Indigenous Communities in Canada.

Objectives: Owing to colonization's impacts, Indigenous Peoples in Canada face a disproportionate share of health challenges and suffer inequitable access to health care today. In recent years, an increasing number of Indigenous-led health services have emerged, which-informed by decolonial principles, including "culture-as-cure"-holistically center local Indigenous cultural, spiritual, and healing knowledges and practices. Aligned with decolonial principles, this work examines the delivery of Chinese Medicine (CM) care-an East Asian Indigenous therapeutic approach-in Indigenous communities in British Columbia, Canada. Design: Informed by qualitative interviews with three licensed CM practitioners and one biomedical clinician working in such clinics, the work provides a descriptive account of clinical operations, and thematically explores operational successes and challenges. Results: Four CM clinical programs were identified, all operating on First Nations reserves, including settings at multidisciplinary community health centers, a First Nation Band Council office, and a school gymnasium. Most CM care was delivered free of charge, funded variously by nonprofit agency donations and provincial government reimbursement. Three central themes emerged across the study interviews. The first, transculturalism, emphasizes the conceptual overlap between CM and Indigenous belief systems in the Canadian context, which participants described as a source of strength in building trust for CM care as a nonlocal Indigenous therapeutic approach. The second theme, Cultural Humility, characterizes non-Indigenous practitioners' respectful outlook as guests on Indigenous land, taking community members' lead as to how they might best serve. The final theme, Multidimensional Healing, explores the physical, mental, and emotional healing that practitioners witnessed across their work. Conclusions: Despite economic and logistical challenges, study respondents expressed optimism about the potential for similar traditional medicine clinics to provide culturally resonant primary care in other underserved communities. Further research to learn about the experiences of First Nations community members receiving CM care is warranted.

Family care prior to the admission of the elderly in a nursing home and continuity in family care: A comparative study of Colombia and Spain.

This study examined the background before admission to a nursing home and the conditions for the continuity of care, of the relatives of older adults of Colombia and Spain. The study sample comprised 546 participants: 278 and 268 from Colombia and Spain, respectively. Structured interviews were conducted with the older adults' relatives. Sociodemographic similarities predominated, although in the Colombian sample there were significantly more unrelated people. Similarities in previous and current care conditions also predominated too. Cluster 1 included all the cases of Colombian low-resource nursing homes, and Cluster 2 included all the relatives of Colombian high-resource nursing homes and all the Spanish centers. The type of nursing home was the variable more important to identify the abovementioned clusters. Conclusions: Family members from Colombia and Spain continue to care for the elderly admitted to geriatric homes. The type of geriatric center is what establishes the differences in the users.

Adaptação transcultural e validação para o Português (Brasil) do Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccine (PACV) / Cross-cultural adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Parent Attitudes about the Childhood Vaccine (PACV) questionnaire

Resumo No Brasil, a despeito da hesitação vacinal ser um problema reconhecido, sua mensuração ainda é um desafio. Por outro lado, sabe-se que identificar pais com hesitação às vacinas é condição fundamental para a implementação de programas eficientes de educação em saúde. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação transcultural e a validação do Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccine (PACV) para o português brasileiro. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de adaptação transcultural que envolveu as seguintes etapas: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, avaliação da qualidade, comitê de especialistas, pré-teste, avaliação da confiabilidade e, por fim, submissão e aprovação. Após a realização dessas etapas, foi observado que, na avaliação do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), nenhuma questão do PACV obteve IVC<0,80 nas dimensões de equivalência semântica, idiomática, conceitual e cultural. No IVC global, a versão brasileira do PACV alcançou 0,91, indicando boa concordância interavaliador e evidência de validade baseada no conteúdo. O alfa de Cronbach para o instrumento foi de 0,91. O PACV foi adaptado para o Português do Brasil, dando origem ao PAVC-Brasil, versão que apresentou evidências de validade baseada no conteúdo, além de boa consistência interna.

Abstract Despite vaccine hesitancy being a recognized problem in Brazil, the extent of the problem is still a challenge. However, it is acknowledged that identifying parents who are hesitant about vaccines is a fundamental condition for the implementation of efficient health communication programs. Thus, the scope of this work was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccine (PACV) questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese. It is a cross-cultural adaptation study with the following steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, quality assessment, expert committee, pre-test, reliability assessment and, finally, submission and approval. After carrying out these steps, it was observed that, in the evaluation of the Content Validity Index (CVI), no PACV question obtained CVI<0.80 in the dimensions of semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalence. In the global IVC, the Brazilian version of the PACV reached 0.91, indicating good interappraiser agreement and evidence of content-based validity. Cronbach's alpha for the instrument was 0.91. The PACV was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, giving rise to the PAVC-Brasil version, which presented evidence of content-based validity, in addition to good internal consistency.

Cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale to Brazilian Portuguese: Pressure Injury in Pediatrics / Adaptação cultural da Glamorgan Scale para o português do Brasil: lesão por pressão em pediatria / Adaptación cultural de la Escala de Glamorgan al portugués de Brasil: úlceras por presión en pediatría

Objective: to describe the methodological process of cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale to Brazilian Portuguese. Method: a methodological study of translation and cultural adaptation of the Glamorgan Scale, following the six stages: initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, committee of experts, pre-test, and submission of the adapted version to the author for approval. The committee of experts was composed of five physicians and, during evaluation, a semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual analysis was carried out. The agreement and representativeness of the items were assessed using the Content Validity Index. A minimum value of 80% agreement was considered. Results: all stages of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process were satisfactory. In the evaluation made by the committee of experts, all items obtained an agreement greater than 80% in the first evaluation round. The pre-test stage allowed for a critical overview of the instrument, where few modifications were suggested by the participants. Conclusion: the Glamorgan Scale was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Future psychometric studies are necessary to validate the scale.

Objetivo: descrever o processo metodológico de adaptação cultural da Glamorgan Scale para o português do Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico de tradução e adaptação cultural da Glamorgan Scale, seguindo as seis etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e envio da versão adaptada para aprovação ao autor do instrumento original. O comitê de especialistas foi composto por cinco doutores e, durante sua avaliação, foi realizada análise semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A concordância e a representatividade dos itens foram avaliadas por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Considerou-se o valor mínimo de 80% de concordância. Resultados: todas as etapas do processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural foram satisfatórias. Na avaliação realizada pelo comitê de especialistas, todos os itens obtiveram concordância superior a 80% na primeira rodada de avaliação. A etapa do pré-teste permitiu uma visão crítica geral do instrumento, onde foram sugeridas pequenas modificações pelos participantes. Conclusão: a Escala de Glamorgan foi traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para o português do Brasil. Estudos psicométricos futuros são necessários para validação da escala.

Objetivo: describir el proceso metodológico de adaptación cultural de la Escala de Glamorgan al portugués de Brasil. Método: estudio metodológico de traducción y adaptación cultural de la Escala de Glamorgan siguiendo seis etapas: traducción inicial, síntesis de las traducciones, retrotraducción, comité de especialistas, prueba previa y envío de la versión adaptada para aprobación del autor. El comité de especialistas está formado por cinco médicos y, durante su evaluación, se realizó un análisis semántico, idiomático, cultural y conceptual. Se evaluó la concordancia y la representatividad de los ítems a través del Índice de Validez del Contenido. Se consideró un valor mínimo del 80% de concordancia. Resultados: todas las etapas del proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural fueron satisfactorias. En la evaluación realizada por el comité de especialistas, todos los ítems obtuvieron un nivel de concordancia superior al 80 % en la primera etapa de evaluación. La etapa de la prueba previa permitió una visión crítica general del instrumento, en la cual los participantes sugirieron pocas modificaciones. Conclusión: se tradujo y se adaptó culturalmente la Escala de Glamorgan al portugués de Brasil. Se requieren estudios psicométricos futuros para validar la escala.

Does Epilepsy Have an Impact on Locus of Control?

Many chronic diseases impair patients' quality of life and may also affect their control perceptions. This could particularly happen for patients with epilepsy whose seizures often imply loss of control as a deeply disturbing experience. In 1980, a study on learned helplessness in epilepsy found a highly significant reduction of internal general locus of control (GLOC) and an increase of chance and powerful others health-related LOC (HLOC). In consequence, LOC became a frequent target of investigations relating to depression and anxiety, quality of life, coping, compliance, and other psychosocial aspects of epilepsy. Both GLOC and HLOC were investigated, and special groups like children, elderly, mentally handicapped persons, and those with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures were addressed. Most studies attempted to relate in-group differences of LOC to other parameters. Seizure-free patients were found to have a more internal HLOC, and patients with severe epilepsies have a more external HLOC. Patients with a high external HLOC seem to have more difficulties with coping and to be more anxious. Whereas external GLOC was correlated with learned helplessness, internal GLOC was associated with high self-efficacy and better life quality. An association of external LOC with depression seemed not to be a stable co-relation as clinical improvement following epilepsy surgery dissociated the two. A hypothesis was confirmed that the ability of some patients to counteract seizures at their onset, thus preserving control, was correlated with a higher internal HLOC. Some other theoretically well-founded hypotheses were not supported. Absolute figures as reported in several papers are of limited use because the only normative data for comparison come from a local sample of 1976 from Tennessee, whereas LOC scores may differ largely dependent on cultural and societal conditions. Very few controlled studies exist, and the early finding of a generally externalized LOC in epilepsy was confirmed only in one study performed in a South Indian community known for strong stigma against epilepsy. A recent transcultural investigation conducted in Brazil and Lithuania found no differences from healthy controls and between countries. It seems worthwhile to further investigate relations of LOC with epilepsy stigma.

Chilean version of the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit: a translation and cross-cultural adaptation. / Versión chilena de la Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit: traducción y adaptación transcultural.

BACKGROUND: The Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) is a valid and reliable instrument to measure physical functioning in the intensive care unit setting. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation in Chile has not been published for the FSS-ICU. AIM: To translate and cross-culturally adapt all associated documents of the original FSS-ICU for Chile. METHOD: The Spanish version of FSS-ICU, available at www.ImproveLTO.com, was used as the starting point. This version was previously translated, with the original FSS-ICU developers, following established guidelines for this process. The Chilean pocket card version was newly developed based on the English version at www.ImproveLTO.com. Cognitive interviews were conducted for the adaptation of the FSS-ICU and pocket card version to assess understanding of relevant stakeholders (i.e., Chilean intensive care unit physiotherapists). Adaptations to the translation were made when agreement among the physiotherapists was less than 80%. RESULTS: Cognitive interviews of the Chilean FSS-ICU (85 items) and pocket card version (18 items) were performed with 30 Chilean physiotherapists from 18 hospitals (14 public and 4 private). During the interviews, modest adaptations mainly made in the general guidelines and specific instructions for three items of the FSS-ICU and two items of the pocket card. Finally, the frequently asked questions, pocket card and full version of the FSS-ICU were developed. The original developers accepted all adaptations. CONCLUSIONS: The Chilean version of the FSS-ICU was easy to understand by the physiotherapists. The FSS-ICU is freely available for non-commercial clinical and research use by Chilean Spanish-speakers.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir funcionamiento físico en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Sin embargo, la traducción y adaptación trans-cultural de la FSS-ICU en Chile no ha sido publicada. OBJETIVO: Traducir y adaptar transculturalmente todos los documentos asociados de la FSS-ICU original para Chile. MÉTODO: Se utilizó como punto de partida la versión en español de la FSS-ICU, disponible en www.ImproveLTO.com. Esta versión se tradujo previamente junto a los desarrolladores originales de la FSS-ICU, siguiendo las recomendaciones establecidas para este proceso. La versión de bolsillo chilena se desarrolló recientemente en base a la versión original en inglés. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas a kinesiólogos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos para evaluar la comprensión de la FSS-ICU y versión de bolsillo. Las adaptaciones se realizaron cuando el acuerdo entre los kinesiólogos fue inferior al 80%. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron las entrevistas cognitivas de la FSS-ICU en español (85 ítems) y versión de bolsillo (18 ítems) en 30 kinesiólogos chilenos provenientes de 18 diferentes hospitales (14 públicos y 4 privados). Durante las entrevistas se realizaron adaptaciones principalmente en las guías generales e instrucciones específicas para tres ítems de la FSS-ICU y dos ítems de la versión de bolsillo. Finalmente, se desarrollaron las preguntas frecuentes, la versión de bolsillo y la versión completa de la FSS-ICU. Todas las adaptaciones fueron aceptadas por los desarrolladores originales. CONCLUSIONES: La versión chilena de la FSS-ICU fue fácil de entender por los kinesiólogos. La FSS-ICU está disponible gratis para uso clínico e investigación no comercial en Chile.

Versión chilena de la Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit: traducción y adaptación transcultural / Chilean version of the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit: a translation and cross-cultural adaptation

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir funcionamiento físico en unida-des de cuidados intensivos. Sin embargo, la traducción y adaptación trans-cultural de la FSS-ICU en Chile no ha sido publicada. OBJETIVO: Traducir y adaptar transculturalmente todos los documentos asociados de la FSS-ICU original para Chile. MÉTODO: Se utilizó como punto de partida la versión en español de la FSS-ICU, disponible en www.ImproveLTO.com. Esta versión se tradujo previamente junto a los desarrolladores originales de la FSS-ICU, siguiendo las recomen-daciones establecidas para este proceso. La versión de bolsillo chilena se desarrolló recientemente en base a la versión original en inglés. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas a kinesiólogos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos para evaluar la comprensión de la FSS-ICU y versión de bolsillo. Las adaptaciones se realizaron cuando el acuerdo entre los kinesiólogos fue inferior al 80%. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron las entrevistas cognitivas de la FSS-ICU en español (85 ítems) y versión de bolsillo (18 ítems) en 30 kinesiólogos chilenos provenientes de 18 diferentes hospitales (14 públicos y 4 privados). Durante las entrevistas se realizaron adaptaciones principalmente en las guías generales e instrucciones específicas para tres ítems de la FSS-ICU y dos ítems de la versión de bolsillo. Finalmente, se desarrollaron las preguntas frecuentes, la versión de bolsillo y la versión completa de la FSS-ICU. Todas las adaptaciones fueron aceptadas por los desarrolladores originales. CONCLUSIONES: La versión chilena de la FSS-ICU fue fácil de entender por los kinesiólogos. La FSS-ICU está disponible gratis para uso clínico e investigación no comercial en Chile.

BACKGROUND: The Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) is a valid and reliable instrument to measure physical functioning in the intensive care unit setting. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation in Chile has not been published for the FSS-ICU. AIM: To translate and cross-culturally adapt all associated documents of the original FSS-ICU for Chile. METHOD: The Spanish version of FSS-ICU, available at www.ImproveLTO.com, was used as the starting point. This version was previously translated, with the original FSS-ICU developers, following established guidelines for this process. The Chilean pocket card version was newly developed based on the English version at www.ImproveLTO.com. Cognitive interviews were conducted for the adaptation of the FSS-ICU and pocket card version to assess understanding of relevant stakeholders (i.e., Chilean intensive care unit physiotherapists). Adaptations to the translation were made when agreement among the physiotherapists was less than 80%. RESULTS: Cognitive interviews of the Chilean FSS-ICU (85 items) and pocket card version (18 items) were performed with 30 Chilean physiotherapists from 18 hospitals (14 public and 4 private). During the interviews, modest adaptations mainly made in the general guidelines and specific instructions for three items of the FSS-ICU and two items of the pocket card. Finally, the frequently asked questions, pocket card and full version of the FSS-ICU were developed. The original developers accepted all adaptations. CONCLUSIONS: The Chilean version of the FSS-ICU was easy to understand by the physiotherapists. The FSS-ICU is freely available for non-commercial clinical and research use by Chilean Spanish-speakers.

How culture shapes social cognition deficits in mental disorders: A review.

Social cognitive skills are indispensable for successful communication with others. Substantial research has determined deficits in these abilities in patients with mental disorders. In neurobiological development and continuing into adulthood, cross-cultural differences in social cognition have been demonstrated. Moreover, symptomatic patterns in mental disorders may vary according to the cultural background of an individual. Cross-cultural studies can thus help in understanding underlying (biological) mechanisms and factors that influence behavior in health and disease. In addition, studies that apply novel paradigms assessing the impact of culture on cognition may benefit and advance neuroscience research. In this review, the authors give an overview of cross-cultural research in the field of social cognition in health and in mental disorders and provide an outlook on future research directions, taking a neuroscience perspective.

Factors associated with caregiver burden: comparative study between Brazilian and Spanish caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

BACKGROUND: Transcultural studies regarding the comparison of levels of burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Europe and Latin America are rare. We designed this study to investigate the differentiating factors associated with burden in Brazilian and Spanish caregivers of patients with AD. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study composed by samples of outpatients with AD and their caregivers from Brazil (n = 128) and Spain (n = 146). Caregivers answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and a Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Patients were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale. RESULTS: In the multivariate regression analysis, high burden levels were reported in Brazil, when caregivers were female (p = 0.025) and when patients did not attend Day Care Center (p = 0.025). In Spain, high burden levels were associated with living with the patient (p = 0.014), younger caregivers (p = 0.003), and participation of patients at Day Care Center (p = 0.046). Also, different neuropsychiatric symptoms explained high burden levels: in Brazil, depression (p < 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.024) and, in Spain, apathy/indifference (p < 0.001), agitation/aggression (p = 0.019) and irritability/lability (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers' gender, patients who attended Day Care Center and neuropsychiatric symptoms were differentiating factors in the burden of Brazilian and Spanish caregivers.

Análise da produção científica em artigos sobre estudos transculturais na avaliação psicológica em bases online / Análisis de la producción científica de estudios transculturales en evaluación psicológica encontrados en bases de datos en línea / Analysis of scientific production of transcultural studies on psychological assessment found on online databases

O avanço da Avaliação Psicológica enquanto especialidade indica a necessidade de estudos para analisar e caracterizar sua produção científica para o direcionamento de futuras investigações. Nesse sentido, analisaram-se as publicações nacionais e internacionais de estudos transculturais em Avaliação Psicológica, no período de 1992 a 2010 presentes em bases de dados eletrônicas. Os descritores pesquisados foram avaliação psicológica, psicometria, testes psicológicos e transcultural. Analisaram-se 239 resumos de artigos, dos quais 79 referiam-se à temática. O maior número de publicações encontra-se nas revistas Qualis B2 da Psicologia, constituindo-se em 8% do total das publicações analisadas. A maioria dos estudos era de autoria de homens e mulheres e os anos de 2006 a 2010 apresentaram maior número de publicações. Quanto à metodologia de investigação, predominou a pesquisa de campo. É necessário a normatização da publicação dos resumos de artigos científicos que, em sua maioria, possuem informações incompletas, o que dificulta sua recuperação na íntegra e inviabiliza uma análise completa da produção da área.

El avance de la Evaluación Psicológica como especialidad indica la necesidad de estudios para analizar y caracterizar su producción científica con miras al direccionamiento de futuras investigaciones, Siguiendo dichos lineamientos, este trabajo analizó las publicaciones nacionales e internacionales de estudios transculturales en Evaluación Psicológica durante el período comprendido entre 1992 y 2010, presentes en bases de datos electrónicas. Los descriptores buscados fueron: evaluación psicológica, psicometría, pruebas psicológicas y transcultural. Se analizaron 239 resúmenes de artículos, de los cuales 79 se referían a la temática. El mayor número de publicaciones se encuentra en las revistas evaluadas por el Sistema Qualis B2 de Psicología, constituyéndose en el 8% del total de las publicaciones analizadas. La mayoría de los estudios fue escrita por hombres y mujeres, y entre los años 2006 y 2010 se presentó el mayor número de publicaciones. Con respecto a la metodología de investigación, predominó la investigación de campo. Es necesaria la normalización de la publicación de los resúmenes de artículos científicos que, en su mayoría, tienen información incompleta, lo cual dificulta su total recuperación e imposibilita un análisis completo de la producción en el área.

Advances in Psychological Assessment, as a specialization indicates the need for studies to analyze and characterize their scientific production in order to guide future research. Along these lines, this study examined the national and international publications of transcultural studies on Psychological Assessment from 1992 to 2010 found in electronic databases. The descriptors to be searched were: psychological assessment, psychometrics, psychological and transcultural testing. 239 abstracts of articles were analyzed, of which 79 were related to the research topic. The highest number of publications was found in the B2 Qualis Psychology System making up 8% of the total publications analyzed..Most of the papers were written by both men and women, and between 2006 and 2010 the highest number of publications took place. The field research was the most common method used by the authors. It is necessary to standardize the publication of abstracts of scientific papers since most of them have incomplete information, making it difficult to achieve a full recovery and prevents the possibility of a thorough analysis of the production in this area.

A meta-ethnography of the acculturation and socialization experiences of migrant care workers.

AIM: To report a meta-ethnography of qualitative research studies exploring the acculturation and socialization experiences of migrant care workers. BACKGROUND: Migrant care workers are increasingly participating in health and social care in developed countries. There is a need to understand this increasingly socioculturally diversified workforce. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search through 12 databases and a manual search of journals related to transculture for studies on socialization and acculturation experiences (published 1993-2013) was completed. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies on the acculturation or socialization experiences of migrant care workers published in English in any country, using a qualitative or mixed-methods approach. DESIGN AND REVIEW METHODS: This meta-ethnography employed the seven-phase Noblit and Hare method with reciprocal translation, refutational synthesis and lines-of-argument to synthesize qualitative studies. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: (a) schema for the migration dream: optimism; (b) the reality of the migration dream: so close, yet so far; and (c) resilience: from chaos to order. A general framework of motivated psychosocial and behavioural adaptation was proposed. This meta-ethnography also revealed the vulnerabilities of migrant nurses in the process of acculturation and socialization. CONCLUSIONS: The general framework of behavioural and psychosocial adaptation revealed factors that impede and facilitate behavioural and psychosocial changes. Strategies to enrich external and internal resources should be targeted at encouraging multiculturalism and at improving the psychosocial resources of migrant care workers. It is suggested that research investigating the prominence of nursing vulnerabilities be conducted.

Batería multidimensional de cuestionarios culturales para la investigación en salud mental: aplicación en una muestra pobalcional chilena / Multidimensional battery of cultural questionnaires for research in mental health: application in a Chilean population sample

Este estudio reporta los resultados de la aplicación en Chile de la Batería Multidimensional de Cuestionarios Culturales para la investigación en salud mental desarrollada en Heidebelberg, Alemania (freund et al., 2011). El propósito de esta batería es contribuir a la investigación transcultural en el ámbito de la salud mental, mediante la medición de un espectro amplio y heterogéneo de variables culturales, en un nivel individual. La batería está compuesta por una adaptación de las siguientes escalas: Escala de Conceptualización del Self ( Self-Construal Scale SCS; Singelis, 1994). Escala de Ideología de los Roles Sexuales (Sex-Role Ideology Scales, SRIS; Kalin & Tilby, 1978) y Escala de Rigidez-Flexibilidad de las Normas (Tightness-Looseness Scale, TLS; Gelfand et al., 2007). Se aplicó la batería en una muestra representativa de 343 participantes de Santiago, Chile. Los resultados indican adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en todas las escalas seleccionadas. Destacan en los resultados, los altos puntajes de la población chilena en las variables independencia e interdependencia en la conceptualización del self; una ideología de roles sexuales más igualitaria en jóvenes y personas de mayor ingreso económico y mayor rigidez en las normas familiares que en las normas sociales

This study reports the results of the application, in Chile of the Multidimensional Battery of Cultural Questionnaires for research in mental health, developed in Heidelberg, Germany (freund et al., 2011). The purpose of this battery was to contribute to transcultural research in the field of mental health by measuring a wide and diverse range of cultural variables on an individual level. The battery is composed of adaptations of the following sacale: the Self-Construal Scale (SCS; Singelis, 194), the Sex-Role Ideology Scale (SRIS; Kalin & Tilby, 1978), and the Tightness-Looseness Scale (TLS; Gelfand eta al., 2007). The battery was administered to a representative sample of 343 participants from Santiago, Chile. All of the scales used were found to have adequate psychometric properties. The results show that Chileans score higher on independent and independent measures of self-construal; women, youths, and people of higher income level have more egalitarian sex-role ideology; and there is greater tightness to family then to social norms.

Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro do instrumento The Epilepsy Beliefs and Attitudes Scale (Ebas): adult version / Transcultural adaptation for brazilian portuguese of The Epilepsy Beliefs and Attitudes Scale (Ebas): adult version

INTRODUÇÃO: o desconhecimento acerca da epilepsia tem fomentado o interesse em desenvolver ferramentas voltadas para detecção das crenças e atitudes da comunidade em geral acerca da doença. OBJETIVO: apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento The Epilepsy Beliefs and Attitudes Scale (EBAS) - Adult Version e uma versão em português para uso no Brasil. MÉTODO: o processo de adaptação envolveu a equivalência conceitual, de itens, semântica e operacional. RESULTADOS: os conceitos apreendidos foram considerados pertinentes à nossa cultura e seus itens adequados quanto à sua capacidade de representar tais conceitos na população-alvo, além de apresentar boa equivalência semântica entre a versão final em português e o original. CONCLUSÃO: o instrumento mostrou-se adequado para uso na população em geral e seus resultados serão revistos em estudos futuros a luz de avaliações psicométricas.

INTRODUCTION: the lack of knowledge about epilepsy has boosted the interest to develop instruments aimed for the detection of beliefs and attitudes of the community in general about the disease. OBJECTIVE: to carry out the transcultural adaptation of the instrument The Epilepsy Beliefs and Attitudes Scale (EBAS) - Adult Version and a version in Brazilian Portuguese. METHOD: the transcultural adaptation involved the conceptual, items, operational and semantic equivalences. RESULTS: the concepts were considered relevant to our culture and the items as appropriate to their ability to represent these concepts in the target population. It was possible establish high-quality semantic equivalence between the Brazilian Portuguese-language final version and the original. CONCLUSION: the instrument proved to be suitable for use in the general population and the results will be reevaluated in the light of forthcoming psychometric analysis.