Alterations in Integumental Facial Dimensions after Orthodontic Treatment.

BACKGROUND: It is documented that the facial profile changes, morphology changes, and continued facial growth in early adults and late adolescents. AIMS: The present trial was aimed to quantitatively assess the changes in facial growth from adolescents to adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 16 facial distances (transverse) and craniocaudal facial distances were measured, and growth changes were assessed. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated. RESULTS: Upper face width was statistically significantly increased in males than females from posttreatment to recall with the P < 0.0001. The decrease in outer canthus was seen in females as compared to males, which was statistically significant with the P < 0.0001. An increase in mouth width was seen in both males and females with higher in females. CONCLUSION: The present study showed an increase in facial dimensions in both genders with age where transverse changes were higher than the craniocaudal alterations.

Evaluación de anchos intercaninos e intermolares en escolares con dentición mixta, Comuna de Contulmo, Chile / Evaluation of intercanine and intermolar widths in students with mixed dentition, Contulmo Commune, Chile

Introducción: El éxito del tratamiento ortodóncico temprano se fundamenta en el conocimiento del desarrollo de la dentición, por lo cual la medición de susdimensiones en los diferentes estadios de desarrollo se considera como un factor predictor para el tratamiento y rehabilitación de la población. Objetivo: Conocer y evaluar las características cuantitativas de los anchos intercaninos e intermolares según sexo en la población de niños de 6 a 8 años de la Escuela Artística San Luis de Contulmo.Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. La población de estudio correspondió a 48 alumnos de 6 a 8 años seleccionados por muestreo por conveniencia, a los cuales se les tomó modelos de estudio, midiendo y comparando los anchos intercaninos e intermolares. Resultados: Los promedios resultantes de las mediciones efectuadas fueron: distancia intercanina maxilar 33,2 +/-2,6 mm en hombres y 32,2 +/-2,3 mm en mujeres, respectivamente la distancia intercanina mandibular 27,1 +/-2,3 mm y 26, 6 +/-1,9 mm, la distancia intermolar maxilar 51,9 +/-3,1 y 51,2 +/-3,0 mm y la distancia intermolar mandibular 46 +/-2,6 y 44,8 +/-3,0 mm. Conclusión: Las diferencias entre los anchos intercaninos e intermolares según sexo no son significativas, en cuanto a la edad se observan diferencias significativas entre los 6 y 8 años en el sexo masculino, no así en el femenino. Este estudio representa un interesante punto de partida para el análisis y discusión de futuras investigaciones.

Introduction: The early orthodontic treatment success is based on knowledge the development of the dentition, so measuring their dimensions at different stages of development is considered as a predictor for treatment and rehabilitation of the population. Objective: To explore and evaluate the quantitative characteristics of intercanine and intermolar widths by sex in the population of children of 6-8 years of the Escuela Artistica San Luis de Contulmo. Methodology: quantitative study, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. The study population corresponded to 48 students from 6 to 8 years selected by probabilistic sampling, unintentional and opportunistic, to which took study models, measuring and comparing intercanine and intermolar widths. Results: The resulting averages of measurements were: maxillary intercanine 33.2 +/-2.6 mm in men and 32.2 +/-2.3 mm in women, mandibular intercanine distances respectively 27.1 +/- 2.3 mm and 26 6 +/-1.9 mm, the distance intermolar maxillary 51.9 +/-3.1 and 51.2 +/-3.0 mm and the distance mandibular intermolar 46 +/-2.6 and 44.8 +/-3.0 mm. Conclusion: In relation to the difference between intercanine and intermolar widths by sex are not significant, in terms of age significant differences between 6 and 8 males but not in females. This study represents an interesting starting point for the analysis and discussion of future research.

Association between maximum bite force and craniofacial morphology in an Amazonian population with normal dental occlusion / Associação entre força máxima de mordida e morfologia craniofacial em população Amazonense com oclusão normal

The aim of this study was to determine the maximum bite force (MBF) in Amazonian children and young adolescents with normal dental occlusion, the average craniofacial morphology, and investigate associations between craniofacial morphology and body mass with MBF. Ninety-seven children and young adolescents, 21 with primary dentition and 76 with permanent dentition and normal dental occlusion were included in the study. Subjects were from Amazonian tribes studying at three schools in Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. MBF was determined by means of a digital hydraulic pressure gauge. Body mass index (BMI), facial morphology index, and dental arches transverse dimensions were computed in each subject. Mann Whitney test, a one-tailed non-parametric statistical analysis, was used to contrast MBF between primary dentition and permanent dentition. The same statistical analysis was used to determine MBF statistical differences between the various facial morphologies. Pearson correlation statistical analysis was used to evaluate associations between MBF with BMI, dental arches transverse dimensions or facial morphology. Statistical significance was determined at 95 percent level of confidence. A significant difference was found for the MBF between subjects in primary dentition (incisors: 116.57 ± 48.30; right molars: 368.38 ± 105.52; left molars: 322.76 ± 83.77) and those in permanent dentition (incisors: 260.88 ± 85.73; right molars: 459.63 ± 167.11; left molars: 645.67 ± 170.60). In addition, an association was observed between MBF and facial morphology index. It was concluded that MBF significantly increases from primary to permanent dentition in subjects with normal dental occlusion. Furthermore, this study agrees with other reports stating that MBF is associated with the morphology of the face, but not with BMI or dental arches transverse dimensions.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a força máxima de mordida (FMM) e morfologia craniofacial média de crianças e adolescentes da região do Amazonas com oclusão dentária normal, e investigar associações entre índice de massa corpórea (IMC), morfologia craniofacial e FMM. Participaram do estudo 97 crianças e adolescentes, 21 deles com dentição primária e 76 com dentição permanente, todos com oclusão dentária normal. Os indivíduos pertencentes a tribos amazônicas estudavam em três escolas em Leticia, Amazonas e Colombia. A FMM foi determinada utilizando medidor de pressão hidráulica digital. Índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice morfológico, e dimensões transversais dos arcos dentários de cada indivíduo foram registrados. O teste de Mann Whitney, análise unicaudal não paramétrica, foi aplicado na comparação da força máxima de mordida em dentição decídua e permanente. A mesma análise estatística foi utilizada para determinar as diferenças estatísticas acerca da FMM entre as diferentes características da morfologia facial. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi empregado para avaliar as associações entre FMM e IMC, dimensão transversal dos arcos dentários ou morfologia facial. A significância estatística foi determinada com intervalos de 95% de confiança. Diferença significativa foi observada para FMM entre sujeitos com dentição decídua (incisivos: 116.57 ± 48.30; molares direitos: 368.38 ± 105.52; molares esquerdos: 322.76 ± 83.77) e aqueles com dentição permanente (incisivos: 260.88 ± 85.73; molares direitos: 459.63 ± 167.11molares esquerdos: 645.67 ± 170.60).