Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in a Patient with Gastric Bypass. Report of the First Local Case

We describe the first case in our environment of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-assisted transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a patient with gastric bypass surgery. The procedure was performed with a side-viewing duodenoscope through a jejunogastrostomy using apposing stents, placed with EUS assistance, and a standard technique and instruments.

Se describe el primer caso en nuestro medio de colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica transgástrica asistida por endosonografía en una paciente con cirugía de baipás gástrico. El procedimiento se realizó con duodenoscopio de visión lateral a través de una yeyunogastrostomía por stent de aposición, emplazado con asistencia endosonográfica y con una técnica e instrumental estándar.

Laparoscopic transgastric resection of a gastric leiomyosarcoma: report of a rare case.

Gastric leiomyosarcoma is a rare type of tumour that is far less prevalent than gastrointestinal stromal tumours. We describe a case of a 42-year-old male patient who consulted for upper abdominal pain. Blood work revealed low haemoglobin levels, requiring red blood cell transfusions. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, showing a submucosal tumour with central ulceration in the greater gastric curvature. The patient underwent an endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle biopsy and the sample showed a spindle cell neoplasia. Computed tomography scan demonstrated absence of distant metastases. Upon multidisciplinary consensus, it was decided to perform surgery. A laparoscopic approach was conducted, where no peritoneal lesions were observed. Transgastric resection of the tumour was performed. Free tumour margins were achieved following oncologic criteria (minimum tumour manipulation and one-piece resection without damaging the tumour capsule). After exhaustive sampling, the final pathology report informed an 11 × 9 × 5 cm gastric leiomyosarcoma. Immunohistochemical examination showed positivity with smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, calponin and desmin. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and 6 post-operative months' clinical, tomographic and endoscopic control informed no disease recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, there are less than 20 published cases of patients with diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma. This study highlights the importance of reporting this entity, in order to contribute to the available literature concerning this topic.

Clinical monitoring of cardiac output assessed by transoesophageal echocardiography in anaesthetised dogs: a comparison with the thermodilution technique.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac output (CO) is an important haemodynamic parameter to monitor in patients during surgery. However, the majority of the techniques for measuring CO have a limited application in veterinary practice due to their invasive approach and associated complexity and risks. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a technique used to monitor cardiac function in human patients during surgical procedures and allows CO to be measured non-invasively. This prospective clinical study aimed to compare the transoesophageal echocardiography using a transgastric view of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and the thermodilution (TD) technique for the assessment of CO during mean arterial pressure of 65-80 mmHg (normotension) and <65 mmHg (hypotension) in dogs undergoing elective surgery. Eight dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM), tramadol (4 mg/kg, IM) and atropine (0.03 mg/kg, IM), followed by anaesthetic induction with propofol (3-5 mg/kg IV) and maintenance with isoflurane associated with a continuous infusion rate of fentanyl (bolus of 3 µg/kg followed by 0.3 µg/kg/min). The CO was measured by TEE (COTEE) and TD (COTD) at the end of expiration during normotension and hypotension (induced by isoflurane). RESULTS: There was a strong positive correlation between COTEE and COTD ​​(r = 0.925; P < 0.0001). The bias between COTD and COTEE was 0.14 ± 0.29 L/min (limits of agreement, -0.44 to 0.72 L/min). The percentage error of CO measured by the two methods was 12.32%. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between COTEE and COTD during normotension (r = 0.995; P < 0.0001) and hypotension (r = 0.78; P = 0.0223). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that the transgastric view of the LVOT by TEE was a minimally invasive alternative to clinically monitoring CO in dogs during anaesthesia. However, during hypotension, the CO obtained by TEE was less reliable, although still acceptable.

Colangiopancreatografía asistida por laparoscopia en bypass gástrico y fistulotomía pre-corte por cálculo impactado en papila / Colangiopancreatography Assisted by Laparoscopy in Gastric Bypass and Fistulotomy Pre-Cut by Calculation Impacted in Papila

La denominada cirugía bariátrica “Bypass Gástrico” es una de las operaciones bariátricas mayormente efectuadas a nivel mundial y en aumento en años recientes. La exclusión del estómago y duodeno, después del procedimiento, deja con gran dificultad, la ejecución vía oral, de la Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica (CPRE) y el acceso al tracto biliar y pancreático. Debido a la incrementada incidencia de litiasis biliar en pacientes luego del procedimiento “bypass gástrico”, habrá más requerimiento de la Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que los pacientes con bypass gástrico que ameriten evaluar el tracto biliopancreático pueden someterse exitosamente a Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica terapéutica transgástrica asistida por laparoscopia, en forma segura y confiada. Presentamos nuestra paciente con litiasis residual: cálculo impactado en la papila, efectuando la Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica transgástrica asistida por laparoscopia e Fistulotomía con bisturí - aguja por cálculo impactado en la papila, resuelto satisfactoriamente.

The “Gastric Bypass” is one of the most performed bariatric operatio ns worldwide, and in recent years the number of former bypass patients accrues. The gastric bypass excludes the stomach and duodenum, and it makes very difficult, by oral route, the access to the biliopancreatic tract, by means the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Due to the increased evidence of gallstones after bariatric operations, the ERCP could be more often required. In recent years, it has been demostrated that gastric bypass patients can be successfully evaluated endoscopically by laparoscopic transgastric ERCP, as a safe and reliable method. We describe a patient with residual billiary impacted stone in the papilla, who underwent laparoscopic transgastric ERCP and a precut “fistulotomy” technique with needle - knife, was highly successful, without add significant morbidity to the procedure.

Hemorragia digestiva por úlcera duodenal pós-bypass gástrico em estômago excluso: abordagem endoscópica transgástrica por laparoscopia / Gastrointestinal bleeding by duodenal ulcer after gastric bypass in excluded stomach: endoscopic transgastric approach by laparoscopy

O Bypass Gástrico é uma das cirurgias bariátricas mais realizadas no Brasil e no mundo. Com o aumento exponencial da utilização desta técnica cirúrgica, complicações a longo prazo podem ocorrer. Nesse contexto, é necessário um bom conhecimento pós-operatório, principalmente em relação à fisiopatologia gastrointestinal destes pacientes. Uma complicação rara, porém, extremamente grave, é a úlcera duodenal sangrante. Uma razão para isto é o difícil acesso ao estômago excluso e ao duodeno através da endoscopia digestiva alta. Este relato demonstra uma úlcera duodenal sangrante em paciente pós-operatório de bypass gástrico laparoscópico.

Gastric bypass in Roux-Y is the most common bariatric surgery in Brazil and the world. With the exponential increase of this surgical technique, complications can occur. In this context, is required a great knowledge postoperatively, especially in relation to gastrointestinal pathophysiology of these patients. A rare complication, however, extremely severe, is a duodenal ulcer bleeding. One account for this is the difficult to access excluded stomach and the duodenum through the endoscopy. This case report shows a duodenal ulcer bleeding in a patient postoperative laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Laparoscopy-Assisted Trans-Gastric Rendez-vous for the Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones in Patients with Prior Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Common bile duct (CBD) stones in a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) represent a major challenge for ERCP due to long-limb anatomy. Trans-gastric approach has been proposed but entails high ERCP-related risks. Laparoscopy assisted trans-gastric rendez-vous (LATG-RV) is a one-step procedure that may lower the risks of these patients. METHODS: We describe our initial experience in four patients with past history of RYGB and CBD stones. RESULTS: All patients underwent LATG-RV and had successful CBD stone clearance. Postoperative course was uneventful with normal amylase levels. Average procedure time was 105 min and postoperative stay 2 days. CONCLUSION: LATG-RV is a safe and effective procedure for the clearance of CBD stones in RYGB patients. It may have fewer complications and shorter operative time than regular trans-gastric ERCP.

Determinación de la factibilidad técnica y seguridad de un abordaje endoscópico transgástrico a la cavidad peritoneal en un modelo porcino / Determination of the technical feasibility and safety of transgastric peritoneal approach in a pig model

La viabilidad de un abordaje transgástrico para realizar peritoneoscopia y biopsia hepática ha sido demostrada en estudios previos en animales. Objetivo. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la viabilidad y seguridad de un abordaje transgástrico peritoneal en una experiencia local. Resultados. El abordaje transgástrico con modelo similar a PEG (gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea) se realizó en 3 cerdos de la especie suis scrofa domesticus; el tiempo promedio del procedimiento fue de 102 minutos, no hubo complicaciones relacionadas con el acceso, y la necropsia no evidenció ningún daño de órganos adyacentes al estómago, aunque el cierre de la pared gástrica no fue exitoso en 2 cerdos. Conclusiones. Este estudio reporta la experiencia local con un abordaje transgástrico peroral a la cavidad peritoneal, técnicamente viable. El abordaje similar a PEG es simple y seguro, el cierre de la pared gástrica requiere destreza y mejor tecnología

Background. The feasibility of peroral transgastric peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy has been demonstrated in prior animal studies.Objective. Our purpose was to determine the feasibility and safety of transgastric peritoneal approach in local experience. Designs. Animal experimental feasibility study. Results. The peritoneal transgastric approach with PEG- like model was used in 3 pigs suis scrofa domesticus specie. The average procedure was 102 minutes, it did no have complications related to the access, and the necropsy did not reveal any damage to organs adjacent to the stomach. Nevertheless the gastric wall close was not successful in 2 pigs. Conclusions. This study report the local experience with peroral transgastric approach to peritoneal cavity, it’s technically feasible, a PEG- like transgastric model is simple and safe, the close of gastric wall requires skill and best technology.

Corte paracoronal transgástrico transesofágico. Uso e indicaçoes em cardiologia pediátrica / ransesophageal Paracoronal Transgastric View. Indication and Use in Pediatric Cardiology

PURPOSE--To evaluate the contribution and comparative value of paracoronal transgastric view compared with conventional transesophageal examination for morpho-functional assessment of different types of congenital heart disease in a pediatric group. METHODS--Fifteen patients with clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital heart disease were selected for single plane transesophageal examination. After routine evaluation, the probe was positioned to obtain a paracoronal transgastric view, and images that result from this technique were recorded and compared with those obtained in the conventional way. Eleven procedures were carried out in the cathlab and four in pediatric intensive care unit, under general anesthesia or heavy sedation. The age and weight were 32.0 months and 11.6 kg respectively. No adverse reactions were observed with this method. RESULTS--In comparison with conventional transesophageal study, the paracoronal transgastric view permitted better morpho-functional assessment of the outlets of the right and left ventricles, as well as additional informations about the left pulmonary artery. CONCLUSION--Morphological and hemodynamic informations obtained from paracoronal transgastric view is a safe method which can be used either as an alternative or a complement to conventional examination to assess the outlets of both ventricles, as well as to evaluate the subvalvar, valvar and supravalvar region in different types of congenital heart disease.